Research

15 pages, 597 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Intake and Its Association with Birth Outcomes in Women with Nausea and Vomiting during the Second Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan

by Nao Nishihara, Megumi Haruna, Yuriko Usui, Kaori Yonezawa, Naoko Hikita, Emi Sasagawa, Keiko Nakano, Moeko Tanaka, Riko Ohori, Satoko Aoyama, Satoshi Sasaki, Megumi Fujita, Masayo Matsuzaki, Yoshiko Suetsugu and Yoko Sato

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3383; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153383 - 29 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1130

Abstract

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is a common symptom. Although the influence of NVP during the first trimester on dietary intake and birth outcomes has been revealed, no study has focused on NVP during the second trimester. This study aimed to reveal [...] Read more.

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is a common symptom. Although the influence of NVP during the first trimester on dietary intake and birth outcomes has been revealed, no study has focused on NVP during the second trimester. This study aimed to reveal whether NVP severity during the second trimester is associated with dietary intake, gestational weight gain (GWG), birth weight, and delivery week. Participants completed a questionnaire at 18–27 gestational weeks. NVP severity was assessed using the modified Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea scale in the questionnaire. Dietary habits were assessed using a brief-type diet history questionnaire. In total, 825 responses were analyzed: 202 (24.5%), 135 (16.4%), and 8 (1.0%) women reported mild, moderate, and severe NVP, respectively; 480 (58.2%) women did not have NVP during the second trimester. No significant association was observed between energy and nutrient intake and no/mild and moderate/severe NVP. Women with moderate/severe NVP had lower total GWG than those with no/mild NVP (p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in low birth weight and preterm birth rates (p = 0.246 and p = 0.604). This is the first study to investigate whether NVP severity during the second trimester is associated with dietary intake and birth outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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17 pages, 903 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health at 6 Months following a Hypertensive Pregnancy: A BP² Sub-Study

by Camilla Hirsch, Lynne Roberts, Justine Salisbury, Elizabeth Denney-Wilson, Amanda Henry and Megan Gow

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3294; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153294 - 25 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1588

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) complicate 5–10% of pregnancies, with resultant lifelong increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to describe lifestyle behaviours at 6 months post-HDP in four HDP subgroups, and their association with markers of cardiometabolic health. Subgroups were chronic [...] Read more.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) complicate 5–10% of pregnancies, with resultant lifelong increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to describe lifestyle behaviours at 6 months post-HDP in four HDP subgroups, and their association with markers of cardiometabolic health. Subgroups were chronic hypertension (CH), gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension (CH + PE). The BP² study is a multi-site, three-arm, randomised controlled trial. At 6 months postpartum, the NSW Population Health Survey and BP² surveys collected lifestyle behaviours and demographic data. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood pressure (BP) were also assessed. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used. Of 484 women (16% CH, 23% GH, 55% preeclampsia, and 6% CH + PE), 62% were overweight or obese. Only 6% met the recommended five vegetable and two fruit serves per day, and 43% did not meet the recommended 150 min of moderate–vigorous physical activity in five sessions per week. Adherence to both diet and physical activity recommendations was correlated with more favourable cardiometabolic outcomes, including lower BMI, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic BP. Lifestyle interventions that improve diet and physical activity post-HDP are needed to reduce BP, BMI, and long-term CVD in this high-risk population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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14 pages, 1164 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Affecting BMI Changes in Mothers during the First Year Postpartum

by Alissa D. Smethers, Jillian C. Trabulsi, Virginia A. Stallings, Mia A. Papas and Julie A. Mennella

Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061364 - 11 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1786

Abstract

We tested the hypotheses that mothers of infants who exclusively breastfed would differ in the trajectories of postpartum BMI changes than mothers of infants who exclusively formula fed, but such benefits would differ based on the maternal BMI status prepregnancy (primary hypothesis) and [...] Read more.

We tested the hypotheses that mothers of infants who exclusively breastfed would differ in the trajectories of postpartum BMI changes than mothers of infants who exclusively formula fed, but such benefits would differ based on the maternal BMI status prepregnancy (primary hypothesis) and that psychological eating behavior traits would have independent effects on postpartum BMI changes (secondary hypothesis). To these aims, linear mixed-effects models analyzed measured anthropometric data collected monthly from 0.5 month (baseline) to 1 year postpartum from two groups of mothers distinct in infant feeding modality (Lactating vs. Non-lactating). While infant feeding modality group and prepregnancy BMI status had independent effects on postpartum BMI changes, the benefits of lactation on BMI changes differed based on prepregnancy BMI. When compared to lactating women, initial rates of BMI loss were significantly slower in the non-lactating women who were with Prepregnancy Healthy Weight (β = 0.63 percent BMI change, 95% CI: 0.19, 1.06) and with Prepregnancy Overweight (β = 2.10 percent BMI change, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.03); the difference was only a trend for those in the Prepregnancy Obesity group (β = 0.60 percent BMI change, 95% CI: −0.03, 1.23). For those with Prepregnancy Overweight, a greater percentage of non-lactating mothers (47%) gained ≥ 3 BMI units by 1 year postpartum than did lactating mothers (9%; p < 0.04). Psychological eating behavior traits of higher dietary restraint, higher disinhibition, and lower susceptibility to hunger were associated with greater BMI loss. In conclusion, while there are myriad advantages to lactation, including greater initial rates of postpartum weight loss regardless of prepregnancy BMI, mothers who were with overweight prior to the pregnancy experienced substantially greater loss if they breastfed their infants. Individual differences in psychological eating behavior traits hold promise as modifiable targets for postpartum weight management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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15 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychosocial Experiences Related to Dietary Behavior of Japanese Lactating Women: A Qualitative Study

by Kaori Matsuda, Mie Shiraishi, Natsuki Hori, Hanna Horiguchi and Masayo Matsuzaki

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030789 - 03 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2147

Abstract

Adequate dietary intake during the lactation period is important for breast milk components, postpartum recovery, and physical and mental health. This study aimed to clarify the psychosocial experiences related to dietary behavior around one month postpartum among Japanese lactating women. Semi-structured interviews were [...] Read more.

Adequate dietary intake during the lactation period is important for breast milk components, postpartum recovery, and physical and mental health. This study aimed to clarify the psychosocial experiences related to dietary behavior around one month postpartum among Japanese lactating women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 women between February and June 2022 in Osaka, Japan. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive approaches. Four core categories were identified. All participants had a [desire to have healthy meals for themselves or their families] to improve their postpartum health, regain their pre-pregnancy body shape, produce sufficient and good-quality breast milk, and keep their families healthy. Some participants, who had [subjective difficulties in getting information on diet and preparing meals] due to insufficient or complicated information and viewing meal preparation as a burden, used [services and support regarding their postpartum diet] to alleviate these difficulties. They had [postpartum-specific appetite and dietary views], including an increased appetite triggered by breastfeeding and postpartum stress and the effects of the dietary changes during pregnancy. Some of these psychosocial experiences were influenced by Japanese traditional customs in the postpartum period and familiar food preferences in the Japanese. Healthcare professionals should consider these experiences when providing tailored dietary guidance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

13 pages, 634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Early Pregnancy Using a Clinical Decision Support System; A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial

by Panos Papandreou, Charalampia Amerikanou, Chara Vezou, Aristea Gioxari, Andriana C. Kaliora and Maria Skouroliakou

Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020432 - 14 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2443

Abstract

Prenatal health is important for both mother and child. Additionally, the offspring’s development is affected by the mother’s diet. The aim of this study was to assess whether a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) can improve adherence to the Mediterranean diet in early [...] Read more.

Prenatal health is important for both mother and child. Additionally, the offspring’s development is affected by the mother’s diet. The aim of this study was to assess whether a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) can improve adherence to the Mediterranean diet in early pregnancy and whether this change is accompanied by changes in nutritional status and psychological parameters. We designed a three month randomised controlled clinical trial which was applied to 40 healthy pregnant women (20 in the CDSS and 20 in the control group). Medical history, biochemical, anthropometric measurements, dietary, and a psychological distress assessment were applied before and at the end of the intervention. Pregnant women in the CDSS group experienced a greater increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as assessed via MedDietScore, in the first trimester of their pregnancy compared to women in the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, an improved nutritional status was observed in pregnant women who were supported by CDSS. Anxiety and depression levels showed a greater reduction in the CDSS group compared to the control group (p = 0.048). In conclusion, support by a CDSS during the first trimester of pregnancy may be beneficial for the nutritional status of the mother, as well as for her anxiety and depression status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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13 pages, 535 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dairy Food Intakes, Postpartum Weight Retention, and Risk of Obesity

by Mengjie Yuan, Frank B. Hu, Yanping Li, Howard J. Cabral, Sai Krupa Das, Jude T. Deeney and Lynn L. Moore

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010120 - 27 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3805

Abstract

Excessive postpartum weight retention puts women at risk for health problems. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dairy foods on weight retention and risk of obesity in postpartum women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Weight was reported every 2 years. [...] Read more.

Excessive postpartum weight retention puts women at risk for health problems. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dairy foods on weight retention and risk of obesity in postpartum women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Weight was reported every 2 years. We identified the pre-pregnancy and postpartum exams that were approximately 2 years before and after the birth year. Dairy consumption was averaged during these 4 years. Linear models were used to assess postpartum weight retention. Multivariable models were used to estimate risk of obesity. Women with higher yogurt (≥2 servings/week vs. <1 serving/month) intakes had 0.61 pounds less postpartum weight retention. Consuming ≥ 5 cheese servings/week was associated with 0.63 pounds less weight retention than the lowest intake. Among sedentary women, only yogurt intake was associated with lower risk of postpartum obesity (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71–1.00), though of borderline statistical significance. Among women with less healthy diets, yogurt consumption was also associated with lower postpartum obesity risk (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.57–0.85). In sum, higher yogurt and cheese intakes were associated with less postpartum weight retention and among higher risk women (sedentary or lower diet quality) greater yogurt intake was associated with lower risks of postpartum obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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14 pages, 288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio as an Indicator of Diet Quality in Healthy Pregnant Women

by Martina Vulin, Lucija Magušić, Ana-Maria Metzger, Andrijana Muller, Ines Drenjančević, Ivana Jukić, Siniša Šijanović, Matea Lukić, Lorena Stanojević, Erna Davidović Cvetko and Ana Stupin

Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5052; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235052 - 27 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2351

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate diet quality in healthy pregnant women based on the Na-to-K ratio from 24 h urine sample and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), to compare dietary micro- and macronutrient intake with current nutritional recommendations (RDA), and to investigate whether gestational [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate diet quality in healthy pregnant women based on the Na-to-K ratio from 24 h urine sample and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), to compare dietary micro- and macronutrient intake with current nutritional recommendations (RDA), and to investigate whether gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with Na-to-K ratio and diet quality during pregnancy in general. Sixty-four healthy pregnant women between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation participated in the study. Participants’ GWG, body composition, molar 24 h urine Na-to-K ratio, and FFQ data on average daily total energy, food groups, and micro-/macronutrient intake were obtained. A Na-to-K ratio of 2.68 (1.11–5.24) does not meet nutrition quality and is higher than the WHO recommendations due to excessive sodium and insufficient potassium intake. FFQ Na-to-K ratio was associated with a higher daily intake of soups, sauces, cereals, fats, and oils and a low intake of fruit and non-alcoholic beverages. A total of 49% of pregnant women exhibited excessive GWG, which was attributed to the increase in adipose tissue mass. GWG was not associated with total energy but may be the result of insufficient physical activity during pregnancy. Daily intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, niacin, riboflavin, calcium, iron, and zinc was suboptimal compared to RDA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

16 pages, 2863 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low Aerobic Capacity Accelerates Lipid Accumulation and Metabolic Abnormalities Caused by High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Postpartum Mice

by Mon-Chien Lee, Yi-Ju Hsu, Hsin-Ching Sung, Ya-Ting Wen, Li Wei and Chi-Chang Huang

Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3746; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183746 - 10 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1844

Abstract

Women during pregnancy and postpartum show high rates of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially women with excessive caloric intake. In the past, it was proved that individuals with high intrinsic aerobic exercise capacities showed higher lipid metabolism and lower fat production than those [...] Read more.

Women during pregnancy and postpartum show high rates of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially women with excessive caloric intake. In the past, it was proved that individuals with high intrinsic aerobic exercise capacities showed higher lipid metabolism and lower fat production than those with low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mice with the low-fitness phenotype (LAEC) were more likely to develop metabolic abnormalities and obesity under dietary induction after delivery, and if mice with a high-fitness phenotype (HAEC) had a protective mechanism. After parturition and weaning, postpartum Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice received dietary induction for 12 weeks and were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): high-exercise capacity postpartum mice with a normal chow diet (HAEC-ND); high-exercise capacity postpartum mice with a high-fat diet (HAEC-HFD); low-exercise capacity postpartum mice with a normal chow diet (LAEC-ND); and low-exercise capacity postpartum mice with a high-fat diet (LAEC-HFD). Obesity caused by a high-fat diet led to decreased exercise performance (p < 0.05). Although there were significant differences in body posture under congenital conditions, the LAEC mice gained more weight and body fat after high-fat-diet intake (p < 0.05). Compared with HAEC-HFD, LAEC-HFD significantly increased blood lipids, such as total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and other parameters (p < 0.05), and the content of TG in the liver, as well as inducing poor glucose tolerance (p < 0.05). In addition, after HFD intake, excessive energy significantly increased glycogen storage (p < 0.05), but the LAEC mice showed significantly lower muscle glycogen storage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although we observed significant differences in intrinsic exercise capacity, and body posture and metabolic ability were also different, high-fat-diet intake caused weight gain and a risk of metabolic disorders, especially in postpartum low-fitness mice. However, HAEC mice still showed better lipid metabolism and protection mechanisms. Conversely, LAEC mice might accumulate more fat and develop metabolic diseases compared with their normal rodent chow diet (ND) control counterparts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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19 pages, 1645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trans Fatty Acids Content in Whole-Day Diets Intended for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Gynaecological and Obstetric Wards: Findings from the Study under the “Mum’s Diet” Pilot Program in Poland

by Edyta Jasińska-Melon, Hanna Mojska, Beata Przygoda and Katarzyna Stoś

Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3360; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163360 - 16 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1565

Abstract

Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been proven to have an adverse effect on human health by interfering with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) synthesis. LC-PUFA n-3 are necessary for the development and maturation of the nervous system and retina during the [...] Read more.

Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been proven to have an adverse effect on human health by interfering with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) synthesis. LC-PUFA n-3 are necessary for the development and maturation of the nervous system and retina during the prenatal period and infancy. TFAs are not synthesized de novo in the human body. Their presence in body fluids arises from the diet. The aim of our study was to determine the content of TFAs in individual meals and in a whole-day hospital diet intended for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Samples were collected from six different hospitals in Poland which voluntarily applied to the “Mum’s Diet” Pilot Program. The content of fatty acids, including TFAs, was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The TFAs content in the whole-day hospital diets ranged from 3.86 to 8.37% of all fatty acids (% wt/wt). Food products served for elevenses and afternoon snacks contributed the highest amounts of TFAs. These mainly included dairy products containing TFAs of natural origins. The estimated average intake of TFAs with the hospital diet was 0.72 g/person/day (range: 0.34–1.16 g/person/day) and did not exceed the maximum level of 1% of dietary energy recommended by the World Health Organization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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16 pages, 1444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Recommendations for the Development of Family-Based Interventions Aiming to Prevent Unhealthy Changes in Energy Balance-Related Behavior during the Transition to Parenthood: A Focus Group Study

by Vickà Versele, Benedicte Deforche, Dirk Aerenhouts, Peter Clarys, Roland Devlieger, Annick Bogaerts, Christoph Liel, Johanna Löchner, Jörg Wolstein, Mireille van Poppel and Tom Deliens

Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2346; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112346 - 04 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2116

Abstract

Feasible interventions addressing unhealthy changes in energy balance-related behavior (EBRB) during pregnancy and early postpartum are needed. This study identified the needs and wishes of expecting and first-time parents concerning EBRB interventions during the transition to parenthood. Thirteen focus group discussions (n = [...] Read more.

Feasible interventions addressing unhealthy changes in energy balance-related behavior (EBRB) during pregnancy and early postpartum are needed. This study identified the needs and wishes of expecting and first-time parents concerning EBRB interventions during the transition to parenthood. Thirteen focus group discussions (n = 74) were conducted. Couples provided information about whether an intervention targeting unhealthy EBRB changes during pregnancy and postpartum would be acceptable, how such an intervention should look like, and in which way and during which period they needed support. Guided by the TiDIER checklist, all quotes were divided into five main categories (i.e., ‘what’, ‘how’, ‘when and how much’, ‘where’, ‘for and from whom’). Interventions should aim for changes at the individual, social, environmental and policy levels. The accessibility and approach (indirect or face-to-face) together with communicational aspects should be taken into account. A focus should go to delivering reliable and personalized information and improving self-regulation skills. Interventions should be couple- or family-based. Authorities, healthcare professionals, the partner and peers are important sources for intervention delivery and support. In the prevention of unhealthy EBRB changes around childbirth, the involvement of both parents is needed, while health care professionals play an important role in providing personalized advice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

11 pages, 1325 KiB

Open AccessReview

Is Maternal Carbohydrate Intake Having an Impact on Newborn Birth Weight? A Systematic Review

by Malshani L. Pathirathna, Hapugahapitiye M. R. K. G. Nandasena, Buddhini P. P. Samarasekara, Thakshila S. Dasanayake, Ishanka Weerasekara and Megumi Haruna

Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1649; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071649 - 28 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Glucose is a vital fuel for fetal growth, and carbohydrates are the primary source of glucose in the diet. The effects of carbohydrate intake during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight have not been fully investigated or systematically reviewed. Therefore, this systematic review aimed [...] Read more.

Glucose is a vital fuel for fetal growth, and carbohydrates are the primary source of glucose in the diet. The effects of carbohydrate intake during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight have not been fully investigated or systematically reviewed. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to collate the available evidence to determine whether carbohydrate intake during pregnancy impacts newborn birth weight. A literature search was performed from inception to March 2022 in Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo. Articles published in English were independently screened for the title and abstracts, and then for full texts. Out of 17 studies included, a significant relationship between the intake of maternal carbohydrate or its subcomponents and neonatal birth weight was reported in six studies. Of them, one study reported that higher carbohydrate intake in early pregnancy was associated with lower birth weight. The two other studies reported a positive correlation between maternal carbohydrate intake and neonatal birth weight regarding first- and second-trimester intake. Maternal carbohydrate intake may have an impact on birth weight, as suggested by the included studies in this systematic review. However, the overall review indicates contradictory findings concerning the relationship between carbohydrate intake and neonatal birth weight. Studies assessing the type of carbohydrate and the amount consumed with improved methodological quality are recommended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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21 pages, 1687 KiB

Open AccessReview

Individual, Family, and Social Factors Associated with Gestational Weight Gain in Adolescents: A Scoping Review

by Reyna Sámano, Hugo Martínez-Rojano, Luis Ortiz-Hernández, Oralia Nájera-Medina, Gabriela Chico-Barba, Ricardo Gamboa and María Eugenia Mendoza-Flores

Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1530; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061530 - 22 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1861

Abstract

About 56% to 84% of pregnant adolescents have inappropriate (insufficient or excessive) gestational weight gain (GWG); however, the factors associated with GWG in this age group have not been systematically identified. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the [...] Read more.

About 56% to 84% of pregnant adolescents have inappropriate (insufficient or excessive) gestational weight gain (GWG); however, the factors associated with GWG in this age group have not been systematically identified. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the association of individual, family, and social factors with inappropriate gestational weight gain in pregnant adolescents. To carry out this review, the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles from recent years. The evidence was organized according to individual, family, and social factors. The analyzed studies included 1571 adolescents from six retrospective cohorts, 568 from three prospective cohorts, 165 from a case–control study, 395 from a cross-sectional study, and 78,001 from two national representative samples in the USA. At the individual level, in approximately half of the studies, the pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) was positively associated with the GWG recommended by the Institute of Medicine of the USA (IOM). The evidence was insufficient for the other factors (maternal age, number of deliveries, and family support) to determine an association. According to the review, we concluded that pBMI was positively associated with the GWG. More quality studies are needed to assess the association between GWG and individual, family, and social factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

8 pages, 798 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

In Underweight Women, Insufficient Gestational Weight Gain Is Associated with Adverse Obstetric Outcomes

by Alizée Montvignier Monnet, Delphine Savoy, Lise Préaubert, Pascale Hoffmann and Cécile Bétry

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010057 - 23 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1888

Abstract

The pre-pregnancy BMI and the gestational weight gain are two important determinants of pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine obstetric outcomes associated with insufficient gestational weight gain in women with a pre-pregnancy BMI < 18.5 kg/m². This [...] Read more.

The pre-pregnancy BMI and the gestational weight gain are two important determinants of pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine obstetric outcomes associated with insufficient gestational weight gain in women with a pre-pregnancy BMI < 18.5 kg/m². This study was based on observational routinely collected data from University Hospital Maternity. The participants were allocated to the group sufficient or insufficient gestational weight gain: ≥12.5 kg and <12.5 kg respectively. Primary outcomes were the adjusted birth weight in percentiles (%) and the proportion of SGA newborns. Secondary outcomes were obstetric and perinatal outcomes. A total of 132 participants with a median age of 28 ± 8 years were included. The adjusted birth weight in percentiles was significantly lower in the insufficient gestational weight gain group (27.3 ± 45.0 vs. 46.3 ± 46.2%; p < 0.001). Moreover, the insufficient gestational weight gain is associated with a higher risk of SGA (27.0% vs. 11.6%; p = 0.03). Our study also showed increased risks of premature rupture of membranes, anaemia, and intrauterine growth restriction in women with an insufficient weight gain. Future studies should explore the risk factors associated with insufficient weight gain, in order to develop specific care for underweight pregnant women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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15 pages, 1486 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effectiveness of Dietary Interventions in Prevention and Treatment of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Dominika Skolmowska, Dominika Głąbska, Aleksandra Kołota and Dominika Guzek

Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3023; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153023 - 23 Jul 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6729

Abstract

Pregnant women are among the population groups most vulnerable to the development of anemia, as the overall iron requirement during pregnancy is significantly higher than in non-pregnant women. The aim of the systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions in [...] Read more.

Pregnant women are among the population groups most vulnerable to the development of anemia, as the overall iron requirement during pregnancy is significantly higher than in non-pregnant women. The aim of the systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions in the prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant women based on randomized-controlled trials. The systematic review was based on the PRISMA guidelines and is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021261235). The search was conducted within PubMed and Web of Science databases for the period until June 2021. The included randomized controlled trials presented effectiveness of dietary interventions in prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant women. From the total number of 7825 screened records, the final number of seven studies were included in the systematic review. The procedure of screening, inclusion, reporting, and assessment of the risk of bias while using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials was conducted by two independent researchers. The studies included in the systematic review were conducted in populations of anemic pregnant women, or mixed populations of anemic and non-anemic pregnant women. The interventions described within the studies were associated with including fortified products, regular products, or dietary counselling. They were based on providing an increased amount of iron, providing an increased amount of multiple nutrients, or general counselling only, while effectiveness was compared with effectiveness of the placebo, supplementation, or control group. The study duration was diversified from a few weeks to half a year or longer. The major biochemical measure assessed within the included studies was hemoglobin. All applied dietary interventions, based on providing increased amount of iron, providing increased amount of multiple nutrients, or general counselling only, were effective. The majority of included studies were assessed as ones of a medium risk of bias. For some studies a high risk of bias was indicated, which resulted from a risk of bias arising from the randomization process, due to deviations from the intended interventions, and in selection of the reported result. Considering this fact, more randomized controlled trials should be planned and conducted in a rigorous manner to confirm the formulated observations of effectiveness of the studied interventions based on providing an increased amount of iron, providing an increased amount of multiple nutrients, or general counselling only. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight Changes among Pregnant and Postpartum Women)

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