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Diet, Dyslipidemias and Metabolic Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 5280

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Prof. Dr. Roberto Verna

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Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University, 00160 Rome, Italy
Interests: aging; dyslipidemias; endocrinology and metabolic diseases; clinical value of laboratory; molecular oncology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I was recently invited by the journal Nutrients to coordinate a Special Issue dedicated to “Diet, Dyslipidemias, and Metabolic Diseases”.

This is a particularly hot topic at present due to the increase in morbidity, mortality, and health costs associated with these pathologies, especially when it comes to young people and in combination with the other problems they face.

In this Special Issue, I believe it would be useful to highlight the problems of early identification of nutritional errors and disorders, laboratory and genetic tests for the identification and follow-up of what must be considered a real pathology, to continue with the description and the proposal of the interventions to be implemented for the resolution of the problem. Obviously, the current situation regarding drugs available and those under experimentation is also important, and papers on this are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Roberto Verna
Guest Editor

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Keywords

diet
obesity
dyslipidemias
metabolic diseases
metabolic syndrome
laboratory diagnosis
genetic assessment
drugs available for pharmacologic treatment
new therapies

Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 3747 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lactobacillus gasseri RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats

by Xianping Li, Yuchun Xiao, Yuanming Huang, Liqiong Song, Mengde Li and Zhihong Ren

Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 4945; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14234945 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1928

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a leading risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Dietary supplementation with probiotics has been suggested as an alternative intervention to lower cholesterol. In the current study, we isolated a strain of Lactobacillus gasseri RW2014 (LGA) from the feces of a healthy infant fed with breast milk, and it displayed bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Using this strain we determined its cholesterol-lowering and fatty liver-improving functions. SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control rats were fed a commercial chow diet and the other three groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for a 7-week experiment period. After two weeks of feeding, the rats in PBS, simvastin, and LGA group were daily administered through oral gavage with 2 mL PBS, simvastin (1 mg/mL), and 2 × 10⁹ CFU/mouse live LGA in PBS, respectively. After five weeks of such treatment, the rats were euthanized and tissue samples were collected. Blood lipid and inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA, gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, and bile acids profiles were detected by metabolomics. We found that LGA group had lower levels of blood cholesterol and liver steatosis compared to the simvastin group. LGA also significantly reducedthe levels of inflammatory factors in the serum, including TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, and exotoxin (ET), and increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids in feces, including isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid. In addition, LGA altered the compositions of gut microbiota as manifested by the increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and the relative abundance of Blautia genus. Targeted metabolomics results showed that bile acids, especially free bile acids and secondary bile acids in feces, were increased in LGA rats compared with the control rats. Accordingly, the rats administrated with LGA also had a higher abundance of serum bile acids, including 23-norcholic acid, 7-ketolithocholic acid, β-muricholic acid, cholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. Together, this study suggests that LGA may exert a cholesterol-lowering effect by modulating the metabolism of bile acids and the composition of gut microbiota. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Dyslipidemias and Metabolic Diseases)

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17 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eating Habits in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia from North-Eastern Romania

by Alexandra Maștaleru, Alexandra Sabina Cojocariu, Andra Oancea, Maria-Magdalena Leon-Constantin, Mihai Roca, Ioana Mădălina Zota, Irina Mihaela Abdulan, Cristina Rusu, Laura Mihaela Trandafir, Alexandru Dan Costache, Elena Cojocaru, Iulia Cristina Roca and Florin Mitu

Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3124; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153124 - 29 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2891

Abstract

(1) Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic autosomal dominant disorder characterized by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) that develops deposits of lipids in the arterial wall. Since it is underdiagnosed and undertreated, the disease has a high risk of premature cardiovascular disease and death. Patients are not always aware of the changes they should make in their diet. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate through a food frequency questionnaire their eating habits. (2) Methods: We included 70 patients with FH and 20 subjects in a control group that were evaluated through a physical examination and blood tests. They also completed a food frequency questionnaire. (3) Results: Throughout our study, we observed several aspects: regardless of age, patients with FH had higher carbohydrate intakes compared to the control group; from the same group, a positive correlation was observed between salami intake and the levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Moreover, the sour cream preference was associated with higher liver function tests. In the control group, we observed a higher intake of pasta and fast food and fewer fruit portions. (4) Conclusions: As far as we know, this is the first study from Romania that evaluated the eating habits of patients diagnosed with FH. Our study reveals that, although patients with FH avoid junk food, they still have a high intake of carbohydrates when compared to the control group. Further research is needed in order to get a comprehensive nutritional evaluation of these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Dyslipidemias and Metabolic Diseases)

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