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The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight and Metabolic Health

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Dr. Evelyn Parr

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Guest Editor

Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring Street, Sydney, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: time-restricted eating; type 2 diabetes; obesity; body composition; glycaemic control
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Dr. Brooke Devlin

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Guest Editor

School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Interests: time-restricted eating; type 2 diabetes; nutrition interventions; dietary analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Time-restricted eating is a novel dietary strategy aimed to improve metabolic health and reduce body weight through the alignment of meal timing and/or the involuntary reduction of dietary intake. Decades of dietetic research have substantiated the claims for various macronutrient compositions to be beneficial across disease states, but the focus of dietary timing is a newer concept which is fast gaining traction in the scientific literature. There is still a need for further research to expand on the impact of TRE on body weight and metabolic health. The purpose of this Special Issue is, therefore, to collect contributions regarding the effects that meal timing, through time-restricted eating or the like, has on regulation of body weight and measures of metabolic health. This special issue invites the submission of original research articles, short communications, and systematic reviews.

Dr. Evelyn Parr
Dr. Brooke Devlin
Guest Editors

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Keywords

timing
metabolism
body composition
fasting
cardiovascular
blood pressure
body fat

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13 pages, 7628 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Time-Restricted Eating versus Daily Calorie Restriction on Mood and Quality of Life in Adults with Obesity

by Shuhao Lin, Sofia Cienfuegos, Mark Ezpeleta, Vasiliki Pavlou, Kaitlin Chakos, Mara McStay, Mary-Claire Runchey, Shaina J. Alexandria and Krista A. Varady

Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4313; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204313 - 10 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2813

Abstract

The purpose of this secondary analysis is to compare the effects of two popular weight loss regimens, time-restricted eating (TRE) and daily calorie restriction (CR), on mood and quality-of-life measures in adults with obesity. Ninety participants were randomized to one of three interventions for 12 months: 8 h TRE (eating only between 12:00 and 8:00 p.m., with no calorie counting); CR (25% energy restriction daily); or no-intervention control group. Questionnaires were administered to measure mood (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Profile of Mood States (POMS)) and quality of life (Rand 36-Item Short Form) at baseline and month 12. Body weight decreased in the TRE group (−4.87%, 95%CI: −7.61, −2.13) and CR group (−5.30%, 95%CI: −9.06, −1.54) versus controls, with no difference between TRE and CR. The BDI-II depression score did not change in the TRE or CR group, versus controls, by month 12. Likewise, there were no changes in any of the POMS subscales (tension, depression, anger, fatigue, anger, confusion, or vigor) or the total mood disturbance score in the TRE or CR group versus controls. As for quality of life, there were no significant changes in the SF-36 constructs of mental health, bodily pain, and general physical health in the TRE or CR group versus controls. However, there was a trend towards increased vitality in the TRE group (7.77 [95% CI: 0.15, 15.39] p = 0.05) relative to controls. There were no associations between changes in body weight, physical activity, mood, and quality of life in any group by the end of the study. These findings suggest that TRE and CR produce similar degrees of weight loss, but impact neither mood nor quality of life in adults with obesity over 12 months. Future well-powered studies will be needed to confirm these findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight and Metabolic Health)

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19 pages, 3199 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Rates of Adherence and Barriers to Time-Restricted Eating

by Paul W. Jefcoate, M. Denise Robertson, Jane Ogden and Jonathan D. Johnston

Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2336; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102336 - 16 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2070

Abstract

Whilst the treatment and prevention of overweight and obesity-related disease is managed by restricting daily energy intake, long-term adherence to dietary strategies appears unsustainable. Time-restricted eating (TRE) aims to position energy intake in an eating window under 12 h per day and offers an alternative behavioral intervention, which can aid weight management and improve cardiometabolic health. Adherence to previous TRE protocols is estimated at between 63 and 100%, although the accuracy of reporting is unclear. This study therefore aimed to provide an objective, subjective, and qualitative overview of adherence to a prescribed TRE protocol, and to identify any potential barriers affecting adherence. Adherence after 5 weeks of TRE was estimated at ~63% based on continuous glucose monitoring data when compared with time-stamped diet diaries. Subjective participant responses reported adherence at an average of ~61% per week. Barriers to adopting TRE, including work schedules, social events, and family life, were identified by participants during qualitative interviews. The findings of this study suggest that the development of personalized TRE protocols may help to navigate the barriers to adherence leading to improved health-related outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight and Metabolic Health)

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The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight and Metabolic Health

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