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Recent Advances in Nutrition and Diabetes
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Recent Advances in Nutrition and Diabetes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2021) | Viewed by 60668

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Omorogieva Ojo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Health Sciences, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, London SE9 2UG, UK
Interests: nutrition; prebiotics; diabetes; glycaemic index of food; dietary fibre; gut microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

The prevalence of diabetes is on the increase worldwide. In 2014, 422 million adults were living with diabetes globally. About 90% of people with diabetes are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Poor lifestyle choices including unhealthy dietary regimens and a lack of physical activities are factors contributing to this global challenge.

Diabetes is a major risk factor for kidney dysfunction, lower limb amputations, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and other co-morbidities, such as stroke, which can lead to swallowing problems and malnutrition. Based on these issues, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases continue to be major public health concerns in the UK and globally, and strategies for managing these conditions continue to evolve. Often, management relies on lifestyle modifications such as increased physical activity levels and the use of dietary interventions in order to prevent the onset of these diseases and ultimately reduce the possibility of complications.

Therefore, strategies for ameliorating these diseases should not only focus on dietary interventions in the general population, but should also address the risk factors that pre-dispose individuals who are at greater risk of developing these diseases.

Therefore, this Special Issue will focus on research studies on recent advances in nutrition and diabetes including some complications of diabetes.

Dr. Omorogieva Ojo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Diet and Diabetes
  • Diet and cardiovascular diseases
  • Nutritional interventions to prevent diabetes
  • Quality and safety of food
  • Chronic periodontitis
  • Low carbohydrate diet and diabetes
  • Diet and lifestyle among Africans and Ethnic minority groups
  • Glycaemic index and diabetes
  • Enteral nutrition

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 194 KiB  
Editorial
Recent Advances in Nutrition and Diabetes
by Omorogieva Ojo
Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1573; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051573 - 08 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6251
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is on the increase worldwide, being one of the fastest growing international health emergencies in the 21st century [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nutrition and Diabetes)

Research

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15 pages, 573 KiB  
Article
Exploratory Efficacy of Calcium-Vitamin D Milk Fortification and Periodontal Therapy on Maternal Oral Health and Metabolic and Inflammatory Profile
by Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye, Danilo Dias Santana, Pedro Paulo Teixeira dos Santos, Paula Guedes Cocate, Camila Benaim, Maria Beatriz Trindade de Castro, Michael Maia Schlüssel, Gilberto Kac and Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030783 - 27 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3123
Abstract
In this 2 × 2 factorial, outcome-assessor blinded, feasibility randomised trial we explored the effect of a non-pharmaceutical multi-component intervention on periodontal health and metabolic and inflammatory profiles among pregnant women with periodontitis receiving prenatal care in a Brazilian public health centre. 69 [...] Read more.
In this 2 × 2 factorial, outcome-assessor blinded, feasibility randomised trial we explored the effect of a non-pharmaceutical multi-component intervention on periodontal health and metabolic and inflammatory profiles among pregnant women with periodontitis receiving prenatal care in a Brazilian public health centre. 69 pregnant women (gestational age ≤20 weeks, T0) were randomly allocated into four groups: (1) fortified sachet (vitamin D and calcium) and powdered milk plus periodontal therapy during pregnancy (early PT) (n = 17); (2) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus early PT (n = 15); (3) fortified sachet and powdered milk plus late PT (after delivery) (n = 19); (4) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus late PT (n = 18). Third trimester (T1) and 6–8 weeks postpartum (T2) exploratory outcomes included periodontal health (% sites with bleeding on probing (BOP)), glucose, insulin, C-Reactive Protein, serum calcium and vitamin D. The mean BOP was significantly reduced in the early PT groups, while BOP worsened in the late PT groups. No significant effect of fortification on BOP was observed. Changes in glucose levels and variation on birthweight did not differ among groups This feasibility trial provides preliminary evidence for estimating the minimum clinically important differences for selected maternal outcomes. A large-scale trial to evaluate the interventions’ clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness is warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nutrition and Diabetes)
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9 pages, 518 KiB  
Article
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Focused on Normalization of Glycemia: A Two-Year Pilot Study
by Amy L McKenzie, Shaminie J Athinarayanan, Jackson J McCue, Rebecca N Adams, Monica Keyes, James P McCarter, Jeff S Volek, Stephen D Phinney and Sarah J Hallberg
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 749; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030749 - 26 Feb 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 21427
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of an alternative approach to type 2 diabetes prevention. Ninety-six patients with prediabetes (age 52 (10) years; 80% female; BMI 39.2 (7.1) kg/m2) received a continuous remote care intervention focused on [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of an alternative approach to type 2 diabetes prevention. Ninety-six patients with prediabetes (age 52 (10) years; 80% female; BMI 39.2 (7.1) kg/m2) received a continuous remote care intervention focused on reducing hyperglycemia through carbohydrate restricted nutrition therapy for two years in a single arm, prospective, longitudinal pilot study. Two-year retention was 75% (72 of 96 participants). Fifty-one percent of participants (49 of 96) met carbohydrate restriction goals as assessed by blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations for more than one-third of reported measurements. Estimated cumulative incidence of normoglycemia (HbA1c < 5.7% without medication) and type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or <6.5% with medication other than metformin) at two years were 52.3% and 3%, respectively. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, class II or greater obesity, and suspected hepatic steatosis significantly decreased at two years. These results demonstrate the potential utility of an alternate approach to type 2 diabetes prevention, carbohydrate restricted nutrition therapy delivered through a continuous remote care model, for normalization of glycemia and improvement in related comorbidities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nutrition and Diabetes)
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21 pages, 837 KiB  
Article
An Almond-Based Low Carbohydrate Diet Improves Depression and Glycometabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes through Modulating Gut Microbiota and GLP-1: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Mengxiao Ren, Huaiyu Zhang, Jindan Qi, Anni Hu, Qing Jiang, Yunying Hou, Qianqian Feng, Omorogieva Ojo and Xiaohua Wang
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3036; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103036 - 03 Oct 2020
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 12848
Abstract
Background: Alow carbohydrate diet (LCD) is more beneficial for the glycometabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and may be effective in reducing depression. Almond, which is a common nut, has been shown to effectively improve hyperglycemia and depression symptoms. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Background: Alow carbohydrate diet (LCD) is more beneficial for the glycometabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and may be effective in reducing depression. Almond, which is a common nut, has been shown to effectively improve hyperglycemia and depression symptoms. This study aimed to determine the effect of an almond-based LCD (a-LCD) on depression and glycometabolism, as well as gut microbiota and fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in patients with T2DM. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial which compared an a-LCD with a low-fat diet (LFD). Forty-five participants with T2DM at a diabetes club and the Endocrine Division of the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between December 2018 to December 2019 completed each dietary intervention for 3 months, including 22 in the a-LCD group and 23 in the LFD group. The indicators for depression and biochemical indicators including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), gut microbiota, and GLP-1 concentration were assessed at the baseline and third month and compared between the two groups. Results: A-LCD significantly improved depression and HbA1c (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, a-LCD significantly increased the short chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing bacteria Roseburia, Ruminococcus and Eubacterium. The GLP-1 concentration in the a-LCD group was higher than that in the LFD group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A-LCD could exert a beneficial effect on depression and glycometabolism in patients with T2DM. We speculate that the role of a-LCD in improving depression in patients with T2DM may be associated with it stimulating the growth of SCFAs-producing bacteria, increasing SCFAs production and GPR43 activation, and further maintaining GLP-1 secretion. In future studies, the SCFAs and GPR43 activation should be further examined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nutrition and Diabetes)
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Review

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21 pages, 1245 KiB  
Review
The Role of Dietary Fibre in Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
by Omorogieva Ojo, Qian-Qian Feng, Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo and Xiao-Hua Wang
Nutrients 2020, 12(11), 3239; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113239 - 23 Oct 2020
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 9575
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the increase worldwide, and it represents about 90% of adults who are diagnosed with diabetes. Overweight and obesity, lifestyle, genetic predisposition and gut microbiota dysbiosis have been implicated as possible risk factors in the [...] Read more.
Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the increase worldwide, and it represents about 90% of adults who are diagnosed with diabetes. Overweight and obesity, lifestyle, genetic predisposition and gut microbiota dysbiosis have been implicated as possible risk factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. In particular, low intake of dietary fibre and consumption of foods high in fat and sugar, which are common in western lifestyle, have been reported to contribute to the depletion of specific bacterial taxa. Therefore, it is possible that intake of high dietary fibre may alter the environment in the gut and provide the needed substrate for microbial bloom. Aim: The current review is a systematic review and meta-analysis which evaluated the role of dietary fibre in modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials which relied on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Electronic searches were conducted using EBSCOHost with links to Health Sciences Research Databases, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The reference lists of articles were also searched for relevant studies. Searches were conducted from date of commencement of the database to 5 August 2020. The search strategy was based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Studies (PICOS) framework and involved the use of synonyms and medical subject headings (MesH). Search terms were combined with Boolean operators (OR/AND). Results: Nine studies which met the inclusion criteria were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis, and four distinct areas were identified: the effect of dietary fibre on gut microbiota; the role of dietary fibre on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); glycaemic control; and adverse events. There was significant difference (p < 0.01) in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium with a mean difference of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.56, 0.89) between the dietary fibre group compared with placebo. In relation to the meta-analysis for SCFAs, while there was significant difference (p = 0.02) between the dietary fibre group and placebo with a standardised mean difference of 0.5 (95% CI, 0.08, 0.91) regarding total SCFAs, the differences were not significant (p > 0.05) in relation to acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. There was only significant improvement (p = 0.002) with respect to glycated haemoglobin with a mean difference of −0.18 (95% CI, −0.29, −0.06) between the dietary fibre group and placebo group. Differences between the two groups were not significant (p > 0.05) in relation to fasting blood glucose and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two groups in subjects who reported adverse events. It is possible that the promotion of SCFA producers in greater diversity and abundance by dietary fibre in this review led to improvement in glycated haemoglobin, partly due to increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production. In addition, Bifidobacterium lactis has been reported to increase glycogen synthesis, decrease expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis genes, improve translocation of glucose transport-4 and promote glucose uptake. It is also possible that the reduction in body weight of participants in the intervention group compared with control may have contributed to the observed improvement in glycated haemoglobin. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis have demonstrated that dietary fibre can significantly improve (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, total SCFAs and glycated haemoglobin. However, dietary fibre did not appear to have significant effect (p > 0.05) on fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and adverse events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nutrition and Diabetes)
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21 pages, 2125 KiB  
Review
Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Lipid Mediators
by Juan Salazar, Lissé Angarita, Valery Morillo, Carla Navarro, María Sofía Martínez, Maricarmen Chacín, Wheeler Torres, Arush Rajotia, Milagros Rojas, Clímaco Cano, Roberto Añez, Joselyn Rojas and Valmore Bermudez
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3039; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103039 - 03 Oct 2020
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 6250
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an inflammatory clinical entity with different mechanisms involved in its physiopathology. Among these, the dysfunction of the gut microbiota stands out. Currently, it is understood that lipid products derived from the gut microbiota are capable of interacting with cells [...] Read more.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an inflammatory clinical entity with different mechanisms involved in its physiopathology. Among these, the dysfunction of the gut microbiota stands out. Currently, it is understood that lipid products derived from the gut microbiota are capable of interacting with cells from the immune system and have an immunomodulatory effect. In the presence of dysbiosis, the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) increases, favoring damage to the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory environment prevails, and a state of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is present. Conversely, during eubiosis, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) is fundamental for the maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal barrier as well as for immunogenic tolerance and appetite/satiety perception, leading to a protective effect. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that alterations or dysregulation of the gut microbiota can be reversed by modifying the eating habits of the patients or with the administration of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics. Similarly, different studies have demonstrated that drugs like Metformin are capable of modifying the composition of the gut microbiota, promoting changes in the biosynthesis of LPS, and the metabolism of SCFA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nutrition and Diabetes)
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