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Nutrients
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Dietary Factors and Interventions for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
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Dietary Factors and Interventions for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2023) | Viewed by 11517

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Auriel A. Willette

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Interests: neuroimaging; cognitive neuroscience; neurobiology and brain physiology; neurodegenerative diseases; functional neuroscience; behavioral neuroscience; executive function; memory; neurodegeneration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition is an important lifestyle factor that can reduce the risk of future cognitive impairment and various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-related dementias. Dietary interventions may be a useful approach to slow cognitive decline or degree of cognitive impairment across the spectrum for AD and other dementias. Thus far, in older adults, certain nutrients such as folate, vitamin E, Ω-3 fatty acids, or food groups such as seafood, vegetables, and fruits have shown promising associations with cognitive outcomes or results in randomized clinical trials.

This Special Issue, “Dietary Interventions for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia”, focuses on how diet or nutritional components are related to cognitive decline, cognitive impairment, and risk or age of onset of dementia. Basic, translational, and/or clinical work is welcome. We consider several different types of manuscript submissions, including original research articles and up-to-date reviews (systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

Dr. Auriel A. Willette
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary intervention
  • dietary patterns
  • cognitive neuroscience
  • dementia
  • Alzheimer's disease

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1888 KiB  
Article
Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Influences Impact the Associations between Diet and Resting-State Functional Connectivity: A Study from the UK Biobank
by Tianqi Li, Auriel A. Willette, Qian Wang, Amy Pollpeter, Brittany A. Larsen, Parvin Mohammadiarvejeh and Mohammad Fili
Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3390; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153390 - 30 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1478
Abstract
Background: Red wine and dairy products have been staples in human diets for a long period. However, the impact of red wine and dairy intake on brain network activity remains ambiguous and requires further investigation. Methods: This study investigated the associations between dairy [...] Read more.
Background: Red wine and dairy products have been staples in human diets for a long period. However, the impact of red wine and dairy intake on brain network activity remains ambiguous and requires further investigation. Methods: This study investigated the associations between dairy and red wine consumption and seven neural networks’ connectivity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a sub-cohort of the UK Biobank database. Linear mixed models were employed to regress dairy and red wine consumption against the intrinsic functional connectivity for each neural network. Interactions with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk factors, including apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype, TOMM40 genotype, and family history of AD, were also assessed. Result: More red wine consumption was associated with enhanced connectivity in the central executive function network and posterior default mode network. Greater milk intake was correlated with more left executive function network connectivity, while higher cheese consumption was linked to reduced posterior default mode network connectivity. For participants without a family history of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increased red wine consumption was positively correlated with enhanced left executive function network connectivity. In contrast, participants with a family history of AD displayed diminished network connectivity in relation to their red wine consumption. The association between cheese consumption and neural network connectivity was influenced by APOE4 status, TOMM40 status, and family history, exhibiting contrasting patterns across different subgroups. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that family history modifies the relationship between red wine consumption and network strength. The interaction effects between cheese intake and network connectivity may vary depending on the presence of different genetic factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Interventions for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia)
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15 pages, 2930 KiB  
Article
Identification of Natural Compounds of the Apple as Inhibitors against Cholinesterase for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: An In Silico Molecular Docking Simulation and ADMET Study
by Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Mohammad Imran Khan, Ali H. Alharbi, Varish Ahmad and Brijesh Singh Yadav
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1579; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071579 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2196
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia in older people, causes neurological problems associated with memory and thinking. The key enzymes involved in Alzheimer’s disease pathways are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Because of this, there is a lot of interest [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia in older people, causes neurological problems associated with memory and thinking. The key enzymes involved in Alzheimer’s disease pathways are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Because of this, there is a lot of interest in finding new AChE inhibitors. Among compounds that are not alkaloids, flavonoids have stood out as good candidates. The apple fruit, Malus domestica (Rosaceae), is second only to cranberries regarding total phenolic compound concentration. Computational tools and biological databases were used to investigate enzymes and natural compounds. Molecular docking techniques were used to analyze the interactions of natural compounds of the apple with enzymes involved in the central nervous system (CNS), acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase, followed by binding affinity calculations using the AutoDock tool. The molecular docking results revealed that CID: 107905 exhibited the best interactions with AChE, with a binding affinity of −12.2 kcal/mol, and CID: 163103561 showed the highest binding affinity with BuChE, i.e., −11.2 kcal/mol. Importantly, it was observed that amino acid residue Trp286 of AChE was involved in hydrogen bond formation, Van Der Walls interactions, and Pi–Sigma/Pi–Pi interactions in the studied complexes. Moreover, the results of the Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS) analysis indicated interaction stability. This study shows that CID: 12000657 could be used as an AChE inhibitor and CID: 135398658 as a BuChE inhibitor to treat Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Interventions for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia)
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Review

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12 pages, 1666 KiB  
Review
Effect of Guarana (Paullinia cupana) on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Brian Hack, Eduardo Macedo Penna, Tyler Talik, Rohan Chandrashekhar and Mindy Millard-Stafford
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020434 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5577
Abstract
The plant extract guarana is known for its caffeine content and other bioactive ingredients, which purportedly may improve cognitive performance. Recent reviews have examined the effects of chronic supplementation of guarana in clinical populations; however, the acute effects of guarana on cognitive tasks, [...] Read more.
The plant extract guarana is known for its caffeine content and other bioactive ingredients, which purportedly may improve cognitive performance. Recent reviews have examined the effects of chronic supplementation of guarana in clinical populations; however, the acute effects of guarana on cognitive tasks, while of interest, have produced mixed results. Whether acute guarana ingestion improves human cognitive performance was assessed by performing a systematic review coupled with a meta-analysis. Eight placebo-controlled studies were identified and met the inclusion criteria providing data on 328 participants. The dose of guarana (37.5 to 500 mg) with reported caffeine content (4.3 to 100 mg) varied. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated as the standardized mean difference and meta-analyses were completed using a random-effects model. The ESs for guarana averaged across a variety of cognitive measures and outcome variables were less than trivial (Hedge’s g = 0.076, p = 0.14). Using a subgroup meta-analysis (Q = 12.9, p < 0.001), ESs indicating a faster response time for guarana vs. a placebo (g = 0.202, p = 0.005) differed from the accuracy measures (g = −0.077, p = 0.4) which were non-significant. For response time, guarana ingested in a capsule (g = 0.111) tended to differ (Q = 2.96, p = 0.085) compared to guarana when dissolved in liquid (g = 0.281). Meta-regression of the study ESs of overall cognitive task performance was not related to the guarana dose (R2 < 0.001) or to the time allowed prior to cognitive testing (R2 < 0.001). Acute guarana ingestion had a small effect on the response time (faster performance) during a variety of cognitive tasks without affecting the accuracy. Whether the changes were linked to the caffeine content or other bioavailable substances in guarana is unknown. Additional studies that directly compare matched doses of caffeine versus guarana are needed to understand its effects on cognitive performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Interventions for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia)
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Other

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1 pages, 191 KiB  
Reply
Reply to Gurney, T.; Ronca, F. Comment on “Hack et al. Effect of Guarana (Paullinia cupana) on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023, 15, 434”
by Brian Hack, Eduardo Macedo Penna, Tyler Talik, Rohan Chandrashekhar and Mindy Millard-Stafford
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 2001; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15082001 - 21 Apr 2023
Viewed by 677
Abstract
We thank Dr. Gurney for his interest and comment [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Interventions for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia)
2 pages, 183 KiB  
Comment
Comment on Hack et al. Effect of Guarana (Paullinia cupana) on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023, 15, 434
by Tom Gurney and Flaminia Ronca
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 2000; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15082000 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1143
Abstract
We have read the recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Hack et al. [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Interventions for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia)
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