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Nutrients
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Nutritional Support for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood
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Nutritional Support for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 August 2023) | Viewed by 8737

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Banderali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy
Interests: nutrition; eating disorders; metabolic diseases; breastfeeding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cristina Pederiva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Service for Dyslipidemias, Study and Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Childhood, Pediatrics Unit, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
Interests: nutrition; lipid metabolism disorders; cardiovascular prevention in pediatric age; metabolic diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a new Special Issue entitled “Nutritional Support for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in childhood” in Nutrients, a peer-reviewed scientific journal indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). The latest released impact factor for this journal is 5.719 (Journal Citation Report, 2020 Edition).

It is widely known that atherosclerosis begins in the perinatal period and evolves throughout childhood and adolescence into adulthood. Preventive strategies must thus be seriously considered and implemented starting from the pediatric stage, in the first years of life. Furthermore, nutrition is a crucially important and positive epigenetic factor for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in childhood. This Special Issue welcomes original research articles presenting quantitative or qualitative data as well as reviews on nutritional intervention and support in cardiovascular disease in pediatric patients.

Dr. Giuseppe Banderali
Dr. Cristina Pederiva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • atherosclerosis
  • cardiovascular disease
  • early prevention

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1194 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Treatment in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Effect on Lipid Profile
by Maria Elena Capra, Cristina Pederiva, Claudia Viggiano, Enrico Fabrizi, Giuseppe Banderali and Giacomo Biasucci
Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2817; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142817 - 08 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1678
Abstract
Background and aims: Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is characterised by a genetic alteration in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol that leads to elevated levels of total cholesterol (CT) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and early onset of atherosclerosis. According to the current guidelines, [...] Read more.
Background and aims: Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is characterised by a genetic alteration in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol that leads to elevated levels of total cholesterol (CT) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and early onset of atherosclerosis. According to the current guidelines, diet and promotion of healthy habits are first-line treatments. Little is known about the effectiveness of cholesterol-lowering diet and healthy lifestyle habits on plasma cholesterol and lipid profile in children and adolescents with FH. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the nutritional counseling on plasma lipid profile in FH children at the first step of treatment. Methods: 115 FH children (2–17 years) were included in the study; dietary habits were evaluated through a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and blood samples for lipid profile were collected at the enrollment (T0) and six months later (T1). Results: the lipid profile at T0 and T1, expressed as mean ± standard deviation in mg/dL, was, respectively: total cholesterol 285.9 ± 51.1 and 276.6 ± 46.8 (paired test difference p value < 0.01), LDL-cholesterol 214.9 ± 47.7 and 206.4 ± 46.6 (p value < 0.01), HDL-cholesterol 52.9 ± 13 and 54.4 ± 11.5 (p value 0.07), triglycerides 87 ± 46.7 and 82.2 ± 38.4 (p value 0.4), non-HDL cholesterol 233 ± 51.4 and 222.2 ± 47.4 (p < 0.01). In the dietary habits (weekly portions) we observed an improvement (p ≤ 001) for fruit and vegetables, fish, pulses, whole foods, and a reduction (p < 0.01) for meat, sausages, cheese, junk foods consumption. Conclusions: In FH children we have highlighted an improvement of the plasma lipid profile and in healthy dietary habits after nutritional counseling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood)
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Review

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28 pages, 796 KiB  
Review
Dietary Models and Cardiovascular Risk Prevention in Pediatric Patients
by Maria Elena Capra, Delia Monopoli, Nicola Mattia Decarolis, Antonella Giudice, Brigida Stanyevic, Susanna Esposito and Giacomo Biasucci
Nutrients 2023, 15(16), 3664; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15163664 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2308
Abstract
Nutritional intervention is worldwide recognized as a first step treatment for subjects with increased cardiovascular risk and it is of utmost importance especially for children and adolescents. Currently scientific evidence supports the role of dietary patterns instead of simple single nutrients or foods [...] Read more.
Nutritional intervention is worldwide recognized as a first step treatment for subjects with increased cardiovascular risk and it is of utmost importance especially for children and adolescents. Currently scientific evidence supports the role of dietary patterns instead of simple single nutrients or foods in cardiovascular risk prevention. Indeed, the American Heart Association dietary guidelines have expanded beyond nutrients to dietary pattern, that comprise not only single food items but also behavioral or cultural habits of specific populations. The aim of our narrative review is to analyze the most frequently adopted dietary patterns in children and adolescents and to evaluate their effect on cardiovascular risk factors and in cardiovascular risk prevention. Literature review showed that children cannot be considered as little adults: nutritional intervention must always grant adequate growth and neurodevelopment before reaching the proposed goals, therefore dietary patterns considered heart-healthy for adult subjects might not be suitable for pediatric patients. Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, Nordic diet and some plant-based diets seem to be the most promising dietary patterns in terms of cardiovascular health in the developmental age, even if further studies are needed to better standardize and analyze their effect on growing up individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood)
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19 pages, 902 KiB  
Review
Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Effects on Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood: A Narrative Review
by Maria Elena Capra, Brigida Stanyevic, Antonella Giudice, Delia Monopoli, Nicola Mattia Decarolis, Susanna Esposito and Giacomo Biasucci
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1661; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071661 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1816
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are semi-essential fatty acids widely studied in adult subjects for their healthy-heart effects, especially on secondary prevention in patients who already experienced a cardiac event. LCPUFAs consumption is safe, without adverse effects, and they are usually well-tolerated; they [...] Read more.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are semi-essential fatty acids widely studied in adult subjects for their healthy-heart effects, especially on secondary prevention in patients who already experienced a cardiac event. LCPUFAs consumption is safe, without adverse effects, and they are usually well-tolerated; they can be taken either in foods or as nutritional supplements. LCPUFAs’ positive effect on global health has been worldwide recognized also for pediatric patients. In childhood and adolescence, research has mainly focused on LCPUFAs’ effects on neurodevelopment, brain and visual functions and on maternal–fetal medicine, yet their cardiovascular effects in childhood are still understudied. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process that starts even before birth and progresses throughout life; thus, cardiovascular prevention is advisable and effective from the very first years of life. Nutritional and lifestyle interventions are the main factors that can interfere with atherosclerosis in childhood, and the consumption of specific nutrients, such as LCPUFAs, can enhance positive nutritional effects. The aim of our narrative review is to analyze the effect of LCPUFAs on cardiovascular risk factors and on cardiovascular risk prevention in developmental age, focusing on specific conditions such as weight excess and dyslipidemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood)
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15 pages, 789 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia in Childhood: From Healthy-Heart Counselling to Life-Saving Diet
by Maria Elena Capra, Giacomo Biasucci, Giuseppe Banderali and Cristina Pederiva
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1088; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051088 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2209
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a lipid disorder with a varying prevalence; it is very common if we consider triglyceride plasma values slightly above the threshold, whereas it is extremely rare if only severely elevated triglyceride levels are considered. In most cases, severe forms of hypertriglyceridemia [...] Read more.
Hypertriglyceridemia is a lipid disorder with a varying prevalence; it is very common if we consider triglyceride plasma values slightly above the threshold, whereas it is extremely rare if only severely elevated triglyceride levels are considered. In most cases, severe forms of hypertriglyceridemia are caused by genetic mutations in the genes that regulate triglyceride metabolism, thus leading to extreme triglyceride plasma values and acute pancreatitis risk. Secondary forms of hypertriglyceridemia are usually less severe and are mainly associated with weight excess, but they can also be linked to liver, kidney, endocrinologic, or autoimmune diseases or to some class of drugs. Nutritional intervention is the milestone treatment for patients with hypertriglyceridemia and it has to be modulated on the underlying cause and on triglyceride plasma levels. In pediatric patients, nutritional intervention must be tailored according to specific age-related energy, growth and neurodevelopment requests. Nutritional intervention is extremely strict in case of severe hypertriglyceridemia, whereas it is similar to good healthy nutritional habits counselling for mild forms, mainly related to wrong habits and lifestyles, and to secondary causes. The aim of this narrative review is to define different nutritional intervention for various forms of hypertriglyceridemia in children and adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood)
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