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Nutrients
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The Role of Precise and Personalized Nutrition on Athletes
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The Role of Precise and Personalized Nutrition on Athletes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 33237

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eduardo Iglesias-Gutiérrez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
Interests: molecular response to exercise; epigenetics; sports nutrition and metabolism; microbiota and performance; exercise animal models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The need for optimal adherence to nutritional recommendations to optimize athletic performance, recovery, and adaptation has been widely reported. However the recommendations available are not always sport- or gender-specific, and, in most cases, they focus on a few key nutrients. The precise measurement of the nutritional needs of athletes is essential for the development of better and more personalized nutritional recommendations. Furthermore, a comprehensive dietary analysis approach may be useful for identifying potential targets for future educational nutrition interventions in order to optimize adherence to nutritional recommendations.

This Special Issue, “The Role of Precise and Personalized Nutrition on Athletes”, invites authors to submit manuscripts detailing the measurement of the specific metabolic demands and nutritional needs of athletes under different circumstances, as well as their usual nutritional intakes and eating habits. The aim is to provide updated information on nutritional needs, objectives, and recommendations.

Dr. Eduardo Iglesias-Gutiérrez

Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Athletes
  • Nutritional needs
  • Food timing
  • Precision nutritional recommendations
  • Comprehensive nutritional intake analysis
  • Personalized nutrition interventions

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2032 KiB  
Article
The Performance Effect of Scheduled Carbohydrate and Caffeine Intake during Simulated Team Sport Match-Play
by John Keane, Aidan Shovlin, Simon Devenney, Shane Malone, Damien Young, Giuseppe Coratella, Kieran Collins and Marcus Shortall
Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 1926; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071926 - 29 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3573
Abstract
The aim of the current investigation was to identify the effects of scheduled carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) supplementation on simulated team sport match-play performance. Ten male hurling players completed three hurling match-play simulation protocols (HSP) performed 7 days apart in a double-blind, [...] Read more.
The aim of the current investigation was to identify the effects of scheduled carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) supplementation on simulated team sport match-play performance. Ten male hurling players completed three hurling match-play simulation protocols (HSP) performed 7 days apart in a double-blind, randomized design. Supplementation included CHO, CHO + CAF, and placebo (PLA). In a randomized order, participants ingested either a 6% CHO solution, a PLA solution of similar taste, or a combined intake of 6% CHO solution + 200 mg CAF capsule. At specific time points (Pre-0 min; half time (HT)-30 min; full time (FT)-60 min), participants completed a repeated sprint protocol (RAST; 12 × 20 m). Physiological [% maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max), % mean oxygen uptake (%VO2mean), % maximal heart rate (%HRmax), % mean heart rate (%HRmean), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and blood lactate (BLa)] and performance [(best sprint time (RSAbest), mean sprint time (RSAmean), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE)] variables were monitored throughout each simulation. Non-significant differences were observed between supplement trials (CHO, CHO + CAF, and PLA) for BLa (η2 = 0.001, small), %VO2max (η2 = 0.001, small), %VO2mean (η2 = 0.004, small), %HRmax (η2 = 0.007, small), %HRmean (η2 = 0.018, small), RER (η2 = 0.007, small), RPE (η2 = 0.007, small), and RSAbest (η2 = 0.050, small). RSAmean performance significantly improved in CHO + CAF trials compared to PLA, with sprint times significantly improved from Pre to FT also (η2 = 0.135, medium). A significant difference was observed in BLa between time points (Pre, HT, and FT) (η2 = 0.884, large) in % HRmax (η2 = 0.202, medium), %HRmean (η2 = 0.477, large), and RER (η2 = 0.554, large) across halves and in RPE across time points (η2 = 0.670, large). Our data provide novel data regarding the effects of CHO and CAF supplementation on team sport performance, with co-ingestion of CHO + CAF reducing the decrement in repeated sprint performance compared to PLA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Precise and Personalized Nutrition on Athletes)
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10 pages, 840 KiB  
Article
Effects of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Physical Performance in Highly Competitive Tennis Players
by Álvaro López-Samanes, Alberto Pérez-López, Victor Moreno-Pérez, Fabio Yuzo Nakamura, Jorge Acebes-Sánchez, Iñaki Quintana-Milla, Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver, Diego Moreno-Pérez, Valentín Emilio Fernández-Elías and Raúl Domínguez
Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020584 - 23 Feb 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6557
Abstract
Beetroot juice (BJ) contains high levels of inorganic nitrate (NO3−) and its intake has good evidence in increasing blood nitrate/nitrite concentrations. The ingestion of BJ has been associated with improvements in physical performance of endurance sports, however the literature in [...] Read more.
Beetroot juice (BJ) contains high levels of inorganic nitrate (NO3−) and its intake has good evidence in increasing blood nitrate/nitrite concentrations. The ingestion of BJ has been associated with improvements in physical performance of endurance sports, however the literature in intermittent sports is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BJ could improve physical performance in tennis players. Thirteen well-trained tennis players (25.4 ± 5.1 years) participated in the study during their preparatory period for the tennis season. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups and performed a neuromuscular test battery after either BJ or placebo (PLA) consumption. Both trials were executed on two separate days, in randomized order, with one week of wash out period. The test battery consisted of serve velocity test (SVT), countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric handgrip strength (IHS), 5-0-5 agility test (5-0-5), and 10 m sprint (10-m). No significant differences were found in SVT (1.19%; p = 0.536), CMJ (0.96%; p = 0.327), IHS (4.06%; p = 0.069), 5-0-5 dominant and nondominant side (1.11–2.02%; p = 0.071–0.191) and 10-m (1.05%; p = 0.277) when comparing BJ and PLA ingestion. Thus, our data suggest that low doses of BJ (70 mL) consumption do not enhance tennis physical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Precise and Personalized Nutrition on Athletes)
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Review

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28 pages, 1419 KiB  
Review
Deciphering the Role of Polyphenols in Sports Performance: From Nutritional Genomics to the Gut Microbiota toward Phytonutritional Epigenomics
by Vincenzo Sorrenti, Stefano Fortinguerra, Giada Caudullo and Alessandro Buriani
Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1265; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051265 - 29 Apr 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 11471
Abstract
The individual response to nutrients and non-nutrient molecules can be largely affected by three important biological layers. The gut microbiome can alter the bioavailability of nutrients and other substances, the genome can influence molecule kinetics and dynamics, while the epigenome can modulate or [...] Read more.
The individual response to nutrients and non-nutrient molecules can be largely affected by three important biological layers. The gut microbiome can alter the bioavailability of nutrients and other substances, the genome can influence molecule kinetics and dynamics, while the epigenome can modulate or amplify the properties of the genome. Today the use of omic techniques and bioinformatics, allow the construction of individual multilayer networks and thus the identification of personalized strategies that have recently been considered in all medical fields, including sports medicine. The composition of each athlete’s microbiome influences sports performance both directly by acting on energy metabolism and indirectly through the modulation of nutrient or non-nutrient molecule availability that ultimately affects the individual epigenome and the genome. Among non-nutrient molecules polyphenols can potentiate physical performances through different epigenetic mechanisms. Polyphenols interact with the gut microbiota, undergoing extensive metabolism to produce bioactive molecules, which act on transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant systems, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and DNA repair. This review focuses on polyphenols effects in sports performance considering the individual microbiota, epigenomic asset, and the genomic characteristics of athletes to understand how their supplementation could potentially help to modulate muscle inflammation and improve recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Precise and Personalized Nutrition on Athletes)
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Other

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2 pages, 206 KiB  
Comment
Comment on: “Indirect Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Content in Professional Soccer Players Before and After a Match Through a Non-Invasive Ultrasound Technology Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 971”
by Niels Ørtenblad, Joachim Nielsen, Kasper D. Gejl, Harry E. Routledge, James P. Morton, Graeme L. Close, David C. Niemann, Julia L. Bone and Louise M. Burke
Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 2070; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072070 - 13 Jul 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2983
Abstract
San-Millán and colleagues [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Precise and Personalized Nutrition on Athletes)
5 pages, 715 KiB  
Reply
Reply to Comment On: “Indirect Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Content in Professional Soccer Players before and after a Match through a Non-Invasive Ultrasound Technology Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 971”
by Iñigo San-Millán, John C. Hill and Julio Calleja-González
Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072066 - 12 Jul 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3354
Abstract
We would like to thank Professor Niels Ørtenblad et al [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Precise and Personalized Nutrition on Athletes)
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9 pages, 1313 KiB  
Brief Report
Indirect Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Content in Professional Soccer Players before and after a Match through a Non-Invasive Ultrasound Technology
by Iñigo San-Millán, John C. Hill and Julio Calleja-González
Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040971 - 01 Apr 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4670
Abstract
Skeletal muscle glycogen (SMG) stores in highly glycolytic activities regulate muscle contraction by controlling calcium release and uptake from sarcoplasmic reticulum, which could affect muscle contraction. Historically, the assessment of SMG was performed through invasive and non-practical muscle biopsies. In this study we [...] Read more.
Skeletal muscle glycogen (SMG) stores in highly glycolytic activities regulate muscle contraction by controlling calcium release and uptake from sarcoplasmic reticulum, which could affect muscle contraction. Historically, the assessment of SMG was performed through invasive and non-practical muscle biopsies. In this study we have utilized a novel methodology to assess SMG through a non-invasive high-frequency ultrasound. Nine MLS professional soccer players (180.4 ± 5.9 cm; 72.4 ± 9.3 kg; 10.4% ± 0.7% body fat) participated. All followed the nutritional protocol 24 h before the official match as well as performing the same practice program the entire week leading to the match. The SMG decreased from 80 ± 8.6 to 63.9 ± 10.2; p = 0.005 on MuscleSound® score (0–100) representing a 20% ± 10.4% decrease in muscle glycogen after match. Inter-individual differences in both starting glycogen content (65–90) and in percentage decrease in glycogen after the match (between 6.2% and 44.5%). Some players may not start the match with adequate SMG while others’ SMG decreased significantly throughout the game. Adequate pre-match SMG should be achieved during half-time and game-play in order to mitigate the decrease in glycogen. Further and more ample studies are needed before the application of this technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Precise and Personalized Nutrition on Athletes)
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