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Diet, Nutrition, and Abdominal Obesity

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Obesity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2023) | Viewed by 7454

Special Issue Editor

Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Interests: adipose tissue; insulin resistance; adipocytes; insulin; fat metabolism; glucose metabolism; inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A person's body fat distribution regulates the risk of obesity. Fat collected deep in the central abdomen of the body, called visceral fat, will lead to abdominal obesity, which will bring a greater risk of chronic disease and death compared with excess fat (subcutaneous fat) under the skin of the abdomen, thighs, hips, and legs. Abdominal obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, which can lead to heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and related death. Although there are many studies on nutrition and/or lifestyle intervention in the prevention and treatment of abdominal obesity, the most effective method is still to limit energy intake and increase energy output through exercise. There is still a need for further research to explore new therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat abdominal obesity. The purpose of this Special Issue is, therefore, to collect contributions regarding the effects that nutrients, phytochemicals, functional foods, dietary patterns, dietary timing, lifestyle, etc., have on the regulation of body weight, adiposity in the abdomen, and measures of metabolic health. This Special Issue invites the submission of original research articles, short communications, and systematic reviews.

Dr. Xin Guo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • nutrition
  • dietary pattern
  • lifestyle interventions
  • gut microbiota
  • functional foods
  • time-restricted feeding
  • weight management
  • obesity
  • insulin resistance
  • metabolic syndrome
  • inflammation
  • nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • hyperlipidemia
  • hypertension

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3951 KiB  
Article
Post-Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding against Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice
by Narae Yun, Jiyeon Nah, Mi Nam Lee, Dayong Wu and Munkyong Pae
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2617; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112617 - 02 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2115
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown to improve the disordered metabolic and immunologic functions associated with obesity, however little is known about its post-effects after the cessation of TRF practice. In the current study, we determined how long the effects of TRF persist, [...] Read more.
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown to improve the disordered metabolic and immunologic functions associated with obesity, however little is known about its post-effects after the cessation of TRF practice. In the current study, we determined how long the effects of TRF persist, and whether the effects are tissue-dependent. There were four groups of mice in this study: overweight and obese mice were randomized into (1) TRF group (TRF for 6 weeks), (2) post-TRF group (TRF for 4 weeks and later ad libitum), (3) continuous ad libitum of high-fat diet (HFD-AL), and (4) the lean control-fed low-fat diet ad libitum. Blood, liver, and adipose tissues were collected to measure the metabolic, inflammatory, and immune cell parameters. The results showed that TRF withdrawal quickly led to increased body weight/adiposity and reversed fasting blood glucose. However, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index HOMA-IR remained lower in the post-TRF than in the HFD-AL group. In addition, TRF-induced reduction in blood monocytes waned in the post-TRF group, but the TRF effects on mRNA levels of proinflammatory immune cells (macrophages Adgre1 and Itgax) and cytokine (Tnf) in adipose tissue remained lower in the post-TRF group than in the HFD-AL group. Furthermore, the TRF group was protected from the down-regulation of Pparg mRNA expression in adipose tissue, which was also observed in the post-TRF group to a lesser extent. The post-TRF animals displayed liver mass similar to those in the TRF group, but the TRF effects on the mRNA of inflammation markers in the liver vanished completely. Together, these results indicate that, although the lasting effects of TRF may differ by tissues and genes, the impact of TRF on adipose tissue inflammation and immune cell infiltration could last a couple of weeks, which may, in part, contribute to the maintenance of insulin sensitivity even after the cessation of TRF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition, and Abdominal Obesity)
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10 pages, 310 KiB  
Article
The Fruit Intake–Adiposity Paradox: Findings from a Peruvian Cross-Sectional Study
by Jamee Guerra Valencia, Willy Ramos, Liliana Cruz-Ausejo, Jenny Raquel Torres-Malca, Joan A. Loayza-Castro, Gianella Zulema Zeñas-Trujillo, Norka Rocío Guillen Ponce, Fiorella E. Zuzunaga-Montoya, Mario J. Valladares-Garrido, Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce and Jhony A. De La Cruz-Vargas
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1183; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051183 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2281
Abstract
Due to the increase in obesity worldwide, international organizations have promoted the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, as part of which fruit consumption stands out. However, there are controversies regarding the role of fruit consumption in mitigating this disease. The objective of the [...] Read more.
Due to the increase in obesity worldwide, international organizations have promoted the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, as part of which fruit consumption stands out. However, there are controversies regarding the role of fruit consumption in mitigating this disease. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association between fruit intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a representative sample of Peruvians. This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Secondary data analysis was conducted using information from the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (2019–2021). The outcome variables were BMI and WC. The exploratory variable was fruit intake, which was expressed in three different presentations: portion, salad, and juice. A generalized linear model of the Gaussian family and identity link function were performed to obtain the crude and adjusted beta coefficients. A total of 98,741 subjects were included in the study. Females comprised 54.4% of the sample. In the multivariate analysis, for each serving of fruit intake, the BMI decreased by 0.15 kg/m2 (β = −0.15; 95% CI −0.24 to −0.07), while the WC was reduced by 0.40 cm (β = −0.40; 95% CI −0.52 to −0.27). A negative association between fruit salad intake and WC was found (β = −0.28; 95% CI −0.56 to −0.01). No statistically significant association between fruit salad intake and BMI was found. In the case of fruit juice, for each glass of juice consumed, the BMI increased by 0.27 kg/m2 (β = 0.27; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.40), while the WC increased by 0.40 cm (β = 0.40; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.60). Fruit intake per serving is negatively related to general body adiposity and central fat distribution, while fruit salad intake is negatively related to central distribution adiposity. However, the consumption of fruit in the form of juices is positively associated with a significant increase in BMI and WC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition, and Abdominal Obesity)
15 pages, 2465 KiB  
Article
Depot-Dependent Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding on Adipose Tissue Metabolism in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice
by Theresa Bushman, Te-Yueh Lin and Xiaoli Chen
Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010238 - 03 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2456
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is known to be an effective strategy for weight loss and metabolic health. TRF’s effect on metabolism is complex and likely acts on various pathways within multiple tissues. Adipose tissue plays a key role in systemic homeostasis of glucose and [...] Read more.
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is known to be an effective strategy for weight loss and metabolic health. TRF’s effect on metabolism is complex and likely acts on various pathways within multiple tissues. Adipose tissue plays a key role in systemic homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism. Adipose tissue dysregulation has been causally associated with metabolic disorders in obesity. However, it is largely unknown how TRF impacts metabolic pathways such as lipolysis, lipogenesis, and thermogenesis within different in adipose tissue depots in obesity. To determine this, we conducted a 10-week TRF regimen in male mice, previously on a long-term high fat diet (HFD) and subjected the mice to TRF of a HFD for 10 h per day or ad libitum. The TRF regimen showed reduction in weight gain. TRF restored HFD-induced impairment of adipogenesis and increased lipid storage in white adipose tissues. TRF also showed a depot-dependent effect in lipid metabolism and restored ATP-consuming futile cycle of lipogenesis and lipolysis that is impaired by HFD within epididymal adipose tissue, but not inguinal fat depot. We demonstrate that TRF may be a beneficial option as a dietary and lifestyle intervention in lowering bodyweight and improving adipose tissue metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition, and Abdominal Obesity)
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