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Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Autoimmunity: Relevance for the Gut–Brain Axis and Psychiatric Disorders

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 13285

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
Interests: gut microbiota; microbiome; genetics; autoimmunity; diet; precision nutrition; precision medicine; gut-brain axis; psychiatry and neuropediatrics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

You are invited to submit proposals for manuscripts that fit the objectives of this Special Issue, entitled “Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Autoimmunity: Relevance for the Gut–Brain Axis and Psychiatric Disorders”.

There is a significant link between autoimmune diseases and psychiatric disorders. Many of the reported immune risk factors for the development of brain disorders are related to dysfunctions occurring in the gut, and immune dysregulation seems to be a relevant etiological factor involved in complex brain disorders, at least in certain subgroups of subjects. Among the potential factors accountable for the autoimmune–psychiatric comorbidity beyond immune-related genetic markers, diet and gut microbiota are known to play key roles in controlling inflammation through the modulation of the immune system. These two modifiable environmental factors—gut microbiota and diet—are considered crucial determinants of both mental health and autoimmunity. Based on this fact, and having the added benefit of being considered by most people as more potentially free of side effects, dietary interventions including probiotic supplementations rank very highly among desired potential new strategies for improving the management of autoimmune and mental disorders. The notion of disrupted immunological pathways playing a role in the etiology of a subset of subjects with psychiatric disorders has received growing interest and, based on the awareness of the need for moving toward personalized medicine and nutrition, the identification of subgroups of patients with psychiatric disorders with ongoing inflammatory processes could help this immune-mediated psychiatric group to benefit from more targeted treatments or strategies.

The objective of this proposed Special Issue on “Diet, Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity: Relevance for the Gut–Brain Axis and Psychiatric Disorders” is to publish selected papers (reviews and/or clinical or experimental studies) detailing specific aspects of nutrition and gut microbiota that could contribute to protection from both autoimmune and psychiatric disorders, as well as that could help to decrease the rising comorbidity between these inflammation-related conditions through the modulation of the gut–brain axis.

In this issue, we look at the role of diet and gut microbiota in the management of autoimmune conditions, psychiatric disorders, and especially in managing autoimmune–psychiatric comorbidity.

Dr. Maria Carmen Cenit
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • gut microbiota
  • inflammation
  • autoimmunity
  • psychiatry
  • immuno-psychiatry
  • gut–brain axis
  • precision nutrition
  • precision medicine

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2656 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Potential of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 as Promising Psychobiotics Using SHIME
by Fellipe Lopes De Oliveira, Mateus Kawata Salgaço, Marina Toscano de Oliveira, Victoria Mesa, Adilson Sartoratto, Antonio Medeiros Peregrino, Williams Santos Ramos and Katia Sivieri
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061521 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5081
Abstract
Psychobiotics are probiotics that have the characteristics of modulating central nervous system (CNS) functions or reconciled actions by the gut–brain axis (GBA) through neural, humoral and metabolic pathways to improve gastrointestinal activity as well as anxiolytic and even antidepressant abilities. The aim of [...] Read more.
Psychobiotics are probiotics that have the characteristics of modulating central nervous system (CNS) functions or reconciled actions by the gut–brain axis (GBA) through neural, humoral and metabolic pathways to improve gastrointestinal activity as well as anxiolytic and even antidepressant abilities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 on the gut microbiota of mildly anxious adults using SHIME®. The protocol included a one-week control period and two weeks of treatment with L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175. Ammonia (NH4+), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), cytokines and microbiota composition were determined. Probiotic strains decreased significantly throughout the gastric phase. The highest survival rates were exhibited by L. helveticus R0052 (81.58%; 77.22%) after the gastric and intestinal phase when compared to B. longum (68.80%; 64.64%). At the genus level, a taxonomic assignment performed in the ascending colon in the SHIME® model showed that probiotics (7 and 14 days) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Olsenella and significantly decreased Lachnospira and Escheria-Shigella. The probiotic treatment (7 and 14 days) decreased (p < 0.001) NH4+ production when compared to the control period. For SCFAs, we observed after probiotic treatment (14 days) an increase (p < 0.001) in acetic acid production and total SCFAs when compared to the control period. Probiotic treatment increased (p < 0.001) the secretion of anti-inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-10) and decreased (p < 0.001) pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha) when compared to the control period. The gut–brain axis plays an important role in the gut microbiota, producing SCFAs and GABA, stimulating the production of anti-anxiety homeostasis. The signature of the microbiota in anxiety disorders provides a promising direction for the prevention of mental illness and opens a new perspective for using the psychobiotic as a main actor of therapeutic targets. Full article
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Review

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18 pages, 910 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Microbiome-Brain-Gut Axis in the Pathogenesis of Depressive Disorder
by Ewelina Młynarska, Joanna Gadzinowska, Julita Tokarek, Joanna Forycka, Aleksandra Szuman, Beata Franczyk and Jacek Rysz
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1921; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091921 - 04 May 2022
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 7401
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota and its association with the central nervous system via the microbiome-brain-gut axis has been widely discussed in the literature. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the development of depression and [...] Read more.
The role of gut microbiota and its association with the central nervous system via the microbiome-brain-gut axis has been widely discussed in the literature. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the development of depression and underlying molecular mechanisms. There are two possible pathways in which this interaction might occur. The first one suggests that depressive disorder could lead to dysbiosis and one of the causes may be the influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The second one considers if changes in the composition of gut microbiota might cause depressive disorder. The mechanisms that could be responsible for this interaction include the secretion of neurotransmitters, gut peptides and the activation of the immune system. However, current knowledge on this topic does not allow for us to state an unambiguous conclusion, and future studies that take into consideration more precise stress-measurement methods are needed to further explore direct mechanisms of the interaction between gut microbiota and mental health. Full article
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