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Nutrition and Exercise Interventions in Middle-Aged and/or Elderly Adults

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 February 2024) | Viewed by 3308

Special Issue Editor

Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
Interests: exercise; physical activity; aging; cardiovascular diseases; obesity; diabetes; molecular mechanism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Habitual aerobic and/or resistance exercise reduces the risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, sarcopenia (reductions in muscle mass and function) and so on. Additionally, foods and nutritional supplements have beneficial effects on health in middle-aged and/or elderly adults. Selection of the appropriate foods and nutritional supplements for health in middle-aged and/or elderly adults may enhance the effects of exercise additively or synergistically. Furthermore, it may be effective to combine with foods and nutritional supplements as a reinforcement to obtain exercise effects, even with low-intensity and short-duration exercise. However, this evidence is still insufficient and further studies are needed for a clear understanding of the effects of combined nutrition and exercise.

This Special Issue in Nutrients, entitled "Exercise and Nutrition Interventions in Middle-Aged and/or Elderly Adults", welcomes the submission of manuscripts describing either original research or systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Exercise and nutrition interventions (especially RCT intervention design studies) in patients as well as healthy subjects are welcome. Human and animal studies that elucidate the mechanisms of combined interventions are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Motoyuki Iemitsu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition and exercise interventions
  • cardiovascular function
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • sarcopenia
  • foods and nutritional supplements
  • molecular mechanism

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 334 KiB  
Article
Combined Aerobic Training and Mediterranean Diet Is Not Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults
by Hélio José Coelho-Júnior, Riccardo Calvani, Anna Picca, Stefano Cacciatore, Matteo Tosato, Francesco Landi and Emanuele Marzetti
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2963; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132963 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1271
Abstract
Previous studies found a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults engaged in regular aerobic training (AT) or with greater adherence to a Mediterranean (MED) diet. However, the effect of their combination on sarcopenia indices is unknown. The present study tested the association [...] Read more.
Previous studies found a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults engaged in regular aerobic training (AT) or with greater adherence to a Mediterranean (MED) diet. However, the effect of their combination on sarcopenia indices is unknown. The present study tested the association between AT plus a MED diet and the presence of sarcopenia and its defining elements in a sample of Italian older adults enrolled in the Longevity Check-up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project. Analyses were conducted in participants 65+ years, with a body mass index of at least 18.5 kg/m2, engaged in regular AT, and without missing information for the variables of interest. MED diet adherence was evaluated via a modified version of the MEDI-LITE score and categorized as low, moderate, or high. The presence of sarcopenia was established by handgrip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) values below sex-specific cut-points recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Data from 491 older adults were analyzed for the present study. The mean age was 72.7 ± 5.7 years, and 185 (37.7%) were women. MED diet adherence was low in 59 (12.0%) participants, moderate in 283 (57.6%), and high in 149 (30.3%). Sarcopenia was identified in 26 participants (5.3%), with no differences across MED diet adherence groups. The results of binary logistic regression showed no significant associations between AT plus adherence to a MED diet and dynapenia, low ASM, or sarcopenia. The findings of the present study indicate that the combination of AT with a MED diet is not associated with a lower probability of sarcopenia or its defining elements in Italian older adults enrolled in Lookup 7+. Further research is warranted to establish whether exercise frequency, volume, intensity, and length of engagement in AT impact the association between MED diet and sarcopenia. Full article
14 pages, 858 KiB  
Article
Dioscorea esculenta Intake with Resistance Training Improves Muscle Quantity and Quality in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Keiko Iemitsu, Shumpei Fujie, Masataka Uchida, Kenichiro Inoue, Yasushi Shinohara and Motoyuki Iemitsu
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2438; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112438 - 24 May 2023
Viewed by 1588
Abstract
Resistance training and Dioscorea esculenta intake have a positive effect on muscle. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether 12-week Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with resistance exercise more effectively improves muscle quantity, quality, and cardiometabolic parameters in healthy middle-aged and older adults. This study [...] Read more.
Resistance training and Dioscorea esculenta intake have a positive effect on muscle. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether 12-week Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with resistance exercise more effectively improves muscle quantity, quality, and cardiometabolic parameters in healthy middle-aged and older adults. This study is a double-blind trial with 66 volunteers (21 males/45 females; age 53 ± 5 years; body weight 61 ± 11 kg; BMI 24 ± 4 kg) who were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary-control with placebo (Sed and PL) or Dioscorea (Sed and Dio) and resistance training with placebo (RT and PL) or Dioscorea (RT and Dio). Resistance training sessions using elastic bands were performed 3 days/week for a 12-week period. Dioscorea esculenta tablets were ingested at 2000 mg/day once per day. The RT and Dio group showed greater improvements in the femoris muscle’s thickness, echo intensity for the rectus femoris (index of muscle quality), and the five times sit-to-stand test compared to that of the Sed and PL group; the echo intensity in the RT and Dio group further improved compared to those in the Sed and Dio, and RT and PL groups (p < 0.05). The circulating levels of C1q (a potential biomarker of muscle fibrosis) in the RT and Dio group were significantly lower than those in the Sed and PL, and Sed and Dio groups (p < 0.05). Chronic Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with low-intensity resistance exercise may more effectively improve muscle quantity and quality indices in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Full article
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