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Nutrients
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Dietary Protein Intake and Bone Health
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Dietary Protein Intake and Bone Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Proteins and Amino Acids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 5442

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: adipokines; bone metabolism; child health; diet; nutrition; antioxidants; metabolic diseases; vitamin D
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Grazyna Rowicka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nutrition Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: gastroenterology; diet-related diseases; food allergy and intolerance; celiac; childhood obesity; child health; nutrition; oxidative stress; body composition
Dr. Magdalena Chełchowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: pregnancy; maternal and child health; oxidative stress; antioxidants; erythropoiesis; childhood obesity; maternal tobacco smoking; metabolic diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Joanna Gajewska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: bone metabolism; childhood obesity; adipokines; oxidative stress; child health; antioxidants; metabolic diseases; vitamin D
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well known that dietary factors are closely correlated with bone health. The organic matrix of bone consists of collagen and a variety of non-collagenous proteins, so an adequate dietary intake of protein, minerals, and vitamins would seem to be essential for optimal acquisition and maintenance of bone mass. Considerable attention has been focused on a balanced diet and dietary protein’s role in childhood and adolescence, periods of growth and development. It is known that animal protein and plant protein differ in some essential amino acids, so adequate protein intake, both in terms of quality and quantity, are crucial for proper muscle-skeletal status.

The beneficial effects of protein include its anabolic effect on bone, through the increase of insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and the positive link between dietary protein and calcium absorption by the gastrointestinal track. On the other hand, protein-rich diets being more acidic may lead to bone demineralization. Bone metabolism is highly responsive to multiple factors and diet is one of those that can affect both bone growth and loss. Inadequate diet nutrient composition could contribute to bone remodeling imbalance, which may lead to bone mass loss, osteoporosis, and higher fracture risk.

We invite you to submit your latest research findings or review articles to this Special Issue of Nutrients, which will gather current research on the role of nutrition, especially dietary protein intake, and its quality and quantity in bone health in children, adolescents, and adults.

Potential topics may include, but are not limited to, associations between dietary patterns, macro- and micronutrients intake and bone health outcomes measured by bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and biochemical bone turnover markers. The assessment of bone quality may be helpful in developing strategies to prevent low bone mass and osteoporosis.

Dr. Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
Prof. Dr. Grazyna Rowicka
Prof. Dr. Magdalena Chełchowska
Dr. Joanna Gajewska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • dietary pattern
  • vegetarian diet
  • protein quality and quantity
  • amino acids
  • body composition
  • bone mineral density
  • bone metabolism markers
  • metabolic disease
  • osteopenia and osteoporosis
  • children and adolescents

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 314 KiB  
Article
Muscle and Bone Health in Young Chilean Adults with Phenylketonuria and Different Degrees of Compliance with the Phenylalanine Restricted Diet
by Eugenia Rojas-Agurto, María Jesús Leal-Witt, Carolina Arias, Juan Francisco Cabello, Daniel Bunout and Verónica Cornejo
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2939; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132939 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1327
Abstract
There are concerns about muscle and bone health in patients with Phenylketonuria (PKU). Our aim was to compare muscle mass, function, and bone health among young adults with PKU who maintained or suspended dietary treatment. Methods: Three groups were considered—PKU-1: 10 patients who [...] Read more.
There are concerns about muscle and bone health in patients with Phenylketonuria (PKU). Our aim was to compare muscle mass, function, and bone health among young adults with PKU who maintained or suspended dietary treatment. Methods: Three groups were considered—PKU-1: 10 patients who used a protein substitute (PS) without phenylalanine (Phe); PKU-2: 14 patients who used the PS without Phe until eighteen years old and then practiced mostly a vegan diet; and 24 matched healthy controls. A 24 h recall survey, blood parameters, body composition and bone mineral density through DEXA, rectus femoris thickness by ultrasound, hand grip strength, submaximal exercise test, and walking speed were assessed. Results: PKU-1 patients had lower hand grip strength than their matched controls, but no other differences. Compared to controls, the PKU-2 group had lower fat-free mass (p = 0.01), less spine and femoral bone mineral density (p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively), and peak workload on the incremental test (p = 0.03). When comparing PKU groups, blood Phe levels were significantly lower in the PKU-1 group (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Among PKU patients, abandoning the dietary treatment and maintaining high blood Phe concentrations could be deleterious for muscles and bones. However, we cannot discard other causes of bone and muscle damage in these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Protein Intake and Bone Health)
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12 pages, 1604 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Selected Parameters of Calcium-Phosphate Economy with Dietary Management and Metabolic Control in Polish Pediatric Patients with Classical Homocystinuria—A Preliminary Study
by Małgorzata Batycka, Ewa Lange, Ewa Ehmke vel Emczyńska-Seliga, Maciej Jaworski, Maria Kobylińska, Natalia Lech, Emilia Samborowska, Patryk Lipiński, Barbara Perkowska, Paulina Pokora and Dariusz Rokicki
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2112; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092112 - 27 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1330
Abstract
Background: Classical homocystinuria (HCU) is an inborn defect of methionine metabolism caused by a deficiency of the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). The main symptoms of classical homocystinuria are lens subluxation, bone lesions, vascular disease and developmental delay/intellectual disability. The treatment method for HCU [...] Read more.
Background: Classical homocystinuria (HCU) is an inborn defect of methionine metabolism caused by a deficiency of the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). The main symptoms of classical homocystinuria are lens subluxation, bone lesions, vascular disease and developmental delay/intellectual disability. The treatment method for HCU is a methionine-poor diet supplemented with amino acid preparations. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship of dietary factors, metabolic compensation and selected skeletal parameters in patients with HCU. Methods: Bone mineral density measurements (DXA) were performed in pediatric patients with HCU, and blood levels of selected amino acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as dietary nutritional value, were analyzed. Results: A total of 11 patients with HCU whose median age was 9.3 years were enrolled in the study. The median DXA total body less head of HCU patients was −0.4 z-score, and the lumbar spine was −1.4 z-score. Despite supplementation, calcium intake was below the age norm. Average vitamin D3 intake was in line with recommendations, but 36% of patients had reduced blood levels. Bone mineral density depended on blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, homocysteine and methionine, as well as on BMI, age and intake of natural protein (R2 = 98.5%, p = 0.015; R2 = 86.7%, p = 0.0049) and protein from an amino acid preparation (r = 0.69, p = 0.026). Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the need for regular densitometry in patients with HCU and also the use of additional calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation. It is also necessary to perform a comprehensive analysis of the diet and metabolic controls. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Protein Intake and Bone Health)
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14 pages, 477 KiB  
Article
Dietary Intake and Circulating Amino Acid Concentrations in Relation with Bone Metabolism Markers in Children Following Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diets
by Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz, Joanna Gajewska, Joanna Mazur, Katarzyna Kuśmierska, Witold Klemarczyk, Grażyna Rowicka, Małgorzata Strucińska and Magdalena Chełchowska
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1376; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061376 - 12 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2320
Abstract
Scientific studies reported that most vegetarians meet the total protein requirements; however, little is known about their amino acid intakes. We aimed to assess dietary intake and serum amino acid levels in relation to bone metabolism markers in prepubertal children on vegetarian and [...] Read more.
Scientific studies reported that most vegetarians meet the total protein requirements; however, little is known about their amino acid intakes. We aimed to assess dietary intake and serum amino acid levels in relation to bone metabolism markers in prepubertal children on vegetarian and traditional diets. Data from 51 vegetarian and 25 omnivorous children aged 4–9 years were analyzed. Dietary intake of macro- and micronutrients were assessed using the nutritional program Dieta 5®. Serum amino acid analysis was performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography technique, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathormone–electrochemiluminescent immunoassay, and bone metabolism markers, albumin, and prealbumin levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vegetarian children had a significantly lower intake of protein and amino acids with median differences of about 30–50% compared to omnivores. Concentrations of four amino acids (valine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine) in serum varied significantly by diet groups and were lower by 10–15% in vegetarians than meat-eaters. Vegetarian children also had lower (p < 0.001) serum albumin levels compared to omnivores. Among bone markers, they had higher (p < 0.05) levels of C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CTX-I) than omnivores. Correlation patterns between amino acids and bone metabolism markers differed in the vegetarian and omnivore groups. Out of bone markers, especially osteoprotegerin was positively correlated with several amino acids, such as tryptophan, alanine, aspartate, glutamine, and serine, and ornithine in vegetarians. Vegetarian children consumed apparently sufficient but lower protein and amino acids compared to omnivores. In circulation these differences were less marked than in the diet. Significantly lower amino acid intake and serum levels of valine, lysine, leucine, and isoleucine as well as the observed correlations between serum amino acids and biochemical bone marker levels indicated the relations between diet, protein quality, and bone metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Protein Intake and Bone Health)
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