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Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: Effects on Endothelial Function

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 19403

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Davide Grassi

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
2. Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: flavonoids; nutrition; nutraceuticals; very-low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD); cardiovascular prevention; metabolism

Dr. Luigi Barrea

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Guest Editor

1. Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy
2. Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
Interests: metabolic endocrinology; metabolism; nutritional and metabolic diseases; nutrition; clinical endocrinology; clinical nutrition; human nutrition; body composition analysis; dietetics; body composition; bariatric surgery; insulin resistance; anthropometric measurements
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are very pleased to invite researchers to submit original research and review papers on nutrition and cardiovascular disease, specifically focusing on the effects of nutrition models and nutrients on endothelial function.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Most cardiovascular disease results from complications of atherosclerosis. Endothelium has physiologically favorable and atheroprotective effects. The established cardiovascular risk factors cause oxidative stress (with imbalance between nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, with a resulting relative decrease in nitric oxide bioavailability) leading to “endothelial dysfunction” with a reduction in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and the induction of a specific state of “endothelial activation,” characterized by a proinflammatory, proliferative, and procoagulatory milieu which favors all stages of atherogenesis, pathological inflammatory processes, and vascular disease. Cardiovascular risk factors as well as dietary habits are able to negatively affect endothelial function. On the other hand, observational and human randomized clinical trials have supported vascular benefits from specific nutrition models and/or after the consumption of some specific nutrients.

Thus, in this Special Issue we aim to collect the latest studies presenting novel results and future perspectives in the suggested field of research.

We welcome the submission of original research papers, reviews and expert opinions.

Dr. Davide Grassi
Dr. Luigi Barrea
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nutrients
nutrition
dietary models
very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD)
cardiovascular prevention
metabolism
endothelial function and dysfunction
oxidative stress
inflammation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 560 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sirtuin 1 and Vascular Function in Healthy Women and Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effects of Energy Restriction and Resveratrol

by Gustavo Henrique Ferreira Gonçalinho, Karen Lika Kuwabara, Nathalia Ferreira de Oliveira Faria, Marisa Fernandes da Silva Goes, Alessandra Roggerio, Solange Desirée Avakian, Célia Maria Cassaro Strunz and Antonio de Padua Mansur

Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2949; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132949 - 29 Jun 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1787

Abstract

Background: Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been associated with longevity and protection against cardiometabolic diseases, but little is known about how it influences human vascular function. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of SIRT1 activation by resveratrol and energy restriction on vascular reactivity in adults. Methods: A randomized trial allocated 48 healthy adults (24 women and 24 men), aged 55 to 65 years, to resveratrol supplementation or energy restriction for 30 days. Blood lipids, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, noradrenaline, SIRT1 (circulating and gene expression), and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitrate-mediated vasodilation (NMD) were measured. Results: Both interventions increased circulating SIRT1 (p < 0.001). Pre- and post-tests changes of plasma noradrenaline were significant for both groups (resveratrol: p = 0.037; energy restriction: p = 0.008). Baseline circulating SIRT1 was inversely correlated with noradrenaline (r = −0.508; p < 0.01), and post-treatment circulating SIRT1 was correlated with NMD (r = 0.433; p < 0.01). Circulating SIRT1 was a predictor of FMD in men (p = 0.045), but not in women. SIRT1 was an independent predictor of NMD (p = 0.026) only in the energy restriction group. Conclusions: Energy restriction and resveratrol increased circulating SIRT1 and reduced sympathetic activity similarly in healthy adults. SIRT1 was independently associated with NMD only in the energy restriction group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: Effects on Endothelial Function)

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Review

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33 pages, 1064 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases

by Damian Dyńka, Katarzyna Kowalcze, Anna Charuta and Agnieszka Paziewska

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3368; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153368 - 28 Jul 2023

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 12553

Abstract

The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it is worth exploring this aspect of CVD prevention and therapy. The aim of this article is to assess the potential of the ketogenic diet in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The article is a comprehensive, meticulous analysis of the literature in this area, taking into account the most recent studies currently available. The ketogenic diet has been shown to have a multifaceted effect on the prevention and treatment of CVD. Among other aspects, it has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile, even compared to other diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential, which is due, among other factors, to the anti-inflammatory properties of the state of ketosis, the elimination of simple sugars, the restriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide “rescue fuel” for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also have a beneficial effect on the function of the vascular endothelium, including improving its function and inhibiting premature ageing. The ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and other CVD risk factors through, among other aspects, weight loss. The evidence cited is often superior to that for standard diets, making it likely that the ketogenic diet shows advantages over other dietary models in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There is a legitimate need for further research in this area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: Effects on Endothelial Function)

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31 pages, 2159 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Critical Review on Vasoactive Nutrients for the Management of Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness in Individuals under Cardiovascular Risk

by Davi Vieira Teixeira da Silva, Diego dos Santos Baião, Cristine Couto Almeida and Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin

Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2618; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112618 - 02 Jun 2023

Viewed by 2369

Abstract

Pathophysiological conditions such as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, characterized by low nitric oxide bioavailability, deficient endothelium-dependent vasodilation and heart effort, predispose individuals to atherosclerotic lesions and cardiac events. Nitrate (NO₃⁻), L-arginine, L-citrulline and potassium (K⁺) can mitigate arterial dysfunction and stiffness by intensifying NO bioavailability. Dietary compounds such as L-arginine, L-citrulline, NO₃⁻ and K⁺ exert vasoactive effects as demonstrated in clinical interventions by noninvasive flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) prognostic techniques. Daily L-arginine intakes ranging from 4.5 to 21 g lead to increased FMD and reduced PWV responses. Isolated L-citrulline intake of at least 5.6 g has a better effect compared to watermelon extract, which is only effective on endothelial function when supplemented for longer than 6 weeks and contains at least 6 g of L-citrulline. NO₃⁻ supplementation employing beetroot at doses greater than 370 mg promotes hemodynamic effects through the NO₃⁻-NO2-/NO pathway, a well-documented effect. A potassium intake of 1.5 g/day can restore endothelial function and arterial mobility, where decreased vascular tone takes place via ATPase pump/hyperpolarization and natriuresis, leading to muscle relaxation and NO release. These dietary interventions, alone or synergically, can ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and should be considered as adjuvant therapies in cardiovascular diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: Effects on Endothelial Function)

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