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Effects of Diet on Gut Microbiota in Persons with Obesity or Overweight and Comorbidities

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Obesity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 12606

Special Issue Editors

Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Interests: obesity; diet; microbiota; vagus nerve; neuroanatomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The scope of this Special Issue is to explore the effects of diet on the gut microbiota of overweight or obese persons. Overweight and obesity have nearly tripled in the population over the last four decades. The gut microbiota is sensitive to dietary factors with functions intertwined with the host’s metabolism. We aim to encourage the publication of articles that address the question of whether gut microbiota altered by specific diet compositions and eating patterns can contribute to the development of obesity. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Diet composition in weight management and obesity;
  • Eating patterns in weight management and obesity;
  • Diet composition and eating patterns and type 2 diabetes;
  • Diet and gut microbiota;
  • Type 2 diabetes and gut microbiota;
  • Dietary supplements and gut microbiota;
  • Probiotics, prebiotics, and gut microbiota in overweight and obese persons.

Submissions of original research articles and reviews (meta-analyses and systematic and narrative reviews) are welcome.

Dr. Krzysztof Czaja
Dr. Julio Plaza-Díaz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • eating patterns
  • prebiotics
  • probiotics
  • gut microbiome
  • obesity
  • diabetes

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

25 pages, 398 KiB  
Review
The Relationship between the Source of Dietary Animal Fats and Proteins and the Gut Microbiota Condition and Obesity in Humans
by Wojciech Kazura, Katarzyna Michalczyk and Dominika Stygar
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3082; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143082 - 09 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2240
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and obesity is well documented in humans and animal models. Dietary factors can change the intestinal microbiota composition and influence obesity development. However, knowledge of how diet, metabolism, and intestinal microbiota interact and modulate energy metabolism and obesity [...] Read more.
The relationship between gut microbiota and obesity is well documented in humans and animal models. Dietary factors can change the intestinal microbiota composition and influence obesity development. However, knowledge of how diet, metabolism, and intestinal microbiota interact and modulate energy metabolism and obesity development is still limited. Epidemiological studies show a link between consuming dietary proteins and fats from specific sources and obesity. Animal studies confirm that proteins and fats of different origins differ in their ability to prevent or induce obesity. Protein sources, such as meat, dairy products, vegetables, pulses, and seafood, vary in their amino acid composition. In addition, the type and level of other factors, such as fatty acids or persistent organic pollutants, vary depending on the source of dietary protein. All these factors can modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and, thus, may influence obesity development. This review summarizes selected evidence of how proteins and fats of different origins affect energy efficiency, obesity development, and intestinal microbiota, linking protein and fat-dependent changes in the intestinal microbiota with obesity. Full article
16 pages, 687 KiB  
Review
Can Circadian Eating Pattern Adjustments Reduce Risk or Prevent Development of T2D?
by Carlee Harris and Krzysztof Czaja
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1762; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071762 - 04 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 10064
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition that occurs in insulin-resistant people with reduced glucose uptake. It is contributed to and exacerbated by a poor diet that results in accumulation of adipose tissue, high blood sugar, and other metabolic issues. Because humans [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition that occurs in insulin-resistant people with reduced glucose uptake. It is contributed to and exacerbated by a poor diet that results in accumulation of adipose tissue, high blood sugar, and other metabolic issues. Because humans have undergone food scarcity throughout history, our species has adapted a fat reserve genotype. This adaptation is no longer beneficial, as eating at a higher frequency than that of our ancestors has had a significant effect on T2D development. Eating at high frequencies disrupts the circadian clock, the circadian rhythm, and the composition of the gut microbiome, as well as hormone secretion and sensitivity. The current literature suggests an improved diet requires meal consistency, avoiding late-night eating, low meal frequency, and fasting to increase metabolic health. In addition, fasting as a treatment for T2D must be used correctly for beneficial results. Early time-restricted eating (TRE) provides many benefits such as improving insulin resistance, cognitive function, and glycemic control. Alternate-day fasting (ADF), 5:2 fasting, and long-term fasting all have benefits; however, they may be less advantageous than early TRE. Therefore, eating pattern adjustments can be used to reduce T2D if used correctly. Full article
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