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Nutrients
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Energy Metabolism and Sports Performance
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Energy Metabolism and Sports Performance

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 12850

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kiwon Lim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: energy metabolism; sports performance; energy metabolism during exercise; sports nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy metabolism is the main key to maximizing exercise and sports performance. Due to this, many sports scientists utilize the analysis of breath gas, blood data, and protein levels. To improve sports performance, it is necessary to understand carbohydrate and fat metabolism, as well as substrate utilization, according to exercise intensity and exercise time, which are also very important.

Therefore, we are collecting various studies in order to improve exercise capacity along with energy metabolism during exercise. We are also interested in dietary supplements (catechin, caffeine, BCAA etc.,) to maximize the various metabolic processes (carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism) and energy metabolism that occur during exercise. Such attempts would lay an important foundation for increasing sports performance and presenting practical guidelines during exercise.

In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we welcome original research articles; animal and clinical studies; as well as review articles on the current state of research.

Prof. Dr. Kiwon Lim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy metabolism
  • sports performance
  • energy metabolism during exercise
  • sports nutrition

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 996 KiB  
Article
Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Structured Lipids Improve Endurance Performance
by Katsunori Tsuji, Yosuke Tsuchiya, Kaori Yokoi, Kenichi Yanagimoto, Hisashi Ueda and Eisuke Ochi
Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3692; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173692 - 23 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1360
Abstract
Purpose: The effects of intake of STGs containing esterified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on cardiorespiratory endurance have not yet been reported. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs on cardiorespiratory endurance. Methods: This [...] Read more.
Purpose: The effects of intake of STGs containing esterified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on cardiorespiratory endurance have not yet been reported. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs on cardiorespiratory endurance. Methods: This 8-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group study involved 19 healthy men. The participants were randomly assigned to a group that received interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs (STG group, 9 participants) or a group receiving a PM of EPA and MCTs (PM group, 10 participants). The outcome measures were time to exhaustion (TTE) and time to reach the anaerobic threshold in the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) test, VO2peak, and anaerobic threshold. Results: The increase in TTE in the VO2peak test after the intervention period compared with before the intervention period was significantly greater in the STG group (53 ± 53 s) than in the PM group (−10 ± 63 s; p < 0.05). Similarly, the increase in time to reach the anaerobic threshold was significantly greater in the STG group (82 ± 55 s) than in the PM group (−26 ± 52 s; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the consumption of interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs improved endurance in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Metabolism and Sports Performance)
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17 pages, 2214 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Supplemental Effects of Acute Natural Antioxidant Derived from Yeast Fermentation and Vitamin C on Sports Performance in Triathlon Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial
by Eunjoo Lee, Hun-Young Park, Sung-Woo Kim, Yerin Sun, Jae-Ho Choi, Jisoo Seo, Yanghoon Peter Jung, Ah-Jin Kim, Jisu Kim and Kiwon Lim
Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3324; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153324 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2779
Abstract
This study investigated the acute effects of natural antioxidants, derived from yeast fermentation containing glutathione and dietary vitamin C supplementation, on metabolic function, skeletal muscle oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathlon athletes. Twelve participants (aged 49.42 ± [...] Read more.
This study investigated the acute effects of natural antioxidants, derived from yeast fermentation containing glutathione and dietary vitamin C supplementation, on metabolic function, skeletal muscle oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathlon athletes. Twelve participants (aged 49.42 ± 5.9 years) completed 90 min submaximal cycling trials corresponding to 70% maximal oxygen uptake with either vitamin C and glutathione (VitC+Glu), vitamin C (VitC), glutathione (Glu) supplementation, or placebo. Metabolic function (minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output [VCO2], respiratory exchange ratio [RER], oxygen pulse [O2pulse], carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure), skeletal muscle oxygenation (oxidized hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue, total hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue [tHb]), cardiac function (heart rate [HR], stroke volume [SV], cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction), and antioxidant function parameters (blood lactate, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione [GSH], diacron reactive oxygen metabolite [dROM], and biological antioxidant potential [BAP]) were measured during submaximal exercise and recovery. VCO2, RER, HR, blood lactate after exercise, and dROM were significantly lower, and O2pulse, tHb, and BAP were significantly higher for VitC+Glu than for the other trials (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combined vitamin C and glutathione supplementation was more effective in improving metabolic function, skeletal oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during prolonged submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Metabolism and Sports Performance)
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15 pages, 3080 KiB  
Article
Repeated Inhalation of Peppermint Essential Oil Improves Exercise Performance in Endurance-Trained Rats
by Wei Zhang, Rongpei Shi, Tian Gao, Yang Hu, Jiaheng Zhou, Chenhan Li, Panpan Wang, Hongyan Yang, Wenjuan Xing, Ling Dong and Feng Gao
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2480; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112480 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2901
Abstract
Peppermint essential oil, being natural and safe, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has long been a research interest in relieving fatigue and improving exercise performance. However, the related studies report controversial results, and the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we found that inhalation of [...] Read more.
Peppermint essential oil, being natural and safe, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has long been a research interest in relieving fatigue and improving exercise performance. However, the related studies report controversial results, and the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we found that inhalation of peppermint essential oil significantly extended the exhaustion time in rats subjected to 2-week weight-bearing swimming training. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 2-week weight-loaded forced swimming regimen. Prior to each swimming session, the rats were administered peppermint essential oil via inhalation. An exhaustive swimming test was performed at the end of the protocol. Rats treated with essential oil had significantly extended time to exhaustion compared with exercised rats without essential oil treatment. In addition, treated rats also showed reduced oxidative damage induced by endurance exercise. Notably, the rats receiving two-week essential oil inhalation while not subjected to swimming training did not show improved exercise performance. The findings demonstrate that repeated inhalation of peppermint essential oil enhances the effects of endurance training and improves exercise performance partially by preventing oxidative damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Metabolism and Sports Performance)
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Review

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28 pages, 1690 KiB  
Review
Dietary Arginine and Citrulline Supplements for Cardiovascular Health and Athletic Performance: A Narrative Review
by Hun-Young Park, Sung-Woo Kim, Jisoo Seo, Yanghoon P. Jung, Hyunji Kim, Ah-Jin Kim, Sonwoo Kim and Kiwon Lim
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1268; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051268 - 03 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5292
Abstract
The global market for nutritional supplements (NS) is growing rapidly, and the use of L-arginine (Arg), L-citrulline (Cit), and citrulline malate (CitMal) supplements has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health and athletic performance. Over the past decade, Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements have [...] Read more.
The global market for nutritional supplements (NS) is growing rapidly, and the use of L-arginine (Arg), L-citrulline (Cit), and citrulline malate (CitMal) supplements has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health and athletic performance. Over the past decade, Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements have received considerable attention from researchers in the field of exercise nutrition, who have investigated their potential effects on hemodynamic function, endothelial function, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, strength, power, and endurance. Previous studies were reviewed to determine the potential impact of Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements on cardiovascular health and exercise performance. By synthesizing the existing literature, the study aimed to provide insight into the possible uses and limitations of these supplements for these purposes. The results showed that both recreational and trained athletes did not see improved physical performance or increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with 0.075 g or 6 g doses of Arg supplement per body weight. However, 2.4 to 6 g of Cit per day for 7 to 16 days of various NSs had a positive impact, increasing NO synthesis, enhancing athletic performance indicators, and reducing feelings of exertion. The effects of an 8 g acute dose of CitMal supplement were inconsistent, and more research is needed to determine its impact on muscle endurance performance. Based on the positive effects reported in previous studies, further testing is warranted in various populations that may benefit from nutritional supplements, including aerobic and anaerobic athletes, resistance-trained individuals, elderly people, and clinical populations, to determine the impact of different doses, timing of ingestion, and long-term and acute effects of Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements on cardiovascular health and athletic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Metabolism and Sports Performance)
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