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The Influence of Dietary Patterns on Health and Rehabilitation in Older Adults

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 3562

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ruth Teh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Interests: ageing; nutrition; heart health; physical activity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutritional factors are receiving increasing attention as determinants of healthy aging and longevity. A reasonable dietary pattern and adequate nutrition provide sustenance to metabolic needs, enhance immune function, and prevent the development and exacerbation of various diseases. While the importance of nutrition for healthy aging is recognized, the prevalence of malnutrition is high, particularly among elderly patients undergoing rehabilitation. A healthful diet impacts the physiological reserve, and nutritional care is a natural partner to rehabilitative care and plays a role in recovery. Dietary patterns affect physical and cognitive function and quality of life at different time points in the life course.

This Special Issue of Nutrients is entitled "The Influence of Dietary Patterns on Health and Rehabilitation in Older Adults", and we invite submissions of clinical studies, epidemiological studies, and recent reviews.

Dr. Ruth Teh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary patterns
  • health
  • geriatric rehabilitation
  • older adults
  • malnutrition

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1291 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Dietary Advice Aimed at Increasing Protein Intake on Oral Health and Oral Microbiota in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Kristina S. Fluitman, Tim van den Broek, Ilse Reinders, Hanneke A. H. Wijnhoven, Max Nieuwdorp, Marjolein Visser, Richard G. IJzerman and Bart J. F. Keijser
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4567; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214567 - 27 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1068
Abstract
Nutrition and oral health are closely related, especially in older adults in whom poor nutrition may lead to oral microbial perturbations, exacerbating poor oral health. In a 6-month randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effects on oral microbiota and on oral health of [...] Read more.
Nutrition and oral health are closely related, especially in older adults in whom poor nutrition may lead to oral microbial perturbations, exacerbating poor oral health. In a 6-month randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effects on oral microbiota and on oral health of dietary advice aimed at increasing protein intake to ≥1.2 g/kg adjusted body weight/day (g/kg aBW/d) in community-dwelling older adults with low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg aBW/d). Food intake was measured via 24 h dietary recalls, oral health was measured via questionnaires, and oral microbial composition was assessed via the 16S rRNA sequencing of tongue swabs. Mean baseline protein intake was 0.8 g/kg aBW/day in both groups. In the high protein group (n = 47), participants increased their protein intake to mean 1.2 g/kg aBW/day at the 6-month follow-up. Protein intake in the control group (n = 43) remained at 0.9 g/kg a BW/day. The intervention did not affect self-reported oral health. While it caused moderate shifts in oral microbiota alpha- and beta-diversity measures, abundances of individual bacterial taxa were not affected. In conclusion, our intervention did not affect self-reported oral health within a period of 6 months, nor did it substantially affect the tongue microbiota composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Influence of Dietary Patterns on Health and Rehabilitation in Older Adults)
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13 pages, 500 KiB  
Article
Development and Validation of a Perceived Community Food Accessibility Measurement Questionnaire for Korean Older Adults
by Jisoo Hong, Narae Yang and Kirang Kim
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4301; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194301 - 09 Oct 2023
Viewed by 825
Abstract
As the community food environment is known to be an important factor in healthy food choices, it needs to be measured, to increase awareness and improve healthy eating. The objective of this study was to develop a perceived community food accessibility measurement (P-CFAM) [...] Read more.
As the community food environment is known to be an important factor in healthy food choices, it needs to be measured, to increase awareness and improve healthy eating. The objective of this study was to develop a perceived community food accessibility measurement (P-CFAM) questionnaire applicable to older adults in Korea and evaluate its reliability and validity. The questionnaire was developed based on community food environment factors that were found to affect food choices in previous studies. We evaluated the internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. The subjects were 188 older adults for validity. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the reliability measure was 0.9. The confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire showed values close to those of the optimal model (GFI = 0.983, AGFI = 0.948, RMR = 0.004, NFI = 0.987, CFI = 0.996). Regarding the criterion-related validity, the P-CFAM questionnaire results were significantly related to objective measurement indicators such as the number of grocery stores, the travel time to a grocery store, and the intake of vegetables and fruit. In conclusion, the developed P-CFAM questionnaire was shown to be reliable and valid, and useful for assessing older adults’ perceptions of community food accessibility in Korea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Influence of Dietary Patterns on Health and Rehabilitation in Older Adults)
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11 pages, 747 KiB  
Brief Report
How Do Older Patients with End-Stage Osteoarthritis of the Hip Eat Prior to Hip Replacement? A Preliminary Snapshot That Highlights a Poor Diet
by Matteo Briguglio, Paolo Sirtori, Laura Mangiavini, Sara Buzzi, Claudio Cordani, Maria Francesca Zerni, Thomas W. Wainwright, Nicola Ursino, Giuseppe M. Peretti and Giuseppe Banfi
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4868; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234868 - 22 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1208
Abstract
Diet quantity and quality in older adults is critical for the proper functioning of the musculoskeletal system. In view of hip surgery, old patients should consume 1.2–1.5 g of proteins and 27–30 kcal per kilo of body weight daily, and adhere to healthy [...] Read more.
Diet quantity and quality in older adults is critical for the proper functioning of the musculoskeletal system. In view of hip surgery, old patients should consume 1.2–1.5 g of proteins and 27–30 kcal per kilo of body weight daily, and adhere to healthy eating habits. In this analytical study, we studied diet quantity and quality in relation to the clinical chemistry and functional status of 57 older adults undergoing elective hip replacement. Nine in ten patients did not meet suggested protein and energy intakes and only one in ten patients exhibited high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Legume consumption adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, and health status successfully forecasted haemoglobin levels (p < 0.05), and patients regularly consuming olive oil reported minor hip disability compared to those using it less frequently (p < 0.05). Patients who reported daily ingestion of <1 serving of meat versus those consuming >1.5 servings had greater cumulative comorbidity (p < 0.05), with meat consumption independently predicting walking ability, mobility, and balance in the fully adjusted model (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our patients seem to eat poorly. There is room for improvement in pre-operative pathways to make older adults eat better, but there is a need to plan an interventional study to fully understand the cause–effect of a dietary pattern or specific food in enhancing recovery after surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Influence of Dietary Patterns on Health and Rehabilitation in Older Adults)
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