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ncRNA
Special Issues
ncRNAs in Translational Reprogramming
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ncRNAs in Translational Reprogramming

A special issue of Non-Coding RNA (ISSN 2311-553X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 9754

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vivek Advani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Research Fellow, Harvard Medical School, Enders Building, Room 1260.2, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Interests: tRNA; tRNA fragments; lncRNAs; cardiovascular disease; neurodegeneration; post-transcriptional regulation; RNA-binding proteins (RBPs); translational reprogramming
Dr. Je-Hyun Yoon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oncology Science, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
Interests: microRNAs; lncRNAs; ribonucleoproteins; RNAomics; extracellular RNA; senescence; RNA localization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Protein synthesis is an energetically expensive cellular process. Its dynamic reprogramming under developmental, environmental, physiological, and pathological cues is essential to various aspects of cell survival and homeostasis. ncRNAs such as miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs being abundantly and ubiquitously expressed in all cell types have emerged as vital players in regulating this final step of the gene-expression pathway. These ncRNAs, through canonical and non-canonical mechanisms, have been shown to reshape the proteome and rewire signaling pathways to optimize gene expression. Further, extensive RNA sequencing and subsequent mechanistic studies are being conducted to discover and elucidate cell- and tissue-specific ncRNAs that affect global or mRNA specific translation. The focus of this Special Issue is on ncRNAs that reprogram mRNA translation. We welcome both original research articles and comprehensive reviews that cover the topic. The interest in their discovery and functional characterization is increasing due to their proposed role in the disease pathogenesis and as novel therapeutic targets.

Dr. Vivek Advani
Dr. Je-Hyun Yoon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Non-Coding RNA is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ncRNAs
  • miRNA
  • long noncoding RNA
  • protein synthesis
  • mRNA translation
  • mRNA localization

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3263 KiB  
Article
tRNA Synthetases Are Recruited to Yeast Ribosomes by rRNA Expansion Segment 7L but Do Not Require Association for Functionality
by Nina Krauer, Robert Rauscher and Norbert Polacek
Non-Coding RNA 2021, 7(4), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7040073 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3224
Abstract
Protein biosynthesis is essential for any organism, yet how this process is regulated is not fully understood at the molecular level. During evolution, ribosomal RNA expanded in specific regions, referred to as rRNA expansion segments (ES). First functional roles of these expansions have [...] Read more.
Protein biosynthesis is essential for any organism, yet how this process is regulated is not fully understood at the molecular level. During evolution, ribosomal RNA expanded in specific regions, referred to as rRNA expansion segments (ES). First functional roles of these expansions have only recently been discovered. Here we address the role of ES7La located in the large ribosomal subunit for factor recruitment to the yeast ribosome and the potential consequences for translation. Truncation of ES7La has only minor effects on ribosome biogenesis, translation efficiency and cell doubling. Using yeast rRNA deletion strains coupled with ribosome-specific mass spectrometry we analyzed the interactome of ribosomes lacking ES7La. Three aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases showed reduced ribosome association. Synthetase activities however remained unaltered suggesting that the pool of aminoacylated tRNAs is unaffected by the ES deletion. These results demonstrated that aminoacylation activities of tRNA synthetases per se do not rely on ribosome association. These findings suggest a role of ribosome-associated aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase beyond their core enzymatic functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ncRNAs in Translational Reprogramming)
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Review

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22 pages, 968 KiB  
Review
MicroRNAs in Age-Related Proteostasis and Stress Responses
by Latika Matai and Frank J. Slack
Non-Coding RNA 2023, 9(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna9020026 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2344
Abstract
Aging is associated with the accumulation of damaged and misfolded proteins through a decline in the protein homeostasis (proteostasis) machinery, leading to various age-associated protein misfolding diseases such as Huntington’s or Parkinson’s. The efficiency of cellular stress response pathways also weakens with age, [...] Read more.
Aging is associated with the accumulation of damaged and misfolded proteins through a decline in the protein homeostasis (proteostasis) machinery, leading to various age-associated protein misfolding diseases such as Huntington’s or Parkinson’s. The efficiency of cellular stress response pathways also weakens with age, further contributing to the failure to maintain proteostasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that bind target messenger RNAs at their 3′UTR, resulting in the post-transcriptional repression of gene expression. From the discovery of aging roles for lin-4 in C. elegans, the role of numerous miRNAs in controlling the aging process has been uncovered in different organisms. Recent studies have also shown that miRNAs regulate different components of proteostasis machinery as well as cellular response pathways to proteotoxic stress, some of which are very important during aging or in age-related pathologies. Here, we present a review of these findings, highlighting the role of individual miRNAs in age-associated protein folding and degradation across different organisms. We also broadly summarize the relationships between miRNAs and organelle-specific stress response pathways during aging and in various age-associated diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ncRNAs in Translational Reprogramming)
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15 pages, 1629 KiB  
Review
Ribosome-Associated ncRNAs (rancRNAs) Adjust Translation and Shape Proteomes
by Valentina Pecoraro, Alessia Rosina and Norbert Polacek
Non-Coding RNA 2022, 8(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna8020022 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3601
Abstract
The regulation of protein synthesis is of extreme importance for cell survival in challenging environmental conditions. Modulating gene expression at the level of translation allows a swift and low-energy-cost response to external stimuli. In the last decade, an emerging class of regulatory ncRNAs, [...] Read more.
The regulation of protein synthesis is of extreme importance for cell survival in challenging environmental conditions. Modulating gene expression at the level of translation allows a swift and low-energy-cost response to external stimuli. In the last decade, an emerging class of regulatory ncRNAs, namely ribosome-associated non-coding RNAs (rancRNAs), has been discovered. These rancRNAs have proven to be efficient players in the regulation of translation as a first wave of stress adaptation by directly targeting the ribosome, the central enzyme of protein production. This underlying principle appears to be highly conserved, since rancRNAs are present in all three domains of life. Here, we review the major findings and mechanistic peculiarities of rancRNAs, a class of transcripts that is providing new and broader perspectives on the complexity of the ribosome and translation regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ncRNAs in Translational Reprogramming)
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