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19 pages, 4241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Thermophysical and Physicochemical Properties of the Aqueous Dispersion of Graphene Oxide Dual-Beam Thermal Lens Spectrometry

by Vladislav R. Khabibullin, Daria-Maria V. Ratova, Dmitrii N. Stolbov, Ivan V. Mikheev and Mikhail A. Proskurnin

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(14), 2126; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13142126 - 21 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 999

Abstract

Modern heat-conducting materials require special attention to analyze their thermophysical properties. Compared to classical methods, thermal lens spectrometry (TLS) has advantages due to its high sensitivity to physical and chemical composition. To avoid a systematic error in the analysis of complex systems, it [...] Read more.

Modern heat-conducting materials require special attention to analyze their thermophysical properties. Compared to classical methods, thermal lens spectrometry (TLS) has advantages due to its high sensitivity to physical and chemical composition. To avoid a systematic error in the analysis of complex systems, it is necessary to realize the limits of the applicability of the method. This study considers the features of thermal-diffusivity measurements by TLS in the stationary state for dispersed systems with absorbances up to 0.05. The limits of applicability of the method in analyzing heterogeneous systems are shown, and a mathematical apparatus is proposed for indicating a systematic error in finding thermal diffusivity that does not exceed 1%. Graphene oxide (GO), which has attractive physicochemical properties, was used as the object of analysis. GO belongs to 2D objects, the study of which requires highly sensitive methods and special attention when discussing the results. The thermophysical properties of aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide in a wide range of concentrations (up to 2 g/L) and lateral sizes (up to 4 µm) were studied by TLS. It has been found that with increasing nanophase concentration, the thermal diffusivity of graphene oxide dispersions passes through a minimum, which can be used in solving thermal insulation problems. It has been established that prolonged laser irradiation of the dispersion leads to a change in thermal diffusivity, which indicates the photochemical reduction of graphene oxide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena in Nanomaterials)

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19 pages, 4031 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Diffusivity of Aqueous Dispersions of Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles by Dual-Beam Thermal Lens Spectrometry

by Vladislav R. Khabibullin, Liliya O. Usoltseva, Ivan V. Mikheev and Mikhail A. Proskurnin

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1006; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061006 - 10 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1222

Abstract

The growing interest in heat-conducting nanofluids requires highly sensitive methods for analyzing the thermal properties. Thermal lens spectrometry (TLS), despite its advantages over classical methods, does not have a general approach for measuring and interpreting results for dispersed systems. In this paper, for [...] Read more.

The growing interest in heat-conducting nanofluids requires highly sensitive methods for analyzing the thermal properties. Thermal lens spectrometry (TLS), despite its advantages over classical methods, does not have a general approach for measuring and interpreting results for dispersed systems. In this paper, for nanofluids of silicon oxide in water in a wide range of concentrations and sizes, the selection of measurement parameters for transient and steady-state thermal lensing is justified, and the interpretation of the results of thermal diffusivity measurements is substantiated. The features of the measurements of thermal diffusivity by TLS under stationary states for dispersed systems are considered. Using this approach, it is possible to detect and distinguish thermal effects with high accuracy. For dispersions of silicon oxide, with increasing concentrations, the thermal diffusivity passes through a minimum threshold. Silicon oxide dispersions can be used both as coolants or as heat-removing liquids by selecting the particle size and concentration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena in Nanomaterials)

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30 pages, 10124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accuracy of Measurements of Thermophysical Parameters by Dual-Beam Thermal-Lens Spectrometry

by Vladislav R. Khabibullin, Mladen Franko and Mikhail A. Proskurnin

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(3), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030430 - 20 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1538

Abstract

Thermal-lens spectrometry is a sensitive technique for determination of physicochemical properties and thermophysical parameters of various materials including heterogeneous systems and nanoparticles. In this paper, we consider the issues of the correctness (trueness) of measurements of the characteristic time of the thermal-lens effect [...] Read more.

Thermal-lens spectrometry is a sensitive technique for determination of physicochemical properties and thermophysical parameters of various materials including heterogeneous systems and nanoparticles. In this paper, we consider the issues of the correctness (trueness) of measurements of the characteristic time of the thermal-lens effect and, thus, of the thermal diffusivity determined by dual-beam mode-mismatching thermal lensing. As sources of systematic errors, major factors—radiation sources, sample-cell and detector parameters, and general measurement parameters—are considered using several configurations of the thermal-lens setups, and their contributions are quantified or estimated. Furthermore, with aqueous ferroin and Sudan I in ethanol as inert colorants, the effects of the intermolecular distance of the absorbing substance on the correctness of finding the thermophysical parameters are considered. The recommendations for checking the operation of the thermal-lens setup to ensure the maximum accuracy are given. The results obtained help reducing the impact of each investigated factor on the value of systematic error and correctly measure the thermophysical parameters using thermal-lens spectrometry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena in Nanomaterials)

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9 pages, 2338 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Liquid-Modulated Photothermal Phenomena in Porous Silicon Nanostructures Studied by μ-Raman Spectroscopy

by Oksana Makukha, Ivan Lysenko and Ali Belarouci

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(2), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13020310 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1200

Abstract

In the present study, the effect of liquid filling of the nanopore network on thermal transport in porous Si layers was investigated by μ-Raman spectroscopy. The values of thermal conductivity of porous Si and porous Si-hexadecane composites were estimated by fitting the experimentally [...] Read more.

In the present study, the effect of liquid filling of the nanopore network on thermal transport in porous Si layers was investigated by μ-Raman spectroscopy. The values of thermal conductivity of porous Si and porous Si-hexadecane composites were estimated by fitting the experimentally measured photoinduced temperature rise with finite element method simulations. As a result, filling the pores with hexadecane led to (i) an increase in the thermal conductivity of the porous Si-hexadecane composite in a wide range of porosity levels (40–80%) and (ii) a suppression of the characteristic laser-induced phase transition of Si from cubic to hexagonal form. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena in Nanomaterials)

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11 pages, 2918 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photo- and Radiofrequency-Induced Heating of Photoluminescent Colloidal Carbon Dots

by Gauhar Mussabek, Nazym Zhylkybayeva, Ivan Lysenko, Pavlo O. Lishchuk, Saule Baktygerey, Dana Yermukhamed, Yerzhan Taurbayev, Gani Sadykov, Alexander N. Zaderko, Valeriy A. Skryshevsky, Vladyslav V. Lisnyak and Vladimir Lysenko

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2426; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142426 - 15 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1635

Abstract

Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing carbon nanoparticles (O, N-CDs) were prepared by a facile one-step solvothermal method using urea and citric acid precursors. This method is cost-effective and easily scalable, and the resulting O, N-CDs can be used without additional functionalization and sample pretreatment. The [...] Read more.

Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing carbon nanoparticles (O, N-CDs) were prepared by a facile one-step solvothermal method using urea and citric acid precursors. This method is cost-effective and easily scalable, and the resulting O, N-CDs can be used without additional functionalization and sample pretreatment. The structure of O, N-CDs was characterized by TEM, AFM, Raman, UV-vis, and FTIR spectroscopies. The obtained O, N-CDs with a mean diameter of 4.4 nm can be easily dispersed in aqueous solutions. The colloidal aqueous solutions of O, N-CDs show significant photothermal responses under red-IR and radiofrequency (RF) irradiations. The as-prepared O, N-CDs have a bright temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL). PL/PLE spectral maps were shown to be used for temperature evaluation purposes in the range of 30–50 °C. In such a way, the O, N-CDs could be used for biomedicine-related applications such as hyperthermia with simultaneous temperature estimation with PL imaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena in Nanomaterials)

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13 pages, 17208 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photothermal Effects and Heat Conduction in Nanogranular Silicon Films

by Bayan A. Kurbanova, Gauhar K. Mussabek, Viktor Y. Timoshenko, Vladimir Lysenko and Zhandos N. Utegulov

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2379; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092379 - 13 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2355

Abstract

We present results on the photothermal (PT) and heat conductive properties of nanogranular silicon (Si) films synthesized by evaporation of colloidal droplets (drop-casting) of 100 ± 50 nm-sized crystalline Si nanoparticles (NP) deposited on glass substrates. Simulations of the absorbed light intensity and [...] Read more.

We present results on the photothermal (PT) and heat conductive properties of nanogranular silicon (Si) films synthesized by evaporation of colloidal droplets (drop-casting) of 100 ± 50 nm-sized crystalline Si nanoparticles (NP) deposited on glass substrates. Simulations of the absorbed light intensity and photo-induced temperature distribution across the Si NP films were carried out by using the Finite difference time domain (FDTD) and finite element mesh (FEM) modeling and the obtained data were compared with the local temperatures measured by micro-Raman spectroscopy and then was used for determining the heat conductivities

k

in the films of various thicknesses. The cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition in Si NP films caused by laser-induced heating was found to be heavily influenced by the film thickness and heat-conductive properties of glass substrate, on which the films were deposited. The

k

values in drop-casted Si nanogranular films were found to be in the range of lowest

k

of other types of nanostructurely voided Si films due to enhanced phonon scattering across inherently voided topology, weak NP-NP and NP-substrate interface bonding within nanogranular Si films. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena in Nanomaterials)

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19 pages, 9295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Situ Photoacoustic Study of Optical Properties of P-Type (111) Porous Silicon Thin Films

by Cristian Felipe Ramirez-Gutierrez, Ivan Alonso Lujan-Cabrera, Cesar Isaza, Ely Karina Anaya Rivera and Mario Enrique Rodriguez-Garcia

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051314 - 17 May 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2668

Abstract

Porous silicon (PSi) on p

^{+ +}

-type (111) silicon substrate has been fabricated by electronically etching method in hydrofluoric acid (HF) media from 5 to 110 mA/cm

^{2}

of anodizing current density. The problem of determining the optical properties of (111) PSi [...] Read more.

Porous silicon (PSi) on p

^{+ +}

-type (111) silicon substrate has been fabricated by electronically etching method in hydrofluoric acid (HF) media from 5 to 110 mA/cm

^{2}

of anodizing current density. The problem of determining the optical properties of (111) PSi is board through implementing a photoacoustic (PA) technique coupled to an electrochemical cell for real-time monitoring of the formation of porous silicon thin films. PA amplitude allows the calculation of the real part of the films refractive index and porosity using the reflectance self-modulation due to the interference effect between the PSi film and the substrate that produces a periodic PA amplitude. The optical properties are studied from specular reflectance measurements fitted through genetic algorithms, transfer matrix method (TMM), and the effective medium theory, where the Maxwell Garnett (MG), Bruggeman (BR), and Looyenga (LLL) models were tested to determine the most suitable for pore geometry and compared with the in situ PA method. It was found that (111) PSi exhibit a branched pore geometry producing optical anisotropy and high scattering films. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena in Nanomaterials)

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37 pages, 13627 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detonation Nanodiamonds: A Comparison Study by Photoacoustic, Diffuse Reflectance, and Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR Spectroscopies

by Dmitry S. Volkov, Petr K. Krivoshein and Mikhail A. Proskurnin

Nanomaterials 2020, 10(12), 2501; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122501 - 13 Dec 2020

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3781

Abstract

The qualitative analysis of nanodiamonds by FTIR spectrometry as photoacoustic (FTIR–PAS), diffuse-reflectance (DRIFT), and attenuated total reflection (ATR) modalities was evaluated for rapid and nondestructive analysis and comparison of nanodiamonds. The reproducibility and signal-gathering depth of spectra was compared. The assignment of characteristic [...] Read more.

The qualitative analysis of nanodiamonds by FTIR spectrometry as photoacoustic (FTIR–PAS), diffuse-reflectance (DRIFT), and attenuated total reflection (ATR) modalities was evaluated for rapid and nondestructive analysis and comparison of nanodiamonds. The reproducibility and signal-gathering depth of spectra was compared. The assignment of characteristic bands showed that only six groups of bands were present in spectra of all the modalities with appropriate sensitivity: 1760 (C=O stretch, isolated carboxyl groups); 1640–1632 (H–O–H bend, liquid water); 1400–1370 (non-carboxyl C–O–H in-plane bend and CH₂ deformation); 1103 (non-carboxyl C–O stretch); 1060 (in-plane C–H bend, non-aromatic hydrocarbons and carbohydrates); 940 cm⁻¹ (out-of-plane carboxyl C–O–H bend). DRIFT provides the maximum number of bands and is capable of measuring hydrogen-bonded bands and CH_x groups. ATR provides the good sensitivity for water and C–H/C–C bands in the range 2000–400 cm⁻¹. FTIR–PAS reveals less bands than DRIFT but more intense bands than ATR–FTIR and shows the maximum sensitivity for absorption bands that do not appear in ATR-IR spectra and are expedient for supporting either DRIFT or FTIR–PAS along with depth-profiling. Thus, all three modalities are required for the full characterization of nanodiamonds surface functional groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena in Nanomaterials)

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Review

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30 pages, 5560 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application of the Photoacoustic Approach in the Characterization of Nanostructured Materials

by Mykola Isaiev, Gauhar Mussabek, Pavlo Lishchuk, Kateryna Dubyk, Nazym Zhylkybayeva, Gulmira Yar-Mukhamedova, David Lacroix and Vladimir Lysenko

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(4), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12040708 - 21 Feb 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2474

Abstract

A new generation of sensors can be engineered based on the sensing of several markers to satisfy the conditions of the multimodal detection principle. From this point of view, photoacoustic-based sensing approaches are essential. The photoacoustic effect relies on the generation of light-induced [...] Read more.

A new generation of sensors can be engineered based on the sensing of several markers to satisfy the conditions of the multimodal detection principle. From this point of view, photoacoustic-based sensing approaches are essential. The photoacoustic effect relies on the generation of light-induced deformation (pressure) perturbations in media, which is essential for sensing applications since the photoacoustic response is formed due to a contrast in the optical, thermal, and acoustical properties. It is also particularly important to mention that photoacoustic light-based approaches are flexible enough for the measurement of thermal/elastic parameters. Moreover, the photoacoustic approach can be used for imaging and visualization in material research and biomedical applications. The advantages of photoacoustic devices are their compact sizes and the possibility of on-site measurements, enabling the online monitoring of material parameters. The latter has significance for the development of various sensing applications, including biomedical ones, such as monitoring of the biodistribution of biomolecules. To extend sensing abilities and to find reliable measurement conditions, one needs to clearly understand all the phenomena taking place during energy transformation during photoacoustic signal formation. Therefore, the current paper is devoted to an overview of the main measurement principles used in the photoacoustic setup configurations, with a special focus on the key physical parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena in Nanomaterials)

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