Carbon Dots and Carbon Dots-Based Materials for Multifunctional Applications

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "2D and Carbon Nanomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 8621

Special Issue Editors

1. Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
2. Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
Interests: molten metal; carbon dots; sonochemistry; nanotechnology; nanomaterials; synthesis; characterizations
Faculty of Life Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Interests: molten metal; carbon dots; sonochemistry; nanotechnology; nanomaterials; synthesis; characterizations; biomedical applications; fuel cell; catalysis; nano-bio-chem interfaces
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanoscale carbon dots are of great interest in nanotechnology due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. These can lead to many potential applications, which unlock many new pathways in nanotechnology.

This Special Issue aims to introduce the reader to the synthesis and development of carbon quantum dots or doped carbon dots for multifunctional application. Modifications of either the nanosized metals and the carbon dots can allow their binding to many organic molecules, polymers, ligands, antibodies, proteins, DNA, and drugs. The development of carbon quantum dots or carbon dot-based nanomaterials is a fast-growing area due to their wide range of applications and recyclability in various fields, such as catalysis, sensors, optics, electronics, functional protective coatings, and more. With this nanotechnology concept in mind, this Special Issue aims to combine the preparation and characterization of innovative nanoscale carbon dots materials with applications in various fields based solely on nanoscale technology.

Topics to be covered in this Special Issue include:

  • The primary focus will be the synthesis and characterization of nanoscale carbon dots.
  • Modification of nanoscale carbon dots with metal/nonmetal or other chemical functional groups.
  • Doping of carbon dots with metal nanoparticles for various applications.
  • Technology and applications transfer of nanoscale carbon quantum dots.
  • Of particular interest is not only the application of these nanomaterials but also their scaleup.

Prof. Dr. Aharon Gedanken
Prof. Dr. Zeev Porat
Dr. Vijay Bhooshan Kumar
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • carbon dots
  • functionalized carbon dots
  • synthesis
  • advanced characterization
  • applications

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3139 KiB  
Article
One-Step Synthesis of Nitrogen/Fluorine Co-Doped Carbon Dots for Use in Ferric Ions and Ascorbic Acid Detection
by Yan Zhao, Xiaoxuan Zhu, Lu Liu, Zhiqing Duan, Yanping Liu, Weiyuan Zhang, Jingjing Cui, Yafang Rong and Chen Dong
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2377; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142377 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have caught enormous attention owing to their distinctive properties, such as their high water solubility, tunable optical properties, and easy surface modification, which can be generally used for the detection of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Herein, nitrogen and fluorine [...] Read more.
Carbon dots (CDs) have caught enormous attention owing to their distinctive properties, such as their high water solubility, tunable optical properties, and easy surface modification, which can be generally used for the detection of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Herein, nitrogen and fluorine co-doped carbon dots (NFCDs) were designed via a rapid, low-cost, and one-step microwave-assisted technique using DL-malic acid and levofloxacin. The NFCDs emitted intense green fluorescence under UV lighting, and the optical emission peak at 490 nm was observed upon a 280 nm excitation, with a high quantum yield of 21.03%. Interestingly, the spectral measurements illustrated excitation-independent and concentration-independent single-color fluorescence owing to the presence of nitrogen and fluorine elements in the surface functional groups. Additionally, the NFCDs were applied for the selective detection of Fe3+ and ascorbic acid based on the “turn-off” mode. The detection limits were determined as 1.03 and 4.22 µM, respectively. The quenching mechanisms were explored using the static quenching mechanism and the inner filter effect. Therefore, a NFCDs fluorescent probe with single color emission was successfully developed for the convenient and rapid detection of Fe3+ and ascorbic acid in environments. Full article
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15 pages, 7172 KiB  
Article
Study of Tribological Properties of Fullerenol and Nanodiamonds as Additives in Water-Based Lubricants for Amorphous Carbon (a-C) Coatings
by Shuqing Chen, Qi Ding, Yan Gu, Xin Quan, Ying Ma, Yulong Jia, Hongmei Xie and Jinzhu Tang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010139 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1580
Abstract
The tribological performances of fullerenol and nanodiamonds (NDs) as additives in water-based lubricants for amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings are investigated to avoid disadvantage factors, such as chemical reactions and deformation of particles. The effects of size and additive amount on tribological properties of [...] Read more.
The tribological performances of fullerenol and nanodiamonds (NDs) as additives in water-based lubricants for amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings are investigated to avoid disadvantage factors, such as chemical reactions and deformation of particles. The effects of size and additive amount on tribological properties of nanoparticles are studied by rigid nanoparticles within the dot size range. The results show that owing to its small particle size (1–2 nm), fullerenol cannot prevent direct contact of the friction pair at low concentration conditions. Only when the quantity of fullerenol increased to support the asperity contact loads in sufficient concentration did nano-bearings perform well in anti-friction and anti-wear effects. Unlike fullerenol, nanodiamond particles with a diameter of about 5–10 nm show friction-reducing effect based on the nano-bearing effects at ultra-low concentration (0.01 wt.%), whereas particles at higher concentration block the rolling movement, hence increasing the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear. As a result of the effect of difference in size, fullerenol provides a better overall lubrication, but it is hard to reach a friction coefficient as low as NDs even under the optimal conditions. Full article
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13 pages, 4409 KiB  
Article
Radiative and Non-Radiative Decay Pathways in Carbon Nanodots toward Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy
by Yujin Kim, Yoonsang Park, Seulgi Han, Wonchan Park, Mungu Kim, Kyunghwan Kim, Jinmyoung Joo, Sei Kwang Hahn and Woosung Kwon
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010070 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2122
Abstract
The origin and classification of energy states, as well as the electronic transitions and energy transfers associated with them, have been recognized as critical factors for understanding the optical properties of carbon nanodots (CNDs). Herein, we report the synthesis of CNDs in an [...] Read more.
The origin and classification of energy states, as well as the electronic transitions and energy transfers associated with them, have been recognized as critical factors for understanding the optical properties of carbon nanodots (CNDs). Herein, we report the synthesis of CNDs in an optimized process that allows low-temperature carbonization using ethanolamine as the major precursor and citric acid as an additive. The results obtained herein suggest that the energy states in our CNDs can be classified into four different types based on their chemical origin: carbogenic core states, surface defective states, molecular emissive states, and non-radiative trap states. Each energy state is associated with the occurrence of different types of emissions in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) range and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The potential pathways of radiative/non-radiative transitions in CNDs have been systematically studied using visible-to-NIR emission spectroscopy and fluorescence decay measurements. Furthermore, the bright photoluminescence and ROS generation of these CNDs render them suitable for in vitro imaging and photodynamic therapy applications. We believe that these new insights into the energy states of CNDs will result in significant improvements in other applications, such as photocatalysis and optoelectronics. Full article
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Review

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27 pages, 7507 KiB  
Review
Synthesis of Doped/Hybrid Carbon Dots and Their Biomedical Application
by Vijay Bhooshan Kumar, Ze’ev Porat and Aharon Gedanken
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(6), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12060898 - 08 Mar 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4325
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel type of carbon-based nanomaterial that has gained considerable attention for their unique optical properties, including tunable fluorescence, stability against photobleaching and photoblinking, and strong fluorescence, which is attributed to a large number of organic functional groups (amino [...] Read more.
Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel type of carbon-based nanomaterial that has gained considerable attention for their unique optical properties, including tunable fluorescence, stability against photobleaching and photoblinking, and strong fluorescence, which is attributed to a large number of organic functional groups (amino groups, hydroxyl, ketonic, ester, and carboxyl groups, etc.). In addition, they also demonstrate high stability and electron mobility. This article reviews the topic of doped CDs with organic and inorganic atoms and molecules. Such doping leads to their functionalization to obtain desired physical and chemical properties for biomedical applications. We have mainly highlighted modification techniques, including doping, polymer capping, surface functionalization, nanocomposite and core-shell structures, which are aimed at their applications to the biomedical field, such as bioimaging, bio-sensor applications, neuron tissue engineering, drug delivery and cancer therapy. Finally, we discuss the key challenges to be addressed, the future directions of research, and the possibilities of a complete hybrid format of CD-based materials. Full article
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