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Nanomaterials
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Nanodiamond Applications: From Biomedicine to Quantum Optics
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Nanodiamond Applications: From Biomedicine to Quantum Optics

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "2D and Carbon Nanomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 6668

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Igor I. Vlasov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
A. M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 142190, Russia
Interests: carbon nanomaterials; optical spectroscopy; color centers; nanosensors; single-photon emitters
Dr. Olga Shenderova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
International Technology Center, Raleigh, NC 27617, USA
Interests: functionalized fluorescent nanodiamonds (ND); optical and biological applications of ND; atomistic simulations of mechanical and electronic properties of carbon nanostructures; photonic composites; ND–polymer composites

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanodiamond (ND) particles have recently emerged as a key platform for many developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their outstanding mechanical performance, biocompatibility, facile functionalization and unique optical properties, a combination of features not often met in the nanoworld. Their super-hardness and exceptional chemical resistance motivate the application of NDs in novel wear-resistant polymer and metal coatings. Especially impressive are demonstrations of ND applications in biomedicine. The unique photoluminescent and spin properties of impurity defects in the diamond lattice has become an area of active research due to emerging applications in quantum information processing, bioimaging, and nanosensing. Single-photon emitters are one of the key components in quantum communication technology. Owing to a long photostability and a high quantum yield of luminescence at room temperature, nanodiamonds containing different color centers are the best candidates for the practical implementation of single-photon devices. Here, we have listed only a small selection of the promising areas of ND applications. Every year, this unique nanomaterial reveals new facets of its capabilities to researchers.

This Special Issue focuses on the latest achievements in ND developments and their practical applications. It aims to attract both academic and industrial researchers in order to foster the current knowledge of the diamond nanomaterial and to present new ideas for its future applications.

Dr. Igor I. Vlasov
Dr. Olga Shenderova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanodiamond
  • quantum information processing
  • bioimaging
  • nanosensing
  • photoluminescence
  • single-photon emitters

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3768 KiB  
Article
An Overview of Mechanical Properties of Diamond-like Phases under Tension
by Julia A. Baimova
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14020129 - 05 Jan 2024
Viewed by 738
Abstract
Diamond-like phases are materials with crystal lattices very similar to diamond. Recent results suggest that diamond-like phases are superhard and superstrong materials that can be used for tribological applications or as protective coatings. In this work, 14 stable diamond-like phases based on fullerenes, [...] Read more.
Diamond-like phases are materials with crystal lattices very similar to diamond. Recent results suggest that diamond-like phases are superhard and superstrong materials that can be used for tribological applications or as protective coatings. In this work, 14 stable diamond-like phases based on fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene layers are studied via molecular dynamics simulation. The compliance constants, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio were calculated. Deformation behavior under tension is analyzed based on two deformation modes—bond rotation and bond elongation. The results show that some of the considered phases possess very high Young’s modulus (E≥1) TPa, even higher than that of diamond. Both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio exhibit mechanical anisotropy. Half of the studied phases are partial auxetics possessing negative Poisson’s ratio with a minimum value of −0.8. The obtained critical values of applied tensile strain confirmed that diamond-like phases are high-strength structures with a promising application prospect. Interestingly, the critical limit is not a fracture but a phase transformation to the short-ordered crystal lattice. Overall, our results suggest that diamond-like phases have extraordinary mechanical properties, making them good materials for protective coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanodiamond Applications: From Biomedicine to Quantum Optics)
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10 pages, 2475 KiB  
Article
Determining the Dependence of Single Nitrogen−Vacancy Center Light Extraction in Diamond Nanostructures on Emitter Positions with Finite−Difference Time−Domain Simulations
by Tianfei Zhu, Jia Zeng, Feng Wen and Hongxing Wang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14010099 - 31 Dec 2023
Viewed by 864
Abstract
In this study, we obtained a diamond nanocone structure using the thermal annealing method, which was proposed in our previous work. Using finite–difference time–domain (FDTD) simulations, we demonstrate that the extraction efficiencies of nitrogen–vacancy (NV) center emitters in nanostructures are dependent on the [...] Read more.
In this study, we obtained a diamond nanocone structure using the thermal annealing method, which was proposed in our previous work. Using finite–difference time–domain (FDTD) simulations, we demonstrate that the extraction efficiencies of nitrogen–vacancy (NV) center emitters in nanostructures are dependent on the geometries of the nanocone/nanopillar, emitter polarizations and axis depths. Our results show that nanocones and nanopillars have advantages in extraction from emitter dipoles with s− and p−polarizations, respectively. In our simulations, the best results of collection efficiency were achieved from the emitter in a nanocone with s−polarization (57.96%) and the emitter in a nanopillar with p−polarization (38.40%). Compared with the nanopillar, the photon extraction efficiency of the emitters in the nanocone is more sensitive to the depth and polarization angle. The coupling differences between emitters and the nanocone/nanopillar are explained by the evolution of photon propagation modes and the internal reflection effects in diamond nanostructures. Our results could have positive impacts on the design and fabrication of NV center−based micro− and nano−optics in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanodiamond Applications: From Biomedicine to Quantum Optics)
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17 pages, 2409 KiB  
Article
Isolated Spin-7/2 Species of Gadolinium (III) Chelate Complexes on the Surface of 5-nm Diamond Particles
by Vladimir Yu. Osipov, Danil W. Boukhvalov and Kazuyuki Takai
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(13), 1995; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13131995 - 01 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1031
Abstract
The magnetic characteristics of a system of triply charged gadolinium ions Gd3+ chelated with carboxyls on the surface of detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles have been studied. Gd3+ ions demonstrate almost perfect spin (S = 7/2) paramagnetism with negligible antiferromagnetic interaction between [...] Read more.
The magnetic characteristics of a system of triply charged gadolinium ions Gd3+ chelated with carboxyls on the surface of detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles have been studied. Gd3+ ions demonstrate almost perfect spin (S = 7/2) paramagnetism with negligible antiferromagnetic interaction between spins (Weiss temperature about −0.35 K) for a wide range of concentrations up to ~18 ions per 5 nm particle. The study of the concentration dependence of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal for DND intrinsic defects with spin ½ (g = 2.0027) shows that Gd3+ ions are located on average at a distance of no more than 1.4 nm from shallow subsurface defects with spin 1/2. At the same time, they are located (according to density functional theory calculations) at a distance of about or at least 0.28 nm from the particle surface. Magnetic studies also confirm the isolated nature of the gadolinium chelate complexes on the surface of DND particles. DND particles turn out to be an optimal carrier for high-spin 4f- ions (gadolinium) in a highly concentrated isolated state. This property makes DND-Gd particles a candidate for the role of a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanodiamond Applications: From Biomedicine to Quantum Optics)
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11 pages, 2517 KiB  
Article
Clot Imaging Using Photostable Nanodiamond
by Samuel J. Francis, Marco D. Torelli, Nicholas A. Nunn, Gowthami M. Arepally and Olga A. Shenderova
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060961 - 07 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1623
Abstract
While thrombosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, an understanding of its triggers, progression, and response to anticoagulant therapy is lacking. Intravital fluorescence microscopy has advanced the study of thrombus formation by providing targeted, multi-color contrast. However, [...] Read more.
While thrombosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, an understanding of its triggers, progression, and response to anticoagulant therapy is lacking. Intravital fluorescence microscopy has advanced the study of thrombus formation by providing targeted, multi-color contrast. However, photodegradation of fluorophores limits the application in longitudinal studies (e.g., clot progression and/or dissolution). Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) is a fluorophore which utilizes intrinsic fluorescence of chromogenic centers within and protected by the diamond crystalline lattice. Recent developments in diamond processing have allowed for the controlled production of nanodiamonds emitting in green or red. Here, the use of FND to label blood clots and/or clot lysis is demonstrated and compared to commonly used organic fluorophores. Model ex vivo clots were formed with incorporated labeled fibrinogen to allow imaging. FND was shown to match the morphology of organic fluorophore labels absent of photobleaching over time. The addition of tissue plasminogen activator (tPa) allowed visualization of the clot lysis stage, which is vital to studies of both DVT and pulmonary embolism resolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanodiamond Applications: From Biomedicine to Quantum Optics)
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10 pages, 3960 KiB  
Article
Heat Release by Isolated Mouse Brain Mitochondria Detected with Diamond Thermometer
by Alexey M. Romshin, Alexander A. Osypov, Irina Yu. Popova, Vadim E. Zeeb, Andrey G. Sinogeykin and Igor I. Vlasov
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13010098 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1629
Abstract
The production of heat by mitochondria is critical for maintaining body temperature, regulating metabolic rate, and preventing oxidative damage to mitochondria and cells. Until the present, mitochondrial heat production has been characterized only by methods based on fluorescent probes, which are sensitive to [...] Read more.
The production of heat by mitochondria is critical for maintaining body temperature, regulating metabolic rate, and preventing oxidative damage to mitochondria and cells. Until the present, mitochondrial heat production has been characterized only by methods based on fluorescent probes, which are sensitive to environmental variations (viscosity, pH, ionic strength, quenching, etc.). Here, for the first time, the heat release of isolated mitochondria was unambiguously measured by a diamond thermometer (DT), which is absolutely indifferent to external non-thermal parameters. We show that during total uncoupling of transmembrane potential by CCCP application, the temperature near the mitochondria rises by 4–22 °C above the ambient temperature with an absolute maximum of 45 °C. Such a broad variation in the temperature response is associated with the heterogeneity of the mitochondria themselves as well as their aggregations in the isolated suspension. Spontaneous temperature bursts with comparable amplitude were also detected prior to CCCP application, which may reflect involvement of some mitochondria to ATP synthesis or membrane potential leaking to avoid hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species. The results obtained with the diamond temperature sensor shed light on the “hot mitochondria” paradox. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanodiamond Applications: From Biomedicine to Quantum Optics)
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