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Inhibitors of Plant Hormone Biosynthesis and Signaling

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 12564

Special Issue Editor

Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Interests: plant nutrition; orphan crops; analytical methods, including HPLC, UHPLC, GC, mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, electrophoresis and quantitative PCR; separation and analysis of chiral molecules; enzyme assays; inhibitors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inhibitors of plant hormone biosynthesis and signaling are widely applied in agriculture and horticulture for the regulation of plant growth and development. Moreover, they are valuable tools for research. Inhibitors can be used to study developmental, physiological, and biochemical processes in different genetic backgrounds and plant species. Importantly, they are often useful to overcome functional redundancy, for instance, in polyploid species, where mutant approaches are difficult to realize. In addition, their application can be limited to a certain developmental stage, allowing transient modulation of desired processes.
The main topics of this Special Issue are the identification, synthesis, and characterization of novel inhibitors as well as improved synthesis of known compounds with special emphasis to green chemistry. Further, structure–activity relation studies for developing more active or stable compounds as well as identifying residues critical for activity are of great interest.
While for many compounds, a high activity for a certain process has been shown, information about the molecular targets and specificity are scarce. Similarly, although many inhibitors are chiral molecules, they are applied as mixtures of enantiomers, and it often remains unknown which stereoisomer shows biological activity. Thus, the identification of targets, specificity of novel and widely used compounds, and their stereochemical–activity relationship are also of main interest. That includes methods for enantiomer separation and enantioselective synthesis.
In order to exert its activity, the uptake of the compound and its transport within the plant are critical. Some compounds are also applied as prodrugs that require activation in the plant cell or tissue. In addition, many compounds interfering with plant hormone biosynthesis and signaling are modified and thus inactivated by plants.
Likewise, manuscripts about novel analytical methods for the detection of plant growth regulators in food, forage, and environmental samples are highly attractive topics for this Special Issue.
Original research articles, short communications, and reviews addressing the aforementioned or similar topics are welcome. For reviews, a brief proposal should be communicated prior to manuscript preparation to avoid overlap with other submissions.

Prof. Dr. Wilfried Rozhon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

  • enzyme inhibitor
  • ligand–protein interactions
  • structure–activity relationship
  • stereochemistry
  • auxins
  • cytokinins
  • gibberellins
  • brassinosteroids
  • ethylene
  • salicylic acid
  • jasmonic acid
  • abscisic acid
  • strigolactones

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2064 KiB  
Article
Changes in Endogenous Phytohormones of Gerbera jamesonii Axillary Shoots Multiplied under Different Light Emitting Diodes Light Quality
by Monika Cioć, Michał Dziurka and Bożena Pawłowska
Molecules 2022, 27(6), 1804; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061804 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2262
Abstract
Light quality is essential in in vitro cultures for morphogenesis process. Light emitting diodes system (LED) allows adjustment as desired and the most appropriate light spectrum. The study analyzed the influence of different LED light quality on the balance of endogenous phytohormones and [...] Read more.
Light quality is essential in in vitro cultures for morphogenesis process. Light emitting diodes system (LED) allows adjustment as desired and the most appropriate light spectrum. The study analyzed the influence of different LED light quality on the balance of endogenous phytohormones and related compounds (PhRC) in in vitro multiplied axillary shoots of Gerbera jamesonii. Over a duration of 40 days, the shoots were exposed to 100% red light, 100% blue light, red and blue light at a 7:3 ratio with control fluorescent lamps. Every 10 days plant tissues were tested for their PhRC content with the use of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Shoots’ morphometric features were analyzed after a multiplication cycle. We identified 35 PhRC including twelve cytokinins, seven auxins, nine gibberellins, and seven stress-related phytohormones. Compounds content varied from 0.00052 nmol/g to 168.15 nmol/g of dry weight (DW). The most abundant group were stress-related phytohormones (particularly benzoic and salicylic acids), and the least abundant were cytokinins (about 370 times smaller content). LED light did not disturb the endogenous phytohormone balance, and more effectively mitigated the stress experienced by in vitro grown plants than the fluorescent lamps. The stress was most effectively reduced under the red LED. Red and red:blue light lowered tissue auxin levels. Blue LED light lowered the shoot multiplication rate and their height, and induced the highest content of gibberellins at the last stage of the culture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhibitors of Plant Hormone Biosynthesis and Signaling)
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12 pages, 1881 KiB  
Article
Triflumizole as a Novel Lead Compound for Strigolactone Biosynthesis Inhibitor
by Kojiro Kawada, Yuya Uchida, Ikuo Takahashi, Takahito Nomura, Yasuyuki Sasaki, Tadao Asami, Shunsuke Yajima and Shinsaku Ito
Molecules 2020, 25(23), 5525; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235525 - 25 Nov 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2601
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones involved in the development of various plants. SLs also stimulate seed germination of the root parasitic plants, Striga spp. and Orobanche spp., which reduce crop yield. Therefore, regulating SL biosynthesis may lessen the damage of root parasitic [...] Read more.
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones involved in the development of various plants. SLs also stimulate seed germination of the root parasitic plants, Striga spp. and Orobanche spp., which reduce crop yield. Therefore, regulating SL biosynthesis may lessen the damage of root parasitic plants. Biosynthetic inhibitors effectively control biological processes by targeted regulation of biologically active compounds. In addition, biosynthetic inhibitors regulate endogenous levels in developmental stage- and tissue-specific manners. To date, although some chemicals have been found as SL biosynthesis inhibitor, these are derived from only three lead chemicals. In this study, to find a novel lead chemical for SL biosynthesis inhibitor, 27 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives were screened for inhibition of SL biosynthesis. Triflumizole most effectively reduced the levels of rice SL, 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO), in root exudates. In addition, triflumizole inhibited endogenous 4DO biosynthesis in rice roots by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of Os900, a rice enzyme that converts the SL intermediate carlactone to 4DO. A Striga germination assay revealed that triflumizole-treated rice displayed a reduced level of germination stimulation for Striga. These results identify triflumizole as a novel lead compound for inhibition of SL biosynthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhibitors of Plant Hormone Biosynthesis and Signaling)
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Review

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55 pages, 7336 KiB  
Review
Inhibitors of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signal Transduction
by Wilfried Rozhon, Sonia Akter, Atiara Fernandez and Brigitte Poppenberger
Molecules 2019, 24(23), 4372; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234372 - 29 Nov 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6796
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors are invaluable tools for investigating protein function in reverse genetic approaches. Their application bears many advantages over mutant generation and characterization. Inhibitors can overcome functional redundancy, their application is not limited to species for which tools of molecular genetics are available [...] Read more.
Chemical inhibitors are invaluable tools for investigating protein function in reverse genetic approaches. Their application bears many advantages over mutant generation and characterization. Inhibitors can overcome functional redundancy, their application is not limited to species for which tools of molecular genetics are available and they can be applied to specific tissues or developmental stages, making them highly convenient for addressing biological questions. The use of inhibitors has helped to elucidate hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and here we review compounds that were developed for the plant hormones brassinosteroids (BRs). BRs are steroids that have strong growth-promoting capacities, are crucial for all stages of plant development and participate in adaptive growth processes and stress response reactions. In the last two decades, impressive progress has been made in BR inhibitor development and application, which has been instrumental for studying BR modes of activity and identifying and characterizing key players. Both, inhibitors that target biosynthesis, such as brassinazole, and inhibitors that target signaling, such as bikinin, exist and in a comprehensive overview we summarize knowledge and methodology that enabled their design and key findings of their use. In addition, the potential of BR inhibitors for commercial application in plant production is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhibitors of Plant Hormone Biosynthesis and Signaling)
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