Research

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15 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant Activity of Humulus lupulus Phenolic Hop Extracts in Creating a New Pâté: An Element Affecting Fat Stability and Microbiological Quality during Storage

by Agnieszka Bilska, Joanna Kobus-Cisowska, Janusz Wojtczak, Ryszard Kowalski and Ewelina Kaczmarek

Molecules 2024, 29(7), 1561; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071561 - 31 Mar 2024

Viewed by 460

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hop extracts on changes in the primary and secondary fat oxidation products, physicochemical properties, and microbiological quality of pâté-type offal sausages obtained through the partial replacement of animal fat with vegetable fat. [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hop extracts on changes in the primary and secondary fat oxidation products, physicochemical properties, and microbiological quality of pâté-type offal sausages obtained through the partial replacement of animal fat with vegetable fat. This study demonstrated that the extraction efficiency varied among hop cone varieties, with the highest efficiency observed for the Lubelski variety and the lowest for the Magnum variety. The phenolic compound content was higher in the Magnum cones (2.74 ± 0.11 mg/g dry matter) compared to the Lubelska cones (2.27 ± 0.05 mg/g of product). Additionally, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was greater in the extract from the Magnum cones (4.21 ± 0.09 mg TE/g d.w.) than in the extract from the Lublelski cones (3.87 ± 0.05 mg TE/ g d.w.). Similarly, the extracts from the Lubelski cones exhibited a higher antiradical activity against the ABTS radical compared to the extract from Magnum cones. Throughout storage, a significant increase in the pH value was observed in the control sample and in the samples with a 20% replacement of animal fat with rapeseed oil and Magnum hop extract. However, the addition of Lubelski hop extract resulted in a decrease in the pH value during the 15-day storage period. The samples with a 20% replacement of animal fat with rapeseed oil and 0.1% Lubelski hop extract showed the least changes in water activity during storage. The samples with a 20% replacement of animal fat with rapeseed oil and the addition of 0.2% Lubelski hop extract had the lowest peroxide value and TBARS index throughout the storage period. The addition of hop extract inhibited the growth of the total number of microorganisms in the tested sausages. In the samples with a 20% replacement of animal fat with rapeseed oil, the content of aerobic microorganisms, compared to the control sample, was statistically significantly lower. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

18 pages, 1988 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of the Sideritis scardica Extract SidTea+^TM and Its Effect on Physiological Profile, Metabolic Health and Redox Biomarkers in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

by Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Konstantinos Kouloridas, Anastasia Rosvoglou, Athanasios Gatsas, Kalliopi Georgakouli, Chariklia K. Deli, Dimitrios Draganidis, Aikaterini Argyropoulou, Dimitris Michailidis, Ioannis G. Fatouros and Athanasios Z. Jamurtas

Molecules 2024, 29(5), 1113; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051113 - 01 Mar 2024

Viewed by 711

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize a Sideritis scardica extract (SidTea+^TM) and investigate its effect on the physiological profile, metabolic health and redox status in healthy individuals. The chemical profile and antioxidant potential of the SidTea+^TM extract were evaluated by UPLC-HRMS [...] Read more.

This study aimed to characterize a Sideritis scardica extract (SidTea+^TM) and investigate its effect on the physiological profile, metabolic health and redox status in healthy individuals. The chemical profile and antioxidant potential of the SidTea+^TM extract were evaluated by UPLC-HRMS analysis and in vitro cell-free methods. Twenty-eight healthy adults participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Participants consumed 1500 mg/day of SidTea+^TM or a placebo for 4 weeks. At baseline and post-supplementation, participants were assessed for their anthropometric and physiological profile and provided a resting blood sample. SidTea+^TM decreased (p < 0.05) systolic blood pressure (−10.8 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (−4.5 mmHg), resting heart rate (−3.1 bpm) and handgrip strength of the non-dominant limb (−0.8 kg) whereas the placebo decreased (p < 0.05) handgrip strength of the dominant (−5.8 kg) and non-dominant (−3.2 kg) limb. SidTea+^TM also resulted in an increase (p < 0.05) in estimated VO₂max (+1.1 mL/kg/min) and a reduction (p < 0.05) in γ-GT and SGPT enzymatic activity in serum (−3.7 and −3.3 U/L, respectively). Finally, SidTea+^TM increased (p < 0.001) total antioxidant capacity and decreased (p < 0.05) lipid peroxidation levels in plasma. These results indicate that SidTea+^TM is a potent and safe to use antioxidant that can elicit positive changes in indices of blood pressure, cardiorespiratory capacity, liver metabolism, and redox status in healthy adults over a 4-week supplementation period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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11 pages, 3302 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

ROS Scavenging Effect of Selected Isoflavones in Provoked Oxidative Stress Conditions in Human Skin Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes

by Magdalena Wójciak, Piotr Drozdowski, Aleksandra Ziemlewska, Martyna Zagórska-Dziok, Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska, Tomasz Kubrak and Ireneusz Sowa

Molecules 2024, 29(5), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29050955 - 22 Feb 2024

Viewed by 580

Abstract

Isoflavones, belonging to polyphenolic compounds, show structural similarity to natural estrogens, and in this context, they have been extensively studied. Some of them are also applied as cosmetic additives; however, little is known regarding their effects on skin cells. In this investigation, common [...] Read more.

Isoflavones, belonging to polyphenolic compounds, show structural similarity to natural estrogens, and in this context, they have been extensively studied. Some of them are also applied as cosmetic additives; however, little is known regarding their effects on skin cells. In this investigation, common isoflavones, including genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin, and biochanin A, as well as coumestrol, were evaluated for antioxidant activity and their impact on human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Antioxidant effects were assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP tests, and the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested in cells with H₂O₂-provoked oxidative stress. The impact on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) was also explored. As shown by Alamar Blue and neutral red uptake assays, the compounds were not toxic within the tested concentration range, and formononetin and coumestrol even demonstrated a stimulatory effect on cells. Coumestrol and biochanin A demonstrated significant antioxidative potential, leading to a significant decrease in ROS in the cells stimulated by H₂O₂. Furthermore, they influenced enzyme activity, preventing depletion during induced oxidative stress, and also reduced MDA levels, demonstrating protection against lipid peroxidation. In turn, genistein, daidzein, and glycitein exhibited low antioxidant capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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19 pages, 2396 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Bioactivity of a Hydroxytyrosol-Enriched Extract Originated after Direct Hydrolysis of Olive Leaves from Greek Cultivars

by Maria Kourti, Zoi Skaperda, Fotios Tekos, Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Christina Koutra, Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis and Demetrios Kouretas

Molecules 2024, 29(2), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29020299 - 06 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1421

Abstract

Nowadays, olive leaf polyphenols have been at the center of scientific interest due to their beneficial effects on human health. The most abundant polyphenol in olive leaves is oleuropein. The biological properties of oleuropein are mainly due to the hydroxytyrosol moiety, a drastic [...] Read more.

Nowadays, olive leaf polyphenols have been at the center of scientific interest due to their beneficial effects on human health. The most abundant polyphenol in olive leaves is oleuropein. The biological properties of oleuropein are mainly due to the hydroxytyrosol moiety, a drastic catechol group, whose biological activity has been mentioned many times in the literature. Hence, in recent years, many nutritional supplements, food products, and cosmetics enriched in hydroxytyrosol have been developed and marketed, with unexpectedly positive results. However, the concentration levels of hydroxytyrosol in olive leaves are low, as it depends on several agricultural factors. In this study, a rapid and easy methodology for the production of hydroxytyrosol-enriched extracts from olive leaves was described. The proposed method is based on the direct acidic hydrolysis of olive leaves, where the extraction procedure and the hydrolysis of oleuropein are carried out in one step. Furthermore, we tested the in vitro bioactivity of this extract using cell-free and cell-based methods, evaluating its antioxidant and DNA-protective properties. Our results showed that the hydroxytyrosol-enriched extract produced after direct hydrolysis of olive leaves exerted significant in vitro antioxidant and geno-protective activity, and potentially these extracts could have various applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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17 pages, 2079 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Composition of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. Steam and Leaf Phenolic Extract and Its Protective Mechanism on t-BHP-Induced Oxidative Damage of HepG2 Cells

by Shuang Tang, Jin Yong, Jin Yan, Teng Peng, Fei Long and Hulan Chen

Molecules 2023, 28(22), 7487; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227487 - 08 Nov 2023

Viewed by 827

Abstract

Plant phenolic compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the composition and antioxidant activity of phenol extracts from Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. steam and leaf (PPP). The FTIR, UPLC-Q-Obtrip-MS, and HPLC−DAD methods were used to analyze [...] Read more.

Plant phenolic compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the composition and antioxidant activity of phenol extracts from Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. steam and leaf (PPP). The FTIR, UPLC-Q-Obtrip-MS, and HPLC−DAD methods were used to analyze the composition of PPP, and 20 phenolic compounds were preliminarily identified. Among them, the contents of hyperin, astragalin, and diosmetin levels were the highest. Treatment with PPP can significantly reduce t-BHP-induced cell damage in HepG2 cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH−Px) activities can be increased. Moreover, PPP enhanced Nrf2 expression, which was consistent with that of heme oxygenase-1 (HO−1), glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), whereas the expression of Keap1, the Nrf2 inhibitor, was decreased. All findings indicate that PPP can serve as a natural bioactive substance for preventing oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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20 pages, 2176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Neuroprotective and Antiherpetic Properties of Polyphenolic Compounds from Maackia amurensis Heartwood

by Darya V. Tarbeeva, Dmitry V. Berdyshev, Evgeny A. Pislyagin, Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya, Natalya Y. Kim, Anatoliy I. Kalinovskiy, Natalya V. Krylova, Olga V. Iunikhina, Elena V. Persiyanova, Mikhail Y. Shchelkanov, Valeria P. Grigorchuk, Dmitry L. Aminin and Sergey A. Fedoreyev

Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2593; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062593 - 13 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1143

Abstract

In this study, we isolated a new isoflavanostilbene maackiapicevestitol (1) as a mixture of two stable conformers 1a and 1b as well as five previously known dimeric and monomeric stilbens: piceatannol (2), maackin (3), scirpusin A ( [...] Read more.

In this study, we isolated a new isoflavanostilbene maackiapicevestitol (1) as a mixture of two stable conformers 1a and 1b as well as five previously known dimeric and monomeric stilbens: piceatannol (2), maackin (3), scirpusin A (4), maackiasine (5), and maackolin (6) from M. amurensis heartwood, using column chromatography on polyamide, silicagel, and C-18. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by NMR, HR-MS, and CD techniques. Maksar^® obtained from M. amurensis heartwood and polyphenolics 1–6 possessed moderate anti-HSV-1 activity in cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition and RT-PCR assays. A model of PQ-induced neurotoxicity was used to study the neuroprotective potential of polyphenolic compounds from M. amurensis. Maksar^® showed the highest neuroprotective activity and increased cell viability by 18% at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Maackolin (6) also effectively increased the viability of PQ-treated Neuro-2a cells and the value of mitochondrial membrane potential at concentrations up to 10 μΜ. Maksar^® and compounds 1–6 possessed higher FRAP and DPPH-scavenging effects than quercetin. However, only compounds 1 and 4 at concentrations of 10 μM as well as Maksar^® (10 μg/mL) statistically significantly reduced the level of intracellular ROS in PQ-treated Neuro-2a cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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14 pages, 1315 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Activity, and Chemometric Classification of Carob Pulp and Products

by Georgia D. Ioannou, Ioanna K. Savva, Atalanti Christou, Ioannis J. Stavrou and Constantina P. Kapnissi-Christodoulou

Molecules 2023, 28(5), 2269; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052269 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1896

Abstract

In recent years, carob and its derived products have gained wide attention due to their health-promoting effects, which are mainly attributed to their phenolic compounds. Carob samples (carob pulps, powders, and syrups) were analyzed to investigate their phenolic profile using high-performance liquid chromatography [...] Read more.

In recent years, carob and its derived products have gained wide attention due to their health-promoting effects, which are mainly attributed to their phenolic compounds. Carob samples (carob pulps, powders, and syrups) were analyzed to investigate their phenolic profile using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with gallic acid and rutin being the most abundant compounds. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of the samples were estimated through DPPH (IC₅₀ 98.83–488.47 mg extract/mL), FRAP (48.58–144.32 μmol TE/g product), and Folin–Ciocalteu (7.20–23.18 mg GAE/g product) spectrophotometric assays. The effect of thermal treatment and geographical origin of carobs and carob-derived products on their phenolic composition was assessed. Both factors significantly affect the concentrations of secondary metabolites and, therefore, samples’ antioxidant activity (p-value < 10⁻⁷). The obtained results (antioxidant activity and phenolic profile) were evaluated via chemometrics, through a preliminary principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The OPLS-DA model performed satisfactorily, differentiating all samples according to their matrix. Our results indicate that polyphenols and antioxidant capacity can be chemical markers for the classification of carob and its derived products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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18 pages, 2999 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Storage and Drying Treatments on Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Composition of Lemon and Clementine Peel Extracts

by Esther Gómez-Mejía, Iván Sacristán, Noelia Rosales-Conrado, María Eugenia León-González and Yolanda Madrid

Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1624; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041624 - 08 Feb 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1669

Abstract

Obtaining polyphenols from horticultural waste is an emerging trend that enables the valorization of resources and the recovery of value-added compounds. However, a pivotal point in the exploitation of these natural extracts is the assessment of their chemical stability. Hence, this study evaluates [...] Read more.

Obtaining polyphenols from horticultural waste is an emerging trend that enables the valorization of resources and the recovery of value-added compounds. However, a pivotal point in the exploitation of these natural extracts is the assessment of their chemical stability. Hence, this study evaluates the effect of temperature storage (20 and −20 °C) and drying methods on the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of clementine and lemon peel extracts, applying HPLC-DAD-MS, spectrophotometric methods, and chemometric tools. Vacuum-drying treatment at 60 °C proved to be rather suitable for retaining the highest antioxidant activity and the hesperidin, ferulic, and coumaric contents in clementine peel extracts. Lemon extracts showed an increase in phenolic acids after oven-drying at 40 °C, while hesperidin and rutin were sustained better at 60 °C. Hydroethanolic extracts stored for 90 days preserved antioxidant activity and showed an increase in the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in lemon peels, unlike in clementine peels. Additionally, more than 50% of the initial concentration was maintained up to 51 days, highlighting a half-life time of 71 days for hesperidin in lemon peels. Temperature was not significant in the preservation of the polyphenols evaluated, except for in rutin and gallic acid, thus, the extracts could be kept at 20 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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19 pages, 4217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Redox Biomarkers Assessment after Oral Administration of Wine Extract and Grape Stem Extract in Rats and Mice

by Fotios Tekos, Zoi Skaperda, Periklis Vardakas, Despina Kyriazi, Georgios C. Maravelis, Konstantinos Poulas, Ioannis A. Taitzoglou, Charitini Nepka and Demetrios Kouretas

Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1574; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041574 - 06 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1208

Abstract

Wine and by-products of the winemaking process, such as grape stems, are rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds that might be beneficial for animal and human health. In recent years, the administration of dietary polyphenols with strong antioxidant and cytoprotective properties has constituted an [...] Read more.

Wine and by-products of the winemaking process, such as grape stems, are rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds that might be beneficial for animal and human health. In recent years, the administration of dietary polyphenols with strong antioxidant and cytoprotective properties has constituted an emerging line of research interest toward disease prevention. However, in scientific literature, only a limited number of studies have investigated the safety and the toxicological risks of polyphenolic compounds in vivo. Based on the above, the purpose of the present study was two-fold: first, to examine the effects of oral administration of a grape stem extract, derived from the Greek red wine Mavrodaphne, on mice redox biomarkers; and second, to investigate the biological effects of oral administration of a wine extract, derived from the emblematic Greek red wine Xinomavro, on rats. Toward this purpose, body weight, growth rate, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters, as well as a panel of redox biomarkers, were examined. According to our results, the administration of Mavrodaphne grape stem extract in mice induced alterations in redox homeostasis, preventing mice from the adverse effects of lipid peroxidation. Contrariwise, the administration of Xinomavro wine extract induced both beneficial and harmful outcomes on rat redox status determined by the examined tissue. Collectively, our study reports that the Mavrodaphne grape stem extract, a serious pollutant when disposed in environmental matrices, is an important source of bioactive polyphenolic compounds that could protect from oxidative damage and improve animal and human health. Finally, the Xinomavro wine extract exerts tissue-specific changes in redox balance, which are indicative of the complexity that characterizes the biological systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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14 pages, 2646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feature Selection for the Interpretation of Antioxidant Mechanisms in Plant Phenolics

by Taiki Fujimoto and Hiroaki Gotoh

Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1454; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031454 - 02 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1379

Abstract

Antioxidants, represented by plant phenolics, protect living tissues by scavenging reactive oxygen species through diverse reaction mechanisms. Research on antioxidants is often individualized, for example, focusing on the evaluation of their activity against a single reactive oxygen species or examining the antioxidant properties [...] Read more.

Antioxidants, represented by plant phenolics, protect living tissues by scavenging reactive oxygen species through diverse reaction mechanisms. Research on antioxidants is often individualized, for example, focusing on the evaluation of their activity against a single reactive oxygen species or examining the antioxidant properties of compounds with similar structures. In this study, multivariate analysis was used to comprehensively examine antioxidant properties. Eighteen features were selected to explain the results of the antioxidant capacity tests. These selected features were then evaluated by supervised learning, using the results of the antioxidant capacity assays. Dimension-reduction techniques were also used to represent the compound space with antioxidants as a two-dimensional distribution. A small amount of data obtained from several assays provided us with comprehensive information on the relationships between the structures and activities of antioxidants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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13 pages, 4705 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Solanum elaeagnifolium Var. Obtusifolium (Dunal) Dunal: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts Chemically Characterized by Use of In Vitro and In Silico Approaches

by Mohammed Bouslamti, Amira Metouekel, Tarik Chelouati, Abdelfattah El Moussaoui, Azeddin El Barnossi, Mohamed Chebaibi, Hiba-Allah Nafidi, Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah, Abdulhakeem Alzahrani, Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud, Mohammed Bourhia, Badiaa Lyoussi and Ahmed Samir Benjelloun

Molecules 2022, 27(24), 8688; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248688 - 08 Dec 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1660

Abstract

The present work was designed to study the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of fruits (SFr) and leaf (SF) extracts from Solanum elaeagnifolium var. obtusifolium (Dunal) Dunal (S. elaeagnifolium). The chemical composition was determined using HPLC-DAD analysis. Colorimetric methods [...] Read more.

The present work was designed to study the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of fruits (SFr) and leaf (SF) extracts from Solanum elaeagnifolium var. obtusifolium (Dunal) Dunal (S. elaeagnifolium). The chemical composition was determined using HPLC-DAD analysis. Colorimetric methods were used to determine polyphenols and flavonoids. Antioxidant capacity was assessed with DPPH, TAC, and FRAP assays. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using disk diffusion and microdilution assays against two Gram (+) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6633 and Bacillus subtilis DSM-6333) and two Gram (-) bacteria (Escherichia coli K-12 and Proteus mirabilis ATCC-29906), while the antifungal effect was tested vs. Candida albicans ATCC-1023. By use of in silico studies, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the studied extracts were also investigated. HPLC analysis showed that both fruits and leaf extracts from S. elaeagnifolium were rich in luteolin, quercetin, gallic acid, and naringenin. Both SFr and SF generated good antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 35.15 ± 6.09 μg/mL and 132.46 ± 11.73 μg/mL, respectively. The EC₅₀ of SFr and SF was 35.15 ± 6.09 μg/mL and 132.46 ± 11.73 μg/mL, respectively. SFr and SF also showed a good total antioxidant capacity of 939.66 ± 5.01 μg AAE/and 890.1 ± 7.76 μg AAE/g, respectively. SFr had important antibacterial activity vs. all tested strains—most notably B. subtilis DSM-6333 and E. coli, with MICs values of 2.5 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 2.50 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively. SFr demonstrated potent antifungal activity against C. albicans, with an inhibition diameter of 9.00 ± 0.50 mm and an MIC of 0.31 ± 0.00 mg/mL. The in silico approach showed that all compounds detected in SFr and SF had high activity (between −5.368 and 8.416 kcal/mol) against the receptors studied, including NADPH oxidase, human acetylcholinesterase, and beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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Review

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16 pages, 1459 KiB

Open AccessReview

Natural Drugs: A New Direction for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes

by Peishan Wu and Xiaolei Wang

Molecules 2023, 28(14), 5525; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145525 - 20 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1275

Abstract

Insulin resistance, as a common pathological process of many metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity, has attracted much attention due to its relevant influencing factors. To date, studies have mainly focused on the shared mechanisms between mitochondrial stress and insulin resistance, and they [...] Read more.

Insulin resistance, as a common pathological process of many metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity, has attracted much attention due to its relevant influencing factors. To date, studies have mainly focused on the shared mechanisms between mitochondrial stress and insulin resistance, and they are now being pursued as a very attractive therapeutic target due to their extensive involvement in many human clinical settings. In view of the complex pathogenesis of diabetes, natural drugs have become new players in diabetes prevention and treatment because of their wide targets and few side effects. In particular, plant phenolics have received attention because of their close relationship with oxidative stress. In this review, we briefly review the mechanisms by which mitochondrial stress leads to insulin resistance. Moreover, we list some cytokines and genes that have recently been found to play roles in mitochondrial stress and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we describe several natural drugs that are currently widely used and give a brief overview of their therapeutic mechanisms. Finally, we suggest possible ideas for future research related to the unique role that natural drugs play in the treatment of insulin resistance through the above targets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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18 pages, 5157 KiB

Open AccessReview

Phenolic Compounds in Active Packaging and Edible Films/Coatings: Natural Bioactive Molecules and Novel Packaging Ingredients

by Ajit Kumar Singh, Jae Young Kim and Youn Suk Lee

Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7513; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217513 - 03 Nov 2022

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4251

Abstract

In recent years, changing lifestyles and food consumption patterns have driven demands for high-quality, ready-to-eat food products that are fresh, clean, minimally processed, and have extended shelf lives. This demand sparked research into the creation of novel tools and ingredients for modern packaging [...] Read more.

In recent years, changing lifestyles and food consumption patterns have driven demands for high-quality, ready-to-eat food products that are fresh, clean, minimally processed, and have extended shelf lives. This demand sparked research into the creation of novel tools and ingredients for modern packaging systems. The use of phenolic-compound-based active-packaging and edible films/coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities is an innovative approach that has gained widespread attention worldwide. As phenolic compounds are natural bioactive molecules that are present in a wide range of foods, such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, oils, spices, tea, chocolate, and wine, as well as agricultural waste and industrial byproducts, their utilization in the development of packaging materials can lead to improvements in the oxidative status and antimicrobial properties of food products. This paper reviews recent trends in the use of phenolic compounds as potential ingredients in food packaging, particularly for the development of phenolic compounds-based active packaging and edible films. Moreover, the applications and modes-of-action of phenolic compounds as well as their advantages, limitations, and challenges are discussed to highlight their novelty and efficacy in enhancing the quality and shelf life of food products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Plant Phenolics)

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