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Green Synthesis and Bioactivity Research on Metal Nanoparticles
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Green Synthesis and Bioactivity Research on Metal Nanoparticles

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 7640

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marimuthu Govindarajan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Unit of Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nadar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India
2. Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India
Interests: nanotechnology; natural products; biomedical advances
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jeganathan Pandiyan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, AVC Collete (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai 609305, Tamil Nadu, India
Interests: entomology; metals; nanotechnology; phytoproducts; bioactivity; ecotoxicology; conservation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biosynthetic green chemistry studying metal nanoparticles is crucial in the modern life sciences. For the purpose of using bioactivity processes in domains as diverse as medicine, environmental research, and engineering, scientists throughout the world are synthesizing a wide range of bioproducts from a wide variety of plants. In reality, chemicals are widely used in nanoparticle manufacturing, leading to severe contamination and intense stress for nontarget species. Furthermore, metal nanoparticles synthesized in an environmentally friendly manner are urgently needed as possible agents for the replacement of synthetic nanoparticles. However, seasonal influences may cause differences in the green particle of different plants at the local, national, and international levels. The most important aspect of green environment management is the development of bioproducts with green aspects.

Focusing on novel aspects of green synthesis and bioactivity of metal nanoparticles for better products and sustainability of the green environment with new protocols, benefits in health science, life science, environmental science, engineering, and so on, this Special Issue hopes to generate a database for quality research.

Researchers are welcome to contribute to all areas of greener nanoparticles, including but not limited to:

  • Green synthesis of nanoparticles and bioproducts;
  • Drug discovery and delivery;
  • Molecular medicine;
  • Pharmaceutical chemistry;
  • Biosafety;
  • Mechanisms of greener nanoparticles in potential biomedical and biological applications.

Dr. Marimuthu Govindarajan
Dr. Jeganathan Pandiyan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green synthesis
  • medicinal chemistry
  • phytochemistry
  • metal nanoparticles
  • phytoproducts

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 9199 KiB  
Article
Plant-Assisted Synthesis of Ag-Based Nanoparticles on Cotton: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Studies
by Ana Krkobabić, Maja Radetić, Andrea Zille, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Vanja Tadić, Tatjana Ilic-Tomic and Darka Marković
Molecules 2024, 29(7), 1447; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071447 - 23 Mar 2024
Viewed by 488
Abstract
The syntheses of Ag-based nanoparticles (NPs) with the assistance of plant extracts have been shown to be environmentally benign and cost-effective alternatives to conventional chemical syntheses. This study discusses the application of Paliurus spina-christi, Juglans regia, Humulus lupulus, and Sambucus [...] Read more.
The syntheses of Ag-based nanoparticles (NPs) with the assistance of plant extracts have been shown to be environmentally benign and cost-effective alternatives to conventional chemical syntheses. This study discusses the application of Paliurus spina-christi, Juglans regia, Humulus lupulus, and Sambucus nigra leaf extracts for in situ synthesis of Ag-based NPs on cotton fabric modified with citric acid. The presence of NPs with an average size ranging from 57 to 99 nm on the fiber surface was confirmed by FESEM. XPS analysis indicated that metallic (Ag0) and/or ionic silver (Ag2O and AgO) appeared on the surface of the modified cotton. The chemical composition, size, shape, and amounts of synthesized NPs were strongly dependent on the applied plant extract. All fabricated nanocomposites exhibited excellent antifungal activity against yeast Candida albicans. Antibacterial activity was significantly stronger against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus than Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. In addition, 99% of silver was retained on the samples after 24 h of contact with physiological saline solution, implying a high stability of nanoparticles. Cytotoxic activity towards HaCaT and MRC5 cells was only observed for the sample synthetized in the presence of H. lupulus extract. Excellent antimicrobial activity and non-cytotoxicity make the developed composites efficient candidates for medicinal applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Bioactivity Research on Metal Nanoparticles)
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25 pages, 6928 KiB  
Article
Rosmarinic Acid-Rich Perilla frutescens Extract-Derived Silver Nanoparticles: A Green Synthesis Approach for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications including Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities
by Vasudeva Reddy Netala, Tianyu Hou, Siva Sankar Sana, Huizhen Li and Zhijun Zhang
Molecules 2024, 29(6), 1250; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061250 - 12 Mar 2024
Viewed by 966
Abstract
This study describes a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using a rosmarinic acid extract from Perilla frutescens (PFRAE) as the bioreduction agent. The resulting nanoparticles, called PFRAE-AgNPs, were characterized using various analytical techniques. The UV–Vis spectrum confirmed the formation [...] Read more.
This study describes a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using a rosmarinic acid extract from Perilla frutescens (PFRAE) as the bioreduction agent. The resulting nanoparticles, called PFRAE-AgNPs, were characterized using various analytical techniques. The UV–Vis spectrum confirmed the formation of PFRAE-AgNPs, and the FTIR spectrum indicated the participation of rosmarinic acid in their synthesis and stabilization. The XRD pattern revealed the crystal structure of PFRAE-AgNPs, and the TEM analysis showed their spherical morphology with sizes ranging between 20 and 80 nm. The DLS analysis indicated that PFRAE-AgNPs were monodispersed with an average diameter of 44.0 ± 3.2 nm, and the high negative zeta potential (−19.65 mV) indicated their high stability. In the antibacterial assays, the PFRAE-AgNPs showed potent activity against both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial pathogens, suggesting that they could be used as a potential antibacterial agent in the clinical setting. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of PFRAE-AgNPs against DPPH and ABTS radical scavengers highlights their potential in the treatment of various oxidative stress-related diseases. PFRAE-AgNPs also demonstrated significant anticancer activity against a range of cell lines including human colon cancer (COLO205), human prostate carcinoma (PC-3), human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), and human ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cell lines suggesting their potential in cancer therapy. The nanoparticles may also have potential in drug delivery, as their small size and high stability could enable them to cross biological barriers and deliver drugs to specific target sites. In addition to the aforementioned properties, PFRAE-AgNPs were found to be biocompatible towards normal (CHO) cells, which is a crucial characteristic for their application in cancer therapy and drug delivery systems. Their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties make them promising candidates for the development of new therapeutic agents. Furthermore, their small size, high stability, and biocompatibility could enable them to be used in drug delivery systems to enhance drug efficacy and reduce side effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Bioactivity Research on Metal Nanoparticles)
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14 pages, 4028 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Taxifolin-Loaded Polydopamine for Chemo-Photothermal-Synergistic Therapy of Ovarian Cancer
by Yang Lu, Xinglong Liu, Ting Zhao, Chuanbo Ding, Qiteng Ding, Ning Wang, Shuang Ma, Lina Ma and Wencong Liu
Molecules 2024, 29(5), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051042 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 548
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a well-established method for treating cancer, but it has limited effectiveness due to its high dosage and harmful side effects. To address this issue, researchers have explored the use of photothermal agent nanoparticles as carriers for precise drug release in vivo. [...] Read more.
Chemotherapy is a well-established method for treating cancer, but it has limited effectiveness due to its high dosage and harmful side effects. To address this issue, researchers have explored the use of photothermal agent nanoparticles as carriers for precise drug release in vivo. In this study, three different sizes of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA–1, PDA–2, and PDA–3) were synthesized and evaluated. PDA–2 was selected for its optimal size, encapsulation rate, and drug loading rate. The release of the drug from PDA–2@TAX was tested at different pH and NIR laser irradiation levels. The results showed that PDA–2@TAX released more readily in an acidic environment and exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency when exposed to an 808 nm laser. In vitro experiments on ovarian cancer cells demonstrated that PDA–2@TAX effectively inhibited cell proliferation, highlighting its potential for synergistic chemotherapy-photothermal treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Bioactivity Research on Metal Nanoparticles)
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18 pages, 4132 KiB  
Article
Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Gold Nanoparticles with Cucurbita moschata Duchesne Ex Poiret Peel Aqueous Extracts
by Uğur Kaval and Hülya Hoşgören
Molecules 2024, 29(5), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29050923 - 20 Feb 2024
Viewed by 769
Abstract
In this study, AuNPs were biosynthesized from Cucurbita moschata fruit peel extracts. Biosynthesized AuNPs exhibited maximum absorbance at a 555 nm wavelength, and XRD analysis indicated that the CM-AuNPs had a particle size of less than 100 nm and a cubic crystal structure. [...] Read more.
In this study, AuNPs were biosynthesized from Cucurbita moschata fruit peel extracts. Biosynthesized AuNPs exhibited maximum absorbance at a 555 nm wavelength, and XRD analysis indicated that the CM-AuNPs had a particle size of less than 100 nm and a cubic crystal structure. TEM scans revealed that the gold particles exhibited a spherical morphology, with an average size of 18.10 nm. FTIR analysis revealed strong peaks indicating the presence of functional groups involved in the reduction reactions. The surface charge of the biosynthesized AuNPs was determined to be −19.7 mV. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of AuNPs against pathogen strains were assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The cytotoxic effects of CM-AuNPs on cancer cell lines (Sk-Ov-3, CaCo2, and A549) and healthy cell lines (HUVEC) were investigated using the MTT method. The findings indicated that AuNPs biosynthesized by the green synthesis method using C. moschata peel aqueous extract had high inhibition on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and effective cytotoxic activity against cancerous cell lines at low doses. As a result, it can be concluded that CM-AuNPs will be eminently effective in the production of antibacterial and/or anticancer drugs in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Bioactivity Research on Metal Nanoparticles)
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21 pages, 3844 KiB  
Article
Molecular Profiling, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Calvatia gigantea and Mycena leaiana against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
by Sayab Khan, Muhammad Fiaz, Humaira Yasmin, Junaid Ahmad, Amin Ullah, Zeeshan Niaz, Shubana Hayat, Ajaz Ahmad, Prashant Kaushik and Arshad Farid
Molecules 2023, 28(17), 6291; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176291 - 28 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1586
Abstract
The use of natural products isolated from mushrooms against infection, cancer diseases and other oxidative-stress-related diseases is one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. Therefore, we tried to establish a combination of medicinal mushrooms and nanotechnology possibly with the field of medicine for [...] Read more.
The use of natural products isolated from mushrooms against infection, cancer diseases and other oxidative-stress-related diseases is one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. Therefore, we tried to establish a combination of medicinal mushrooms and nanotechnology possibly with the field of medicine for the development of antibacterial agents against these MDR strains. The aim of the research was to understand the molecular identification, characterization and antibacterial action of Calvatia gigantea and Mycena leaiana. The identification of fruiting body species via morpho-anatomical and molecular methods was necessary to analyze the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of mushrooms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Calvatia from Hunza, Pakistan, exhibited 98% resemblance to the previously discovered Langermannia gigantean (DQ112623) and L. gigantean (LN714562) from northern Europe, and Mycena (Pakistan) showed a 97% similarity to M. leaiana (MF686520) and M. leaiana (MW448623) from the USA. UV-vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for AgNPs’ characterization. The UV-vis absorption peak of 500–600 nm indicates the AgNPs’ presence. XRD results determined Calvatia gigantea AgNPs were nanocrystals and Mycena leaiana seems to be amorphous. In addition, SEM results showed the cubic morphology of C. gigantea with a diameter of 65 nm, and the FTIR spectra of fruiting body revealed the presence of functional groups—carboxyl, nitro, and hydroxyl—in AgNPs, which catalyzed the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. Further antibacterial activity of mushrooms against MDR strains was determined via agar well diffusion assay, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was estimated by qualitative experimentation using the broth dilution method. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. The results showed that the mushroom AgNPs, along with their synergy and nano-composites (with the exception of Ethyl-acetate), were shown to have zones of inhibition from 4 mm to 29 mm against multidrug-resistant pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli. The mushroom composites were active against most of the tested microorganisms whilst the lowest MIC value (10–40 mg/mL) was recorded against MDR strains. Hence, the present study suggested the possibility of employing compounds present in mushrooms for the development of new antibacterial agents, as well as efflux pump inhibitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Bioactivity Research on Metal Nanoparticles)
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15 pages, 3558 KiB  
Article
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of Mangifera indica Seed-Wrapped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
by Shanmugam Rajeshkumar, Royapuram Parthasarathy Parameswari, Dayalan Sandhiya, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim, Marcello Nicoletti and Marimuthu Govindarajan
Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2818; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062818 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2512
Abstract
In the realm of nanoparticles, metal-based nanoparticles have traditionally been regarded as the pioneering category. Compared to other nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles have several advantages, including optical and biological properties, which provide them a significant competitive advantage in clinical and biological applications. In [...] Read more.
In the realm of nanoparticles, metal-based nanoparticles have traditionally been regarded as the pioneering category. Compared to other nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles have several advantages, including optical and biological properties, which provide them a significant competitive advantage in clinical and biological applications. In the current investigation, we used an aqueous Mangifera indica seed extract to synthesize nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs). UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, atomic force spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the synthesized ZnO NPs. The nanoparticles were assessed for their potential to inhibit bacterial growth and protect cells from free radical damage. According to the current study’s findings, zinc oxide nanoparticles that had been modified with the aid of mango seeds were very efficient in preventing the development of the tested bacteria and were also powerful antioxidants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Bioactivity Research on Metal Nanoparticles)
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