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Veterinary Drugs—2nd Edition
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Veterinary Drugs—2nd Edition

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 5165

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mihai Cosmin Cenariu

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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: biochemistry and molecular biology; cell biology; veterinary sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sanda Andrei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca, 400372 Cluj Napoca, Romania
Interests: oxidative stress; in vivo antioxidants activity; antioxidant enzymes; natural antioxidants; mammary gland infectious diseases; milk proteomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Adela Pintea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca, 400372 Cluj Napoca, Romania
Interests: natural antioxidants; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; in vitro antioxidant tests; lipophilic compounds; chromatograph
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Treating diseases with medicinal substances has been attempted since ancestral times, initially in a primitive and empiric way, but gradually developing into a well-defined science, with strict norms and very clear protocols. Up until recently, veterinary drugs were developed together with human drugs, without clear differentiation between the two. Nevertheless, in recent decades, a clear distinction between drugs intended for human and animal use has been made, although some molecules are still used in both branches of medicine.

Veterinary drugs are substances that are administered to animals in order to prevent or treat a certain disease, to facilitate a certain diagnosis, or to modify various normal behaviors (tranquilizers) or functions (estrus synchronization, ovulation, increase in growth rate, improved milk production, or chemical castration).

The strict regulations that apply to human drug production can be found in the veterinary pharmaceutical industry as well, with very well-established quality control keys and thorough standard operating procedures that ensure the high-quality standard of the end product. Some of those guidelines imply that veterinary drugs must first and foremost be as harmless as possible to the animal patient but at the same time be effective in treating the targeted disease. Moreover, drugs intended for use in food-producing animals must also not pose a risk for human consumers of products derived from treated animals.

In order to prove the high quality of a veterinary drug (as demonstrated by its efficacy and safety), a certain molecule must go through a challenging process of validation, which involves top-quality scientific research and thorough testing. Thus, this Special Issue welcomes original research and reviews of the literature that refer to:

  • Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs;
  • Toxicology studies on veterinary drugs;
  • Testing of various molecules for veterinary use;
  • Food safety and analytical chemistry of all classes of drugs used in veterinary medicine.

Prof. Dr. Mihai Cosmin Cenariu
Prof. Dr. Sanda Andrei
Prof. Dr. Adela Pintea
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • veterinary drugs
  • veterinary pharmacology and pharmacokinetics
  • veterinary drug toxicology
  • food safety
  • analytical chemistry

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 5231 KiB  
Article
Randomly Methylated β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex with Ketoconazole: Preparation, Characterization, and Improvement of Pharmacological Profiles
by Yili Ding, Shufeng Xu, Charles Ding, Zhiyuan Zhang and Zhe Xu
Molecules 2024, 29(9), 1915; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29091915 - 23 Apr 2024
Viewed by 224
Abstract
As a powerful imidazole antifungal drug, ketoconazole’s low solubility (0.017 mg/mL), together with its odor and irritation, limited its clinical applications. The inclusion complex of ketoconazole with randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin was prepared by using an aqueous solution method after cyclodextrin selection through [...] Read more.
As a powerful imidazole antifungal drug, ketoconazole’s low solubility (0.017 mg/mL), together with its odor and irritation, limited its clinical applications. The inclusion complex of ketoconazole with randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin was prepared by using an aqueous solution method after cyclodextrin selection through phase solubility studies, complexation methods, and condition selection through single factor and orthogonal strategies. The complex was confirmed by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), SEM (scanning electron microscope images), and NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) studies. Through complexation, the water solubility of ketoconazole in the complex was increased 17,000 times compared with that of ketoconazole alone, which is the best result so far for the ketoconazole water solubility study. In in vitro pharmacokinetic studies, ketoconazole in the complex can be 100% released in 75 min, and in in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in dogs, through the complexation, the Cmax was increased from 7.56 μg/mL to 13.58 µg/mL, and the AUC0~72 was increased from 22.69 μgh/mL to 50.19 μgh/mL, indicating that this ketoconazole complex can be used as a more efficient potential new anti-fungal drug. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Drugs—2nd Edition)
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23 pages, 8032 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety Evaluation
by Lidong Jiang, Wangdong Zhang, Wenbo Zhao, Yanzi Cai, Xue Qin, Baoshan Wang, Jiao Xue, Yanqiao Wen, Yanming Wei, Yongli Hua and Wanling Yao
Molecules 2023, 28(24), 8124; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248124 - 15 Dec 2023
Viewed by 620
Abstract
Here, we aimed to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for Yujin powder (YJP) and evaluate its safety. The ultrasonic-assisted ethanol reflux extraction method refluxing was used to extract YJP. The parameters were optimized through a combination of single-factor and response surface methodology (RSM). [...] Read more.
Here, we aimed to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for Yujin powder (YJP) and evaluate its safety. The ultrasonic-assisted ethanol reflux extraction method refluxing was used to extract YJP. The parameters were optimized through a combination of single-factor and response surface methodology (RSM). The comprehensive Y value score calculated using the content of 13 active ingredients in YJP ethanolic extracts (YEEs) and the yield of the dry extract were used as measuring criteria. RSM with a Box–Behnken design using three factors and three levels was adopted to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP. Finally, acute and subchronic toxicity tests were performed to evaluate its safety. The results revealed the best technological parameters: a liquid–material ratio of 24:1, an ethanol concentration of 69%, assistance of ultrasound (40 °C, 50 kHZ, 30 min), reflux time of 53 min, and reflux temperature of 50 °C. In acute toxicity tests, the maximum administration dosage in mice was 28.21 g/kg, which is higher than 10 times the clinical dosage. Adverse effects in the acute and subchronic toxicity tests were not observed. All clinical indexes were normal. In conclusion, the RSM based on AHP–CRITIC weight analysis could be used to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP and YEEs prepared under the above conditions and ensure high safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Drugs—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 16910 KiB  
Article
Protopine Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Regulating Intestinal Microbiota
by Meishan Yue, Jialu Huang, Xiaolan Ma, Peng Huang, Yisong Liu and Jianguo Zeng
Molecules 2023, 28(13), 5277; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135277 - 07 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1185
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its pathogenesis is related to intestinal mucosal barrier damage and gut microbiota imbalance. Protopine (PRO), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is one of the main anti-inflammatory ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine Macleaya cordata (Willd.) [...] Read more.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its pathogenesis is related to intestinal mucosal barrier damage and gut microbiota imbalance. Protopine (PRO), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is one of the main anti-inflammatory ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. This study investigated the effects of PRO on the intestinal mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice. C57BL/6J mice were treated with 3% DSS in drinking water to induce acute colitis, while PRO was administered orally once daily for 7 days. The results showed that PRO administration significantly alleviated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice and inhibited the expression of inflammation-related genes. In addition, PRO restored the integrity of the intestinal barrier in colitis mice by restoring colonic mucin secretion and promoting the expression of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, PRO alleviated the DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria, Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus, as well as enhancing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Firmicutes and Akkermansia. These findings suggested that PRO effectively alleviated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by suppressing the expression of inflammation-related genes, maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and regulating the intestinal microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Drugs—2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 1811 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Bioactive Potential of Functionalized Injectable Platelet-Rich Plasma
by Emoke Pall, Alexandra Roman, Diana Olah, Florin Ioan Beteg, Mihai Cenariu and Marina Spînu
Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1943; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041943 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1349
Abstract
Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF) is a frequently used platelet concentrate used for various medical purposes both in veterinary and human medicine due to the regenerative potential of hard and soft tissues, and also because of its antimicrobial effectiveness. This in vitro study was [...] Read more.
Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF) is a frequently used platelet concentrate used for various medical purposes both in veterinary and human medicine due to the regenerative potential of hard and soft tissues, and also because of its antimicrobial effectiveness. This in vitro study was carried out to assess the cumulative antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of iPRF functionalized with a multifunctional glycoprotein, human lactoferrin (Lf). Thus, the ability to potentiate cell proliferation was tested on keratinocytes and evaluated by the CCK8 test. The combinations of iPRF and Lf induced an increase in the proliferation rate after 24 h. The average cell viability of treated cultures (all nine variants) was 102.87% ± 1.00, and the growth tendency was maintained even at 48 h. The highest proliferation rate was observed in cultures treated with 7% iPRF in combination with 50 µg/mL of Lf, with an average viability of 102.40% ± 0.80. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of iPRF, of human lactoferrin and their combination were tested by agar-well diffusion (Kirby–Bauer assay), broth microdilution, and crystal violet assay against five reference bacterial strains. iPRF showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential, but with variations depending on the tested bacterial strain. The global analysis of the results indicates an increased antimicrobial potential at the highest concentration of Lf mixed with iPRF. The study findings confirmed the hypothesized enhanced bioactive properties of functionalized iPRF against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative biofilm-producing bacteria. These findings could be further applied, but additional studies are needed to evaluate the mechanisms that are involved in these specific bioactive properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Drugs—2nd Edition)
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Review

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17 pages, 1327 KiB  
Review
Short Review on the Biological Activity of Cyclodextrin-Drug Inclusion Complexes Applicable in Veterinary Therapy
by Mariana Grecu, Bogdan Minea, Liliana-Georgeta Foia, Andra-Cristina Bostanaru-Iliescu, Liviu Miron, Valentin Nastasa and Mihai Mares
Molecules 2023, 28(14), 5565; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145565 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1097
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of carrier molecules used to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters of therapeutic molecules. These cyclic oligosaccharides have medical and pharmaceutical applications by being able to form inclusion complexes with molecules that are poorly soluble in water. The benefits of [...] Read more.
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of carrier molecules used to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters of therapeutic molecules. These cyclic oligosaccharides have medical and pharmaceutical applications by being able to form inclusion complexes with molecules that are poorly soluble in water. The benefits of these complexes are directed towards improving the chemical and biological properties—i.e., solubility, bioavailability, stability, non-toxicity and shelf life of drug molecules. Since the 1960s, the first inclusion complexes used in therapeutics were those with α-, β- and γ-CD, which proved their usefulness, but had certain degrees of particularly renal toxicity. Currently, to correct these deficiencies, β-CD derivatives are most frequently used, such as sulfobutylether-β-CD, hydroxypropyl-β-CD, etc. Therefore, it is of interest to bring to the attention of those interested the diversity of current and potential future clinical applications of inclusion complexes in veterinary medicine and to present the contribution of these inclusion complexes in improving drug efficacy. The most important biological activities of β-CD complexed molecules in the veterinary field are summarized in this short review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Drugs—2nd Edition)
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