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18 pages, 2295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Main Colonic Metabolites from Coffee Chlorogenic Acid May Counteract Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in 3T3-L1 Cells

by Luis Goya, Andrea Sánchez-Medina, Mónica Redondo-Puente, Rudolf Dupak, Laura Bravo and Beatriz Sarriá

Molecules 2024, 29(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010088 - 22 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 729

Abstract

Obesity is coupled with an altered redox state and low-level inflammation. Oxidative stress may increase pre-adipocyte proliferation, adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte size. Regarding inflammation, the dysregulation of cytokine production by adipose tissue takes place in obesity, which is promoted by oxidative stress. [...] Read more.

Obesity is coupled with an altered redox state and low-level inflammation. Oxidative stress may increase pre-adipocyte proliferation, adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte size. Regarding inflammation, the dysregulation of cytokine production by adipose tissue takes place in obesity, which is promoted by oxidative stress. Polyphenols may exert a positive effect on obesity, not only by modulating the redox state, but also due to their anti-inflammatory activity. Coffee, which is one of the most consumed beverages, is very rich in phenolic compounds. Bioavailability studies on coffee phenols have shown that the most abundant group of metabolites in plasma and urine are dihydrocaffeic (DHCA), dihydroferulic (DHFA), and hydroxyhippuric (HHA) acids, the three acids of colonic origin. To better understand the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DHCA, DHFA, and HHA, an inflammation/oxidation model was set up in the pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cell line using tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). After the exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 µM of TNF-α at different times, the cell viability, interleukin (IL)-6 secretion, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) were determined. Using the TNF-α prooxidant and proinflammatory conditions established (10 µM, 24 h), it was observed that the physiological concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 µM) of DHCA, DHFA, and HHA induced dose-dependent antioxidant effects according to the ROS, GSH, and antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase) results. In addition, reductions in the IL-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations were observed to different extents depending on the metabolite (DHFA, HHA, or DHCA) and the concentration used. In conclusion, the main colonic metabolites from coffee chlorogenic acids may counteract TNF-α-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the 3T3-L1 cell line, and thus, they present antiobesity potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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15 pages, 2438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Potential of Vestitol Isolated from Lyophilized Red Propolis

by Lucas Resende Dutra Sousa, Tatiane Roquete Amparo, Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza, Aline Tonhela Ferraz, Kátia da Silva Fonseca, Amanda Scofield de Azevedo, Andréa Mendes do Nascimento, Ângela Leão Andrade, Janaína Brandão Seibert, Thalita Marcolan Valverde, Saulo Fehelberg Pinto Braga, Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira and Viviane Martins Rebello dos Santos

Molecules 2023, 28(23), 7812; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237812 - 28 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 820

Abstract

Chagas disease (CD) is a worldwide public health problem, and the drugs available for its treatment have severe limitations. Red propolis is a natural extract known for its high content of phenolic compounds and for having activity against T. cruzi. The aim [...] Read more.

Chagas disease (CD) is a worldwide public health problem, and the drugs available for its treatment have severe limitations. Red propolis is a natural extract known for its high content of phenolic compounds and for having activity against T. cruzi. The aim of this study was to investigate the trypanocidal potential of red propolis to isolate, identify, and indicate the mode of action of the bioactive compounds. The results revealed that the total phenolic content was 15.4 mg GAE/g, and flavonoids were 7.2 mg QE/g. The extract was fractionated through liquid–liquid partitioning, and the trypanocidal potential of the samples was evaluated using the epimastigote forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi. In this process, one compound was characterized by MS, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR and identified as vestitol. Cytotoxicity was evaluated employing MRC-5 fibroblasts and H9C2 cardiomyocytes, showing cytotoxic concentrations above 15.62 μg/mL and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. In silico analyses were applied, and the data suggested that the substance had a membrane-permeation-enhancing effect, which was confirmed through an in vitro assay. Finally, a molecular docking analysis revealed a higher affinity of vestitol with farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS). The identified isoflavan appears to be a promising lead compound for further development to treat Chagas disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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15 pages, 1801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polyphenolic Compounds in Extracts from Roasted Grapevine Canes: An Investigation for a Circular Approach to Increase Sustainability in the Viticulture Sectors

by Veronica D’Eusanio, Lorenzo Morelli, Andrea Marchetti and Lorenzo Tassi

Molecules 2023, 28(22), 7676; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227676 - 20 Nov 2023

Viewed by 749

Abstract

In this study, we compared the polyphenolic composition of the roasted grapevine wood chips of four Vitis vinifera cultivars—namely, Sorbara, Grasparossa, Malbo Gentile, and Spergola. These waste byproducts have the potential as infusion chips for the aging of alcoholic beverages and vinegars, contributing [...] Read more.

In this study, we compared the polyphenolic composition of the roasted grapevine wood chips of four Vitis vinifera cultivars—namely, Sorbara, Grasparossa, Malbo Gentile, and Spergola. These waste byproducts have the potential as infusion chips for the aging of alcoholic beverages and vinegars, contributing to an enriched sensory profile. Roasting amplifies aromatic nuances and triggers the depletion of crucial bioactive compounds, including polyphenols. We investigated the extent of polyphenolic loss in the ethanolic extract of roasted grapevine chips to repurpose this waste byproduct and assess its potential. We assessed the levels of trans-resveratrol, trans-ε-viniferin, trans-piceatannol, and the main resveratrol trimer. Our findings indicated a significant decrease in polyphenol content as the roasting temperature increased, from 16.85–21.12 mg GAE/g for grapevine chips roasted at 120 °C to 3.10–7.77 mg GAE/g for those roasted at 240 °C. This study also highlights notable genotypic differences in polyphenolic content. Among the red grape cultivars analyzed, Sorbara exhibited the highest levels (7.77–21.12 mg/GAEg), whereas the white grape cultivar Spergola showed the lowest polyphenolic content (3.10–16.85 mg/GAEg). These findings not only contribute to the scientific understanding of polyphenol stability but also hold practical implications for the enhancement of aged beverages, as well as advancing sustainable practices in the viticulture industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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20 pages, 703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differentiating between Monofloral Portuguese Bee Pollens Using Phenolic and Volatile Profiles and Their Impact on Bioactive Properties

by Samar Larbi, Volkan Aylanc, Maria Shantal Rodríguez-Flores, Ricardo C. Calhelha, Lillian Barros, Feriel Rezouga, Maria Carmen Seijo, Soraia I. Falcão and Miguel Vilas-Boas

Molecules 2023, 28(22), 7601; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227601 - 15 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1323

Abstract

Nowadays, bee products are commended by consumers for their medicinal and dietary properties. This study aimed to differentiate between monofloral bee pollens originating from Portugal using phenolic and volatile profiles and investigate their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were [...] Read more.

Nowadays, bee products are commended by consumers for their medicinal and dietary properties. This study aimed to differentiate between monofloral bee pollens originating from Portugal using phenolic and volatile profiles and investigate their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were recorded between 2.9–35.8 mg GAE/g and 0.7–4.8 mg QE/g, respectively. The LC/DAD/ESI-MSⁿ analytical results allowed us to identify and quantify a total of 72 compounds, including phenolic and phenylamide compounds, whereas GC-MS results revealed the presence of 49 different compounds, mostly ketones, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons, and terpenes. The highest DPPH^• radical scavenging activity, EC₅₀: 0.07 mg/mL, was recorded in the sample dominated by Castanae sp. pollen, whereas the Rubus sp. (1.59 mM Trolox/mg) and Cistaceae sp. (0.09 mg GAE/g) pollen species exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS^•+ and reducing power assays, respectively. Regarding the anti-carcinogenic activity, only Carduus sp. showed remarkable cytotoxic potential against MCF-7. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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13 pages, 1471 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Further Quinolizidine Derivatives as Antiarrhythmic Agents- 3

by Bruno Tasso, Laura Beatrice Mattioli, Michele Tonelli, Vito Boido, Alberto Chiarini, Fabio Sparatore and Roberta Budriesi

Molecules 2023, 28(19), 6916; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196916 - 03 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 847

Abstract

Fourteen quinolizidine derivatives, structurally related to the alkaloids lupinine and cytisine and previously studied for other pharmacological purposes, were presently tested for antiarrhythmic, and other cardiovascular effects on isolated guinea pig heart tissues in comparison to well-established reference drugs. According to their structures, [...] Read more.

Fourteen quinolizidine derivatives, structurally related to the alkaloids lupinine and cytisine and previously studied for other pharmacological purposes, were presently tested for antiarrhythmic, and other cardiovascular effects on isolated guinea pig heart tissues in comparison to well-established reference drugs. According to their structures, the tested compounds are assembled into three subsets: (a) N-(quinolizidinyl-alkyl)-benzamides; (b) 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)methyl-1-(quinolizidinyl)alkyl-benzimidazoles; (c) N-substituted cytisines. All compounds but two displayed antiarrhythmic activity that was potent for compounds 4, 1, 6, and 5 (in ascending order). The last compound (N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)aminohomolupinane) was outstanding, exhibiting a nanomolar potency (EC₅₀ = 0.017 µM) for the increase in the threshold of ac-arrhythmia. The tested compounds shared strong negative inotropic activity; however, this does not compromise the value of their antiarrhythmic action. On the other hand, only moderate or modest negative chronotropic and vasorelaxant activities were commonly observed. Compound 5, which has high antiarrhythmic potency, a favorable cardiovascular profile, and is devoid of antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats, represents a lead worthy of further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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13 pages, 2037 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Propolis from Urban Apiaries

by Katarzyna Pobiega, Anna M. Kot, Jarosław L. Przybył, Alicja Synowiec and Małgorzata Gniewosz

Molecules 2023, 28(18), 6744; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186744 - 21 Sep 2023

Viewed by 859

Abstract

Bee products from urban apiaries are increasingly used. They are mainly used to promote local apiaries and cities in which they are located. The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of propolis from 6 Polish apiaries [...] Read more.

Bee products from urban apiaries are increasingly used. They are mainly used to promote local apiaries and cities in which they are located. The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of propolis from 6 Polish apiaries located in cities (Legionowo, Torun, Cracow, Warsaw, Katowice, Lodz). The chemical composition was analyzed using liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) and the analysis of antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals (ABTS and DPPH) and FRAP. The obtained results showed the presence of 24 phenolic compounds in propolis extracts. The tested samples showed differentiation in terms of the content of individual chemical components, however, cinnamic acid and its derivatives were dominant. High antioxidant activity of the tested extracts was demonstrated (ABTS was in the range of 16.80–51.53 mg Te/mL, DPPH was in the range of 7.54–22.13 mg Te/mL, while FRAP reduction was in the range of 10.93–29.55 mg Te/mL). The obtained results compared with literature data on propolis from agricultural areas allow to conclude that propolis samples from both Poland types of areas are similar and can be classified as poplar propolis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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13 pages, 3642 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hispidulin Inhibits the Vascular Inflammation Triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide

by Yeon Kim, Hoyong Lee, Hyun-Joo Park, Mi-Kyoung Kim, Yong-Il Kim, Hyung Joon Kim, Soo-Kyung Bae, Yung-Jin Kim and Moon-Kyoung Bae

Molecules 2023, 28(18), 6717; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186717 - 20 Sep 2023

Viewed by 849

Abstract

Hispidulin is a natural bioactive flavonoid that has been studied for its potential therapeutic properties, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to explore whether hispidulin could inhibit the endothelial inflammation triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. [...] Read more.

Hispidulin is a natural bioactive flavonoid that has been studied for its potential therapeutic properties, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to explore whether hispidulin could inhibit the endothelial inflammation triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The adhesion of monocytes to the vascular endothelium was evaluated through in vitro and ex vivo monocyte adhesion assays. We analyzed the migration of monocytes across the endothelial layer using a transmigration assay. The results showed that treatment with hispidulin decreased the P. gingivalis LPS-induced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells and their migration by suppressing the P. gingivalis LPS-triggered expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) through downregulating nuclear factor-қB (NF-қB). In addition, hispidulin inhibited P. gingivalis LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT in endothelial cells. Altogether, the results indicate that hispidulin suppresses the vascular inflammation induced by P. gingivalis LPS. Mechanistically, it prevents the adhesion of monocytes to the vascular endothelium and migration and inhibits NF-қB, MAPKs, and AKT signaling in endothelial cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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13 pages, 2679 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Sample Pretreatment on the Anthocyanin Content in Czech Wild Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.)

by Lenka Česlová, Petra Kalendová, Lucie Dubnová, Marek Pernica and Jan Fischer

Molecules 2023, 28(18), 6690; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186690 - 19 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 674

Abstract

This work focusses on the analysis of anthocyanins present in wild Czech elderberries, using spectrophotometric methods and liquid chromatography. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and total anthocyanin content. Further, four major elderberry anthocyanins were determined using reversed-phase [...] Read more.

This work focusses on the analysis of anthocyanins present in wild Czech elderberries, using spectrophotometric methods and liquid chromatography. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and total anthocyanin content. Further, four major elderberry anthocyanins were determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with isocratic elution of 30% aqueous methanol with 5% of formic acid. All optimised methods were applied to the analysis of extracts prepared from frozen and dried elderberry fruit samples, and the results were evaluated using principal component analysis which clearly divided the samples into individual groups according to the sample pretreatment (frozen and dried samples). The frozen samples reached higher values of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic and anthocyanin contents compared to the dried samples, probably due to the degradation of anthocyanins during the drying process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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17 pages, 1339 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wild Asparagus Shoots Constitute a Healthy Source of Bioactive Compounds

by Tarik Chileh Chelh, Miguel A. Rincon-Cervera, Francisco Gomez-Mercado, Rosalia Lopez-Ruiz, Manuela Gallon-Bedoya, Mohamed Ezzaitouni and Jose L. Guil-Guerrero

Molecules 2023, 28(15), 5786; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155786 - 31 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1136

Abstract

Wild Asparagus shoots are consumed worldwide, although most species remain understudied. In this work, a total of four wild Asparagus species were collected from different locations and analyzed compared with farmed A. officinalis. Shoots were screened for (i) phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD [...] Read more.

Wild Asparagus shoots are consumed worldwide, although most species remain understudied. In this work, a total of four wild Asparagus species were collected from different locations and analyzed compared with farmed A. officinalis. Shoots were screened for (i) phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS; (ii) total phenolic acids and total flavonoid content by the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods; (iii) vitamin C by HPLC-DAD; (iv) antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS^•+ methods; and (v) the in vitro antiproliferative activities against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells by the MTT assay. Phenolics ranged from 107.5 (A. aphyllus) to 605.4 mg/100 g dry weight (dw) (A. horridus). Vitamin C ranged from 15.8 (A. acutifolius) to 22.7 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) (A. officinalis). The antioxidant activity was similar in all species, standing out in A. officinalis with 5.94 (DPPH) and 4.64 (ABTS) mmol TE/100 g dw. Among phenolics, rutin reached the highest values (574 mg/100 g dw in A. officinalis), followed by quercetin, nicotiflorin, asterin, and narcissin. The MTT assay revealed the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts against HT-29 cancer cells, highlighting the cell growth inhibition exercised by A. albus (300 µg/mL after 72 h exposure to cells). This work improves knowledge on the phytochemicals and bioactivities of the shoots of wild Asparagus species and confirms their suitability for use as functional foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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12 pages, 1067 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds Responsible for Antioxidant, Anti-Candida Activities and Nutritional Properties in Different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Hull Cultivars

by Shima Gharibi, Adam Matkowski, Danial Sarfaraz, Hossein Mirhendi, Hamed Fakhim, Antoni Szumny and Mehdi Rahimmalek

Molecules 2023, 28(12), 4772; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124772 - 14 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1317

Abstract

The use of by-products from the agri-food industry is a promising approach for production of value-added, polyphenol-rich dietary supplements or natural pharmaceutical preparations. During pistachio nut processing, a great amount of husk is removed, leaving large biomass for potential re-use. The present study [...] Read more.

The use of by-products from the agri-food industry is a promising approach for production of value-added, polyphenol-rich dietary supplements or natural pharmaceutical preparations. During pistachio nut processing, a great amount of husk is removed, leaving large biomass for potential re-use. The present study compares antiglycative, antioxidant, and antifungal activities as well as nutritional values of 12 genotypes belonging to four pistachio cultivars. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and ABTS assays. Antiglycative activity was evaluated as inhibition of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation in the bovine serum albumin/methylglyoxal model. HPLC analysis was performed to determine the major phenolic compounds. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (120.81–181.94 mg/100 g DW), gallic acid (27.89–45.25), catechin (7.2–11.01), and eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside (7.23–16.02) were the major components. Among genotypes, the highest total flavonol content (14.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g DW) and total phenolic content (262 mg tannic acid equivalent/g DW) were in KAL1 (Kaleghouchi) and FAN2 (Fandoghi), respectively. The highest antioxidant (EC₅₀ = 375 μg/mL) and anti-glycative activities were obtained for Fan1. Furthermore, potent inhibitory activity against Candida species was recorded with MIC values of 3.12–12.5 µg/mL. The oil content ranged from 5.4% in Fan2 to 7.6% in Akb1. The nutritional parameters of the tested cultivars were highly variable: crude protein (9.8–15.8%), ADF (acid detergent fiber 11.9–18.2%), NDF (neutral detergent fiber, 14.8–25.6%), and condensed tannins (1.74–2.86%). Finally, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was considered an effective compound responsible for antioxidant and anti-glycative activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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20 pages, 3542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extracts

by Sureeporn Suriyaprom, Pitchayuth Srisai, Varachaya Intachaisri, Thida Kaewkod, Jeeraporn Pekkoh, Mickaël Desvaux and Yingmanee Tragoolpua

Molecules 2023, 28(11), 4395; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114395 - 28 May 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2491

Abstract

The white mulberry (Morus alba L.) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. In this study, the bioactive compounds of ethanolic extracts of white mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars were evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of mulberry [...] Read more.

The white mulberry (Morus alba L.) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. In this study, the bioactive compounds of ethanolic extracts of white mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars were evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon cultivar showed the highest total phenolic content of 49.68 mg GAE/g extract and antioxidant activities of 4.38 mg GAE/g extract, 4.53 mg TEAC/g extract, and 92.78 mg FeSO₄/g extract using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. The resveratrol and oxyresveratrol compounds in mulberry leaves were also investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mulberry leaf extracts from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars showed oxyresveratrol contents of 1.20 ± 0.04 mg/g extract and 0.39 ± 0.02 mg/g extract, respectively, whereas resveratrol was not detected. It was also found that the potent anti-inflammatory properties of mulberry leaf extracts and its compounds, resveratrol and oxyresveratrol, suppressed the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by significantly reducing nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. These compounds further inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Therefore, it is established that mulberry leaf extract and its bioactive compounds contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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18 pages, 1157 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biochemical Profile and In Vitro Therapeutic Properties of Two Euhalophytes, Halocnemum strobilaceum Pall. and Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forske., Grown in the Sabkha Ecosystem in the Algerian Sahara

by Noura Gheraissa, Ahmed Elkhalifa Chemsa, Nezar Cherrada, Ebru Erol, Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy, Djilani Ghemam-Amara, Soumeia Zeghoud, Abdelkrim Rebiai, Mohammed Messaoudi, Barbara Sawicka, Maria Atanassova and Maged S. Abdel-Kader

Molecules 2023, 28(8), 3580; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083580 - 19 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1581

Abstract

This study reports the biochemical profile and in vitro biological activities of the aerial part of two shrubs: Halocnemum strobilaceum and Suaeda fruticosa, a halophytes species native to saline habitats. The biomass was evaluated by determining its physiological properties and approximate composition. [...] Read more.

This study reports the biochemical profile and in vitro biological activities of the aerial part of two shrubs: Halocnemum strobilaceum and Suaeda fruticosa, a halophytes species native to saline habitats. The biomass was evaluated by determining its physiological properties and approximate composition. Hydro-methanolic extracts from Halocnemum strobilaceum and Suaeda fruticosa have been investigated for the inhibition of bacterial growth, the protection of proteins (albumin) from denaturation, and cytotoxicity to hepatocellular carcinomas (Huh-7 and HepG2). Their antioxidant activity was evaluated by five tests, including one that examined their ability to inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced hemolysis. The profile of their phenolic compounds was also determined. These two euhalophytes had a high moisture content, high levels of photosynthetic pigments, elevated levels of ash and protein, low oxidative damage indices, MDA (Malondialdehyde) and proline, and low lipids levels. Their content was also characterized by a moderate acidity with good electrical conductivity. They contained abundant levels of phytochemicals and varied phenolic contents. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and quercetin in both plant extracts. On the pharmaceutical level, the two euhalophytes had anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties, and therefore it was recommended to isolate and identify biologically active compounds from these plants and evaluate them in vivo. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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12 pages, 1196 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unearthing of the Antidiabetic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Solanum betaceum Cav. Leaves

by Raquel Martins, Fátima Fernandes and Patrícia Valentão

Molecules 2023, 28(8), 3291; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083291 - 07 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1226

Abstract

Solanum betaceum Cav., commonly known as tamarillo or Brazilian tomato, belongs to the Solanaceae family. Its fruit is used in traditional medicine and food crops due to its health benefits. Despite the numerous studies involving the fruit, there is no scientific knowledge about [...] Read more.

Solanum betaceum Cav., commonly known as tamarillo or Brazilian tomato, belongs to the Solanaceae family. Its fruit is used in traditional medicine and food crops due to its health benefits. Despite the numerous studies involving the fruit, there is no scientific knowledge about the tamarillo tree leaves. In this work, the phenolic profile of aqueous extract obtained from S. betaceum leaves was unveiled for the first time. Five hydroxycinnamic phenolic acids were identified and quantified, including 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid. While the extract displayed no effect on α-amylase, the extract inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 1617 mg/mL), and it was particularly effective for human aldose reductase (IC₅₀ = 0.236 mg/mL): a key enzyme in glucose metabolism. Moreover, the extract exhibited interesting antioxidant properties, such as a potent capacity to intercept the in vitro-generated reactive species O₂^•− (IC₅₀ = 0.119 mg/mL) and ^•NO (IC₅₀ = 0.299 mg/mL), as well as to inhibit the first stages of lipid peroxidation (IC₅₀ = 0.080 mg/mL). This study highlights the biological potential of S. betaceum leaves. The scarcity of research on this natural resource underscores the need for additional studies in order to fully explore its antidiabetic properties and to promote the value of a species currently at risk of extinction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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17 pages, 9564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Encapsulation of Ammoides pusila Essential Oil into Mesoporous Silica Particles for the Enhancement of Their Activity against Fusarium avenaceum and Its Enniatins Production

by Yasmine Chakroun, Youssef Snoussi, Mohamed M. Chehimi, Manef Abderrabba, Jean-Michel Savoie and Souheib Oueslati

Molecules 2023, 28(7), 3194; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073194 - 03 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1870

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) that have antifungal activity and mycotoxin reduction ability are candidates to develop bioactive alternatives and environmentally friendly treatment against Fusarium species in cereals. However, their practical use is facing limitations such as high volatility, UV sensitivity, and fast oxidation. Encapsulation [...] Read more.

Essential oils (EOs) that have antifungal activity and mycotoxin reduction ability are candidates to develop bioactive alternatives and environmentally friendly treatment against Fusarium species in cereals. However, their practical use is facing limitations such as high volatility, UV sensitivity, and fast oxidation. Encapsulation techniques are supposed to provide protection to the EOs and control their release into the environment. Ammoides pusilla essential oil (AP-EO) proved to be an efficient inhibitor of Fusarium avenaceum growth and its enniatins (ENNs) production. In the present work, AP-EO was encapsulated, using the impregnation method, into mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) with narrow slit pores (average diameter = 3.1 nm) and coated with chitosan. In contact assays using an agar medium, the antifungal activity of AP-EO at 0.1 µL mL⁻¹ improved by three times when encapsulated into MSPs without chitosan and the ENNs production was significantly inhibited both in coated and non-coated MSPs. Controls of MSPs also inhibited the ENNs production without affecting the mycelial growth. In fumigation experiments assessing the activity of the EO volatile compounds, encapsulation into MSPs improved significantly both the antifungal activity and ENNs inhibition. Moreover, coating with chitosan stopped the release of EO. Thus, encapsulation of an EO into MSPs improving its antifungal and antimycotoxin properties is a promising tool for the formulation of a natural fungicide that could be used in the agriculture or food industry to protect plant or food products from the contamination by toxigenic fungi such as Fusarium sp. and their potential mycotoxins. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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0 pages, 2056 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Dimensional Antioxidant Screening of Selected Australian Native Plants and Putative Annotation of Active Compounds

by Md. Ahsan Ghani, Celia Barril, Danny R. Bedgood, Jr., Geoffrey E. Burrows, Danielle Ryan and Paul D. Prenzler

Molecules 2023, 28(7), 3106; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073106 - 30 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1213 | Correction

Abstract

Acacia implexa, Eucalyptus rossii and Exocarpos cupressiformis are native plants of Australia, which were used by the First Peoples for medicinal purposes. In this study, 70% aqueous ethanol crude extracts were prepared from A. implexa bark and leaves, E. rossii leaves and E. [...] Read more.

Acacia implexa, Eucalyptus rossii and Exocarpos cupressiformis are native plants of Australia, which were used by the First Peoples for medicinal purposes. In this study, 70% aqueous ethanol crude extracts were prepared from A. implexa bark and leaves, E. rossii leaves and E. cupressiformis leaves, and partitioned via sequential extraction with n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate and ethanol. The crude extracts and fractions were screened for antioxidant activity using a novel, high-throughput lipid-based antioxidant assay, as well as the aqueous ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu test for total phenols. In the lipid-based assay, non-polar n-hexane and DCM fractions showed higher antioxidant activity against the formation of peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) than the other fractions, whereas the non-polar fractions were not effective in aqueous assays. This illustrates that the high potential of the lipid-soluble n-hexane and DCM fractions as antioxidants would have been missed if only aqueous-based assays were used. In addition, the potent antioxidant compounds were putatively annotated using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS). Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and tannins were found in most crude extracts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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18 pages, 2355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioactive Properties of Kakadu Plum-Blended Products

by Yuntao Zhou, Anh Dao Thi Phan, Saleha Akter, Eshetu Mulisa Bobasa, Maral Seididamyeh, Dharini Sivakumar and Yasmina Sultanbawa

Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2828; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062828 - 21 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3005

Abstract

Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana), endemic to Australia, is growing in popularity due to its high levels of vitamin C and strong antioxidant properties. In this study, Kakadu plum fruit powder was used as a functional food ingredient with other plant materials [...] Read more.

Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana), endemic to Australia, is growing in popularity due to its high levels of vitamin C and strong antioxidant properties. In this study, Kakadu plum fruit powder was used as a functional food ingredient with other plant materials to develop value-added products to enhance their nutritional and commercial value. The present study determined the bioactive properties of nine products, including three Kakadu plum fruit powder samples produced from different processing batches and five Kakadu plum-blended products. Vitamin C, the total phenolic content, and the ellagic acid content were determined. Bioactive properties such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial assays were also performed. Cytotoxicity was tested to obtain more specific product information regarding food safety. Kakadu plum-blended products showed lower cytotoxicity and lower bioactive properties (antioxidant and antibacterial activities) in comparison to Kakadu plum powder. However, overall, most of the bioactive properties were shown to be higher in the blends when compared with the commercial blueberry powder as a benchmark antioxidant product. Therefore, there is great potential for Kakadu plum to contribute to the growing functional food and ingredient markets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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12 pages, 2736 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins for Mechanical Foaming of Furanic Foams: Synthesis and Characterization

by Jonas Eckardt, Thomas Sepperer, Emanuele Cesprini, Primož Šket and Gianluca Tondi

Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2799; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062799 - 20 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1911

Abstract

This study examined the potential of hydrolysable tannin in comparison to condensed tannins for the production of furanic foams. The results indicate that chestnut tannin presents lower reactivity and requires a stronger acid for the polymerization. Additionally, foamability and density were found to [...] Read more.

This study examined the potential of hydrolysable tannin in comparison to condensed tannins for the production of furanic foams. The results indicate that chestnut tannin presents lower reactivity and requires a stronger acid for the polymerization. Additionally, foamability and density were found to be dependent on both surfactant concentration and tannin type, allowing lower densities for mimosa tannin and lower thermal conductivities for chestnut-based foams. Mimosa tannin was found to have the highest compression strength, followed by quebracho and chestnut, promising thermal conductivity of around 50 mW/m·K for 300 kg/m³ foams, which suggests that chestnut foams have the potential to performing highly when the density is reduced. Chemical analysis revealed that the methylene moieties of the furanics are non-specific and produces new covalent bonds with nucleophilic substrates: -OH groups and free-positions in the flavonoids. Overall, this study opens new perspectives for the application of hydrolysable tannins in polymer and material science. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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11 pages, 2043 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chlorophyll Pigments of Olive Leaves and Green Tea Extracts Differentially Affect Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties

by Abdülhadi Cihangir Uğuz, Javier Rocha-Pimienta, Sara Martillanes, María Garrido, Javier Espino and Jonathan Delgado-Adámez

Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2779; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062779 - 20 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1980

Abstract

Plant-based extracts possess biological potential due to their high content of phytochemicals. Nevertheless, photosynthetic pigments (e.g., chlorophylls) that are also present in plant extracts could produce undesirable pro-oxidant activity that might cause a negative impact on their eventual application. Herein, the phenolic content [...] Read more.

Plant-based extracts possess biological potential due to their high content of phytochemicals. Nevertheless, photosynthetic pigments (e.g., chlorophylls) that are also present in plant extracts could produce undesirable pro-oxidant activity that might cause a negative impact on their eventual application. Herein, the phenolic content of olive leaf (OLE) and green tea (GTE) extracts was assayed, and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were evaluated before and after the removal of chlorophylls. Regarding phenolic content, OLE was rich in hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol as well as oleuropein, whereas the main compounds present in GTE were gallocatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin gallate, and caffeine. Interestingly, fresh extracts’ antioxidant ability was dependent on phenolic compounds; however, the elimination of chlorophyll compounds did not modify the antioxidant activity of extracts. In addition, both OLE and GTE had high cytotoxicity against HL-60 leukemic cell line. Of note, the removal of chlorophyll pigments remarkably reduced the cytotoxic effect in both cases. Therefore, our findings emphasize the remarkable antioxidant and anticancer potential of OLE and GTE and suggest that chlorophylls are of paramount importance for the tumor-killing ability of such plant-derived extracts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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20 pages, 3606 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advanced Fabrication and Multi-Properties of Aluminum-Based Aerogels from Aluminum Waste for Thermal Insulation and Oil Absorption Applications

by Xue Yang Goh, Ren Hong Ong, Phuc T. T. Nguyen, Tianliang Bai, Dave Aw, Tian Li, Luon Tan Nguyen and Hai M. Duong

Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2727; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062727 - 17 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1489

Abstract

Metal-based aerogels have attracted numerous studies due to their unique physical, structural, thermal, and chemical properties. Utilizing aluminum waste, a novel, facile, environmentally friendly approach to aluminum-based aerogels is proposed. In this work, the aluminum-based aerogels produced do not use toxic chemicals unlike [...] Read more.

Metal-based aerogels have attracted numerous studies due to their unique physical, structural, thermal, and chemical properties. Utilizing aluminum waste, a novel, facile, environmentally friendly approach to aluminum-based aerogels is proposed. In this work, the aluminum-based aerogels produced do not use toxic chemicals unlike conventional aerogel production. Aluminum powder, with poly(acrylic acid) and carboxymethyl cellulose as binders, is converted into aluminum-based aerogels using the freeze-drying method. The aluminum-based aerogels have low density (0.08–0.12 g/cm³) and high porosity (93.83–95.68%). The thermal conductivity of the aerogels obtained is very low (0.038–0.045 W/m·K), comparable to other types of aerogels and commercial heat insulation materials. Additionally, the aerogels can withstand temperatures up to 1000 °C with less than 40% decomposition. The aerogels exhibited promising oil absorption properties with their absorption capacity of 9.8 g/g and 0.784 g/cm³. The Young’s modulus of the aerogels ranged from 70.6 kPa to 330.2 kPa. This study suggests that aluminum-based aerogels have potential in thermal insulation and oil absorption applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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13 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Bioactivity Evaluation of Chemically Characterized Essential Oils Obtained from Different Aerial Parts of Eucalyptus gunnii Hook. f. (Myrtaceae)

by Hocine Abbaci, El-hafid Nabti, Abdullah M. Al-Bekairi, Soheir A. A. Hagras, Mounir M. Salem-Bekhit, Abdenour Adjaoud, Hayat Ali Alzahrani, Leila Bensidhoum, Rawaf Alenazy, Alessandra Piras, Danilo Falconieri, Silvia Porcedda, Yacine Benguerba and Karim Houali

Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2638; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062638 - 14 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1399

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydro-distillation from different parts of twigs (EOT), leaves (EOL), and fruits (EOF) of Eucalyptus gunnii Hook. f. were screened for their chemical composition, insecticidal, repellence, and antibacterial properties. Based on GC and GC/MS analysis, 23 constituents were identified [...] Read more.

Essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydro-distillation from different parts of twigs (EOT), leaves (EOL), and fruits (EOF) of Eucalyptus gunnii Hook. f. were screened for their chemical composition, insecticidal, repellence, and antibacterial properties. Based on GC and GC/MS analysis, 23 constituents were identified across the twigs, leaves, and fruits, with 23, 23, and 21 components, respectively. The primary significant class was oxygenated monoterpenes (82.2–95.5%). The main components were 1,8-cineole (65.6–86.1%), α-terpinyl acetate (2.5–7.6%), o-cymene (3.3–7.5%), and α-terpineol (3.3–3.5%). All three EOs exhibited moderate antibacterial activities. EOL was found to have higher antibacterial activity against all tested strains except Dickeya solani (CFBP 8199), for which EOT showed more potency. Globally, Dickeya solani (CFBP 8199) was the most sensitive (MIC ≤ 2 mg/mL), while the most resistant bacteria were Dickeya dadantii (CFBP 3855) and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (CFBP 5387). Fumigant, contact toxicity, and repellent bioassays showed different potential depending on plant extracts, particularly EOT and EOL as moderate repellents and EOT as a medium toxicant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

16 pages, 19125 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Vitamin B12 in Zein Microstructures by Electrospinning/Electrospraying Technique

by Ana F. Couto, Maéna Favretto, Raphael Paquis and Berta N. Estevinho

Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2544; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062544 - 10 Mar 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1230

Abstract

EGCG is a catechin known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin found in animal-derived products, and its deficiency may cause serious health problems such as anemia. The effectiveness of both catechin and vitamin B12 depends on their [...] Read more.

EGCG is a catechin known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin found in animal-derived products, and its deficiency may cause serious health problems such as anemia. The effectiveness of both catechin and vitamin B12 depends on their stability and bioavailability, which can be lost during industrial processes due to degradation when exposed to external factors. A potential solution to this issue is the microencapsulation, which protects the compounds from external agents. The current study aims to microencapsulate EGCG and vitamin B12 in a polymer matrix of biological origin, zein. Microencapsulation was performed using an electrospinning technique, and different concentrations of zein (1–30% w/v) and active compound (0.5–5% w/w) were tested, resulting in the production of micro/nanoparticles, fibers, or the mixture of both. The microstructures were analyzed and characterized in terms of morphology, release profile and kinetics, and encapsulation efficiency. High encapsulation efficiencies were obtained, and the highest were found in the samples with 1% w/w of active substance and 30% w/v of zein. Controlled release studies were conducted in deionized water and in an ethanolic solution, and five kinetic models were applied to the release profiles. The results indicated that the Weibull model was the best fit for the majority of results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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14 pages, 1135 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Constituents of the Stem Bark of Symphonia globulifera Linn. f. with Antileishmanial and Antibacterial Activities

by Ruland Tchuinkeu Nguengang, Billy Toussie Tchegnitegni, Eric Carly Nono Nono, Georges Bellier Tabekoueng, Yannick Stéphane Fotsing Fongang, Jean Jules Kezetas Bankeu, Jean Rodolphe Chouna, Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou, Fabrice Boyom Fekam, Norbert Sewald and Bruno Ndjakou Lenta

Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2473; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062473 - 08 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1340

Abstract

The chemical investigation of the n-hexane fraction from the methanol extract of the stem bark of Symphonia globulifera Linn f., which displayed good in vitro activity against Leishmania donovani NR-48822 promastigotes (IC₅₀ 43.11 µg/mL), led to the isolation of three previously [...] Read more.

The chemical investigation of the n-hexane fraction from the methanol extract of the stem bark of Symphonia globulifera Linn f., which displayed good in vitro activity against Leishmania donovani NR-48822 promastigotes (IC₅₀ 43.11 µg/mL), led to the isolation of three previously unreported polyprenylated benzophenones, guttiferone U (1), V (2)/W (3), and a new tocotrienol derivative named globuliferanol (4), along with 11 known compounds (5–15). Their structures were elucidated based on their NMR and MS data. Some isolated compounds were assessed for both their antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities against L. donovani and Vero cells, respectively. Guttiferone K (5) exhibited the best potency (IC₅₀ 3.30 μg/mL), but with low selectivity to Vero cells. The n-hexane fraction and some compounds were also assessed in vitro for their antibacterial activity against seven bacterial strains. All the samples exhibited moderate to potent antibacterial activity (MICs ≤ 15.6 µg/mL) against at least one of the tested strains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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16 pages, 2364 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extraction of Gallic Acid and Ferulic Acid for Application in Hair Supplements

by Pedro Velho, Catarina S. Rebelo and Eugénia A. Macedo

Molecules 2023, 28(5), 2369; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052369 - 04 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2539

Abstract

Food supplements based on antioxidants and vitamins are often prescribed to correct inefficiencies in the human diet and delay diseases such as premature aging and alopecia (temporary or permanent hair loss), given the free radical scavenging activity of these biomolecules. By reducing the [...] Read more.

Food supplements based on antioxidants and vitamins are often prescribed to correct inefficiencies in the human diet and delay diseases such as premature aging and alopecia (temporary or permanent hair loss), given the free radical scavenging activity of these biomolecules. By reducing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote abnormal hair follicle cycling and morphology, follicle inflammation and oxidative stress are reduced, minimising the effects of these health issues. Gallic acid (GA), which is significantly present in gallnuts and in pomegranate root bark, and ferulic acid (FA), commonly found in brown rice and coffee seeds, are very important antioxidants for the preservation of hair colour, strength and growth. In this work, these two secondary phenolic metabolites were successfully extracted in the Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS) {ethyl lactate (1) + trisodium citrate (2) + water (3)} and {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)} at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa, moving towards the application of these ternary systems in extracting antioxidants from biowaste and their a posteriori processing as food supplements for hair fortification. The studied ATPS provided biocompatible and sustainable media for the extraction of gallic acid and ferulic acid, yielding low mass losses (<3%) and contributing to an eco-friendlier production of therapeutics. The most promising results were obtained for ferulic acid, which attained maximum partition coefficients (K) of 15

\pm

5 and (3

\pm

2) · 10¹ and maximum extraction efficiencies (E) of (92.7

\pm

0.4)% and (96.7

\pm

0.4)% for the longest tie-lines (TLL = 69.68 and 77.66 m%) in {ethyl lactate (1) + trisodium citrate (2) + water (3)} and {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)}, respectively. Moreover, the effect of pH on the UV-Vis absorbance spectra was studied for all the biomolecules to minimise errors in solute quantification. Both GA and FA were found to be stable at the used extractive conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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16 pages, 1358 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Xanthine Oxidase and COX Inhibitory Activity of Commiphora gileadensis Commonly Grown Wild in Saudi Arabia

by Khalid A. Shadid, Ashok K. Shakya, Rajashri R. Naik, Talal S. Al-Qaisi, Ghaleb A. Oriquat, Ali M. Atoom and Husni S. Farah

Molecules 2023, 28(5), 2321; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052321 - 02 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1781

Abstract

The use of the synthetic drugs has increased in the last few decades; however, these drugs exhibit various side effects. Scientists are therefore seeking alternatives from natural sources. Commiphora gileadensis has long been used to treat various disorders. It is commonly known as [...] Read more.

The use of the synthetic drugs has increased in the last few decades; however, these drugs exhibit various side effects. Scientists are therefore seeking alternatives from natural sources. Commiphora gileadensis has long been used to treat various disorders. It is commonly known as bisham or balm of Makkah. This plant contains various phytochemicals, including polyphenols and flavonoids, with biological potential. We found that steam-distilled essential oil of C. gileadensis exhibited higher antioxidant activity (IC_50, 22.2 µg/mL) than ascorbic acid (IC_50, 1.25 µg/mL). The major constituents (>2%) in the essential oil were β-myrcene, nonane, verticiol, β-phellandrene, β-cadinene, terpinen-4-ol, β-eudesmol, α-pinene, cis-β-copaene and verticillol, which might be responsible for the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The extract of C. gileadensis exhibited inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (IC_50, 450.1 µg/mL), xanthine oxidase (251.2 µg/mL) and protein denaturation (110.5 µg/mL) compared to standard treatments, making it a viable treatment from a natural plant source. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid phenyl ester, hesperetin, hesperidin, chrysin and transient amounts of catechin, gallic acid, rutin and caffeic acid. The chemical constituents of this plant can be explored further to investigate its wide variety of therapeutic potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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12 pages, 3853 KiB

Open AccessArticle

3-OH Phloretin Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Induced Inflammation by Reducing Macrophage Infiltration into White Adipose Tissue

by Su-Min Woo, Ngoc Anh Nguyen, Jeong-Eun Seon, Jin Jang, Su-Min Yee, Ngoc Tan Cao, Harim Choi, Chul-Ho Yun and Hyung-Sik Kang

Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1851; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041851 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1652

Abstract

Phloretin and its glycoside phlorizin have been reported to prevent obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD), but the effect of 3-OH phloretin, a catechol metabolite of phloretin, has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of phloretin and 3-OH [...] Read more.

Phloretin and its glycoside phlorizin have been reported to prevent obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD), but the effect of 3-OH phloretin, a catechol metabolite of phloretin, has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of phloretin and 3-OH phloretin in HFD-fed mice. The body weight gain induced by HFD was more inhibited by administration of 3-OH phloretin than by phloretin. The increases in fat mass, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, adipocyte size, and lipid accumulation by HFD were also remarkably inhibited by 3-OH phloretin and, to a lesser extent, by phloretin. The HFD-induced upregulation of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines was suppressed by 3-OH phloretin, preventing M1 macrophages from infiltrating into WAT and thereby reducing WAT inflammation. 3-OH phloretin also showed a more potent effect than phloretin on suppressing the expression of adipogenesis regulator genes, such as PPARγ2, C/EBPα, FAS, and CD36. Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels increased by HFD were diminished by the administration of 3-OH phloretin, suggesting that 3-OH phloretin may alleviate obesity-induced insulin resistance. These findings suggested that 3-OH phloretin has the potential to be a natural bioactive compound that can be used in the prevention or treatment of obesity and insulin resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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13 pages, 2374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Kale (Brassica oleracea L. Var. acephala DC.) and Wild Cabbage (Brassica incana Ten.) Polyphenolic Extracts

by Dario Lučić, Iva Pavlović, Lidija Brkljačić, Sandro Bogdanović, Vladimir Farkaš, Andrea Cedilak, Lucia Nanić, Ivica Rubelj and Branka Salopek-Sondi

Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1840; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041840 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2405

Abstract

Brassicaceae are rich in healthy phytochemicals that have a positive impact on human health. The aim of this study was to analyze the phenolic compounds and antioxidant and anticancer potential of traditional Croatian kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) and wild [...] Read more.

Brassicaceae are rich in healthy phytochemicals that have a positive impact on human health. The aim of this study was to analyze the phenolic compounds and antioxidant and anticancer potential of traditional Croatian kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) and wild cabbage (Brassica incana Ten.) extracts. The phenolic groups and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometry, selected phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and anticancer potential was evaluated in vitro using HeLa cells. The extracts of both plant species are rich in phenolic compounds and showed significant antioxidant activity at similar levels. LC-MS/MS detected sinapic acid as the most abundant phenolic acid, followed by ferulic acid, while salicylic acid was present at lower concentrations. A comparative analysis showed that wild cabbage contained significantly more sinapic acid, while kale contained more kaempferol and quercetin. Both Brassica extracts at a concentration of 50 µg mL⁻¹ showed an antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells, while they did not affect the proliferation of normal human skin fibroblasts. Wild cabbage extract also showed an antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells at a lower applied concentration of 10 µg mL⁻¹ of extracts. The clonogenic analysis also revealed the inhibitory effect of the extracts on HeLa colony growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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14 pages, 1797 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Affects the Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds in Hibiscus sabdariffa Beverages

by José de Jesús Rodríguez-Romero, Alejandro Arce-Reynoso, Claudia G. Parra-Torres, Victor M. Zamora-Gasga, Edgar J. Mendivil and Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi

Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1824; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041824 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1149

Abstract

Hibiscus sabdariffa possess great versatility to be used as an ingredient for a whole range of products with natural-based ingredients, which are growing in popularity due to the health benefits of bioactive compounds (BC). Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize [...] Read more.

Hibiscus sabdariffa possess great versatility to be used as an ingredient for a whole range of products with natural-based ingredients, which are growing in popularity due to the health benefits of bioactive compounds (BC). Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the BC content in Hibiscus beverages and to evaluate their in vitro bioaccessibility. Results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the total contents of BC prior to the in vitro intestinal digestion. Hibiscus acid was the most abundant compound identified. Thirty-five compounds were identified in the Hibiscus beverage at the initial stage, while a maximum of 15 compounds were quantified in the different fractions of gastrointestinal digestion. After digestion, significant differences were found compared with the initial content of BC. That phenolic acids were the less bioaccessible group, while flavonoids were the most diverse. Principal components analysis showed different clusters and changes in the profiles of BC present at the initial stage and those bioaccessible, showing that intestinal digestion significantly affects the BC profile of the beverage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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15 pages, 779 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Phenolic Compound Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Harvested at Different Growth Stages

by Francesco Gai, Michał A. Janiak, Katarzyna Sulewska, Pier Giorgio Peiretti and Magdalena Karamać

Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1807; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041807 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1814

Abstract

The profile of phenolic compounds changes during the growth of a plant and this change affects its antioxidant potential. The aim of this research has been to find the growth stage of flax with the highest antioxidant capacity, and to determine the phenolic [...] Read more.

The profile of phenolic compounds changes during the growth of a plant and this change affects its antioxidant potential. The aim of this research has been to find the growth stage of flax with the highest antioxidant capacity, and to determine the phenolic compounds responsible for such a capacity. Flax was harvested in six growth stages: from stem extension to mature seeds. The phenolic compounds were identified using LC–TOF–MS and quantified in an extract and in the fresh matter (FM) of each growth stage. The radical scavenging activity against ABTS^•+ and DPPH^•, the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the antioxidant activity in the β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsion system were determined. Mono- and di-C-glycosyl flavones were found to be the most abundant phenolics of the aerial parts of flax, which also showed the highest content of isoorientin (210–538 µg/g FM). Coniferin, its derivative, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were also detected. The plant was richer in flavone C-glycosides from stem extension to seed ripening (1105–1413 µg/g FM) than at the mature seed stage (557 µg/g FM). Most of the individual flavone C-glycoside contents in the extracts decreased when increasingly older plants were considered; however, the isoorientin content did not change significantly from the steam extension to the seed ripening stages. The antiradical activity against ABTS^•+ and FRAP was higher for the aerial parts of the flax harvested at the flowering, brown capsule, and seed ripening stages, mainly due to the presence of flavone C-glycosides. The oxidation of β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsion was instead inhibited more effectively by the extracts from plants at the brown capsule and mature seed stages. Coniferin and its derivative were significantly involved in this activity. The extracts from the aerial parts of the flax harvested from flowering to seed ripening could be a valuable source of flavone C-glycosides for use as nutraceuticals and components of functional foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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22 pages, 6498 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phenolic Composition, Wound Healing, Antinociceptive, and Anticancer Effects of Caralluma europaea Extracts

by Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati, Mohamed Chebaibi, Renata Galvão de Azevedo, Raffaele Conte, Meryem Slighoua, Ibrahim Mssillou, Sotirios Kiokias, Alice de Freitas Gomes, Gemilson Soares Pontes and Dalila Bousta

Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1780; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041780 - 13 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2200

Abstract

Caralluma europaea (Guss.) is an important medicinal plant widely used in Morocco for various traditional purposes. Our work aimed to evaluate the phenolic composition, wound healing, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities of C. europaea extracts. Moreover, this study assessed the beneficial effect of C. [...] Read more.

Caralluma europaea (Guss.) is an important medicinal plant widely used in Morocco for various traditional purposes. Our work aimed to evaluate the phenolic composition, wound healing, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities of C. europaea extracts. Moreover, this study assessed the beneficial effect of C. europaea phytocompounds on the TRADD, cyclooxegenase-2, Wnt/β-catenin, and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. The wound healing effect of C. europaea formulations against skin burn was evaluated for 21 days. The cytotoxic effect of the C. europaea extracts was evaluated against human leukemic (K562 and HL60) and liver cancer cell lines (Huh-7) using the MTT test. All the phytoconstituents identified by UHPLC in the polyphenols were docked for their inhibitory power on protein casein kinase-1, glycogen synthase kinase-3-β, cyclooxegenase-2, tyrosine kinase, and TRADD. Luteolin and kaempferol are the main compounds identified in C. europaea polyphenols. The group treated with polyphenols showed the greatest wound contractions and all tested extracts presented a significant antinociceptive effect. Polyphenols showed a remarkable antitumoral activity against the K562, HL60 and Huh-7 cell lines. Saponins exerted an important cytotoxic effect against the Huh-7 cell line, whereas no cytotoxicity was observed for the hydroethanolic and flavonoids extracts. Hesperetin and trimethoxyflavone presented the highest docking G-score on tyrosine kinase and cyclooxygenase, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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17 pages, 1712 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and Sorghum-Enriched Pasta

by Agnieszka Ziółkiewicz, Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd, Agnieszka Wójtowicz, Tomasz Oniszczuk, Marek Gancarz, Iwona Kowalska, Jarosław Mołdoch, Adrianna Kondracka and Anna Oniszczuk

Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1706; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041706 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1555

Abstract

The phenol content of sorghum is a unique feature among all cereal grains; hence this fact merits the special attention of scientists. It should be remembered that before polyphenols can be used in the body, they are modified within the digestive tract. In [...] Read more.

The phenol content of sorghum is a unique feature among all cereal grains; hence this fact merits the special attention of scientists. It should be remembered that before polyphenols can be used in the body, they are modified within the digestive tract. In order to obtain more accurate data on the level and activity of tested ingredients after ingestion and digestion in the in vivo digestive tract, in vitro simulated digestion may be used. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and individual phenolic acids, as well as the antiradical properties, of sorghum and sorghum-enriched pasta before and after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. We observed that the total content of polyphenols decreased after gastric digestion of sorghum, and slightly increased after duodenal digestion. Moreover, the flavonoid content decreased after the first stage of digestion, while antioxidant properties increased after the first stage of digestion and slightly decreased after the second stage. The digestion of polyphenolics in sorghum is completely different to that in pasta—both in varieties with, and without, the addition of sorghum. For pasta, the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids, and free radical scavenging properties, decrease after each stage of digestion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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18 pages, 1867 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inhibition of Skin Pathogenic Bacteria, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Royal Jelly from Northern Thailand

by Vitchayaporn Uthaibutra, Thida Kaewkod, Pichet Prapawilai, Hataichanok Pandith and Yingmanee Tragoolpua

Molecules 2023, 28(3), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030996 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2191

Abstract

Royal jelly is a nutritious substance produced by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of honeybees. Royal jelly possesses many attractive and beneficial properties which make it an ideal component in medical and pharmaceutical products. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of royal jelly [...] Read more.

Royal jelly is a nutritious substance produced by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of honeybees. Royal jelly possesses many attractive and beneficial properties which make it an ideal component in medical and pharmaceutical products. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of royal jelly from honeybees (Apis mellifera) were determined in this study. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the royal jelly were also evaluated. The effects of royal jelly on growth inhibition against skin pathogenic bacteria, including Cutibacterium acnes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Corynebacterium spp., were investigated by the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were further determined by the broth dilution method. The results indicated that royal jelly showed antibacterial activity by inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, while the effectiveness decreased against Gram-negative bacteria. Interestingly, royal jelly from Lamphun (RJ-LP1), and Chiang Mai (RJ-CM1), presented high inhibitory efficacy against C. acnes, MRSA, and S. aureus within 4 h by a time killing assay. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of royal jelly were tested using RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and results revealed that RJ-LP1 and RJ-CM1 could reduce nitric oxide (NO) production and suppress iNOS gene expression. After testing the antioxidant activity, RJ-CM1 and RJ-CM2 of royal jelly from Chiang Mai had the highest level. Additionally, RJ-CM1 also showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. These findings have brought forward new knowledge of the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of royal jelly, which will improve clinical and pharmaceutical uses of royal jelly as an alternative therapy for bacterial infections, and also as a dietary supplement product. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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13 pages, 2751 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Protection and Disinfection Activities of Oregano and Thyme Essential Oils Encapsulated in Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocapsules

by Monika Hofbauerová, Magdaléna Rusková, Andrea Puškárová, Mária Bučková, Adriana Annušová, Eva Majková, Peter Šiffalovič, Giuseppe Granata, Edoardo Napoli, Corrada Geraci and Domenico Pangallo

Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031018 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1594

Abstract

The biocolonization of building materials by microorganisms is one of the main causes of their degradation. Fungi and bacteria products can have an undesirable impact on human health. The protection and disinfection of sandstone and wood materials are of great interest. In this [...] Read more.

The biocolonization of building materials by microorganisms is one of the main causes of their degradation. Fungi and bacteria products can have an undesirable impact on human health. The protection and disinfection of sandstone and wood materials are of great interest. In this study, we evaluated the protection and disinfection activity of oregano and thyme essential oils encapsulated in poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (Or-NCs, Th-NCs) against four types of environmental microorganisms: Pleurotus eryngii, Purpureocillium lilacinum (fungal strains), Pseudomonas vancouverensis, and Flavobacterium sp. (bacterial strains). The surfaces of sandstone and whitewood samples were inoculated with these microorganisms before or after applying Or-NCs and Th-NCs. The concentration-dependent effect of Or-NCs and Th-NCs on biofilm viability was determined by the MTT reduction assay. The results showed that Or-NCs and Th-NCs possess effective disinfection and anti-biofilm activity. Diffuse reflectivity measurements revealed no visible color changes of the materials after the application of the nanoencapsulated essential oils. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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13 pages, 1558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Chrysanthemum morifolium Extract and Its Effect on Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Adults

by Lin Chen, Jihan Sun, Zhengyu Pan, Yifei Lu, Zhaodan Wang, Ligang Yang and Guiju Sun

Molecules 2023, 28(2), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020579 - 06 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1862

Abstract

Chrysanthemum extract possesses antioxidant potential and carbohydrate and fat digestive enzyme inhibitory in vitro. However, no evidence supporting chrysanthemum in modulation of postprandial lipemia and antioxidant status in humans presently exists. This study was to analyze the composition of Imperial Chrysanthemum (IC) extract [...] Read more.

Chrysanthemum extract possesses antioxidant potential and carbohydrate and fat digestive enzyme inhibitory in vitro. However, no evidence supporting chrysanthemum in modulation of postprandial lipemia and antioxidant status in humans presently exists. This study was to analyze the composition of Imperial Chrysanthemum (IC) extract and determine the effect on changes in postprandial glycemic and lipemic response and antioxidant status in adults after consumption of a high-fat (HF) meal. UHPLC-MS method was used to analyze the components of two kinds of IC extracts (IC-P/IC-E) and in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydraxyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and Hydroxyl radical (HR) radical scavenging assays. Following a randomized design, 37 healthy adults (age, 25.2 ± 2.6 years, and BMI, 20.9 ± 1.5 kg/m²) were assigned to two groups that consumed the HF meal, or HF meal supplemented by IC extract. Blood samples were collected at fasting state and then at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after the meal consumption. There were 12 compounds with relative content of more than 1% of the extracts, of which amino acid and derivatives, flavonoids, carboxylic acids and derivatives were the main components. Compared with IC-E, the contents of flavonoids in IC-P increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the cynaroside content exceeded 30%. In addition, IC-P showed strong free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS and HR radicals. Furthermore, according to repeated–measures ANOVA, significant differences were observed in the maximal changes for postprandial glucose, TG, T-AOC and MDA among the two groups. Postprandial glucose has significant difference between the two groups at 1 h after meal and the level in IC group was significantly lower than that in control group. No significant differences were observed in the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) among the two groups. IC significantly improved the serum antioxidant status, as characterized by increased postprandial serum T-AOC, SOD, GSH and decreased MDA. This finding suggests that IC can be used as a natural ingredient for reducing postprandial lipemia and improving the antioxidant status after consuming a HF meal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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20 pages, 825 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mineral Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Anti-Urease and Anti-α-Amylase Activities of the Unripe Fruit Extracts of Pistacia atlantica

by Mokhtar Benmohamed, Hamid Guenane, Mohammed Messaoudi, Wafa Zahnit, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Majid Sharifi-Rad, Amina Chouh, Bachir Ben Seghir, Abdelkrim Rebiai, Sihem Boubekeur, Tarek Azli, Mohamed Harrat, Barbara Sawicka, Maria Atanassova and Mohamed Yousfi

Molecules 2023, 28(1), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010349 - 01 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2109

Abstract

Pistacia Atlantica in folk medicine is used by Algerian traditional healers for treating a wide variety of diseases and conditions including dyspepsia, digestive problems, peptic ulcers, and, in particular, inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to assess the phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant [...] Read more.

Pistacia Atlantica in folk medicine is used by Algerian traditional healers for treating a wide variety of diseases and conditions including dyspepsia, digestive problems, peptic ulcers, and, in particular, inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to assess the phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity (using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS+, and reducing power methods), enzyme inhibitory activity (towards α-amylase and urease), antibacterial activity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica collected from different parts of the Djelfa region of Algeria. According to the findings, various aqueous extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and enzymatic activities in all tests, but showed that they have a weak inhibitory effect against all tested bacterial strains. Twenty-one minerals comprising both macro- and microelements (Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, U, and Zn) were determined using the technique of neutron activation analysis (INAA). The result indicates that the concentration of the mineral element is close to the minimal FAO recommendation. In addition, the result revealed significant anti-inflammatory activities. The data generated can be a valuable source of information for the pharmaceutical industry and medical research. These results suggest that the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica have an appropriate potential to be utilized across a wide range of contexts as an agent with multifunctional uses, as well as a natural remedy for other physiological diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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19 pages, 888 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distribution and Stability of Polyphenols in Juices Made from Traditional Apple Cultivars Grown in Bosnia and Herzegovina

by Amila Oras, Asima Akagić, Nermina Spaho, Fuad Gaši, Sanja Oručević Žuljević and Mekjell Meland

Molecules 2023, 28(1), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010230 - 27 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2037

Abstract

The present research was undertaken to investigate polyphenolic profiles of peel, pulp and juices made from two standard commercial and five traditional apple cultivars from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main goal of the study was to monitor the distribution and changes of polyphenolic [...] Read more.

The present research was undertaken to investigate polyphenolic profiles of peel, pulp and juices made from two standard commercial and five traditional apple cultivars from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main goal of the study was to monitor the distribution and changes of polyphenolic profiles through different phases of apples’ processing into cloudy and clear juices, with regard to L-ascorbic acid pretreatment. Quantitative determination of phenolic compounds was carried out by using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. The obtained results showed that traditional cultivars, namely ‘Paradija’ and ‘Prijedorska zelenika’, displayed significantly higher content of these compounds compared to commercial ones. Flavan 3-ols and flavonol glycosides were mostly found in peels of all cultivars (21.2–44.1 and 5.40–33.3%, respectively), while phenolic acids along with flavan 3-ols were predominant in the pulp (8.20–30.8 and 5.10–13.9%, respectively). Apples’ processing into juices caused decrease (more than 90%) in the content of all polyphenols and the distribution of these compounds from fruits to final products had a negative trend, particularly evident in clear juices. The most drastic loss occurred in the flavonol glycosides and dihydrochalcones content, while chlorogenic acid displayed quite stable distribution from apples to final products due to its good solubility. Apple mash pretreatment with L-ascorbic acid had a positive impact on the preservation and retention of polyphenols. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

15 pages, 21439 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bergaptol, a Major Furocoumarin in Citrus: Pharmacological Properties and Toxicity

by Pakkapong Phucharoenrak and Dunyaporn Trachootham

Molecules 2024, 29(3), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030713 - 04 Feb 2024

Viewed by 876

Abstract

Bergaptol (5-hydroxypsoralen or 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin) is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin widely found in citrus fruits, which has multiple health benefits. Nonetheless, no specific review articles on bergaptol have been published. Compiling updated information on bergaptol is crucial in guiding future research direction and application. [...] Read more.

Bergaptol (5-hydroxypsoralen or 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin) is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin widely found in citrus fruits, which has multiple health benefits. Nonetheless, no specific review articles on bergaptol have been published. Compiling updated information on bergaptol is crucial in guiding future research direction and application. The present review focuses on the research evidence related to the pharmacological properties and toxicity of bergaptol. Bergaptol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, anti-microbial, and anti-lipidemic effects. It can inhibit the activities of cytochrome P450s (CYP), especially CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, thereby affecting the metabolism and concentrations of some drugs and toxins. Compared with other coumarins, bergaptol has the least potency to inhibit CYP3A4 in cancer cells. Instead, it can suppress drug efflux transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, thereby overcoming chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Furthermore, bergaptol has antimicrobial effects with a high potential for inhibition of quorum sensing. In vivo, bergaptol can be retained in plasma for longer than other coumarins. Nevertheless, its toxicity has not been clearly reported. In vitro study suggests that, unlike most furocoumarins, bergaptol is not phototoxic or photomutagenic. Existing research on bergaptol has mostly been conducted in vitro. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to identify the safe and effective doses of bergaptol for its multimodal application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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18 pages, 370 KiB

Open AccessReview

Lupin as a Source of Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds for Food Products

by Lorenzo Estivi, Andrea Brandolini, Andrea Gasparini and Alyssa Hidalgo

Molecules 2023, 28(22), 7529; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227529 - 10 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1048

Abstract

Four species of lupin (white lupin, yellow lupin, blue lupin and Andean lupin) are widely cropped thanks to the excellent nutritional composition of their seeds: high protein content (28–48 g/100 g); good lipid content (4.6–13.5 g/100 g, but up to 20.0 g/100 g [...] Read more.

Four species of lupin (white lupin, yellow lupin, blue lupin and Andean lupin) are widely cropped thanks to the excellent nutritional composition of their seeds: high protein content (28–48 g/100 g); good lipid content (4.6–13.5 g/100 g, but up to 20.0 g/100 g in Andean lupin), especially unsaturated triacylglycerols; and richness in antioxidant compounds like carotenoids, tocols and phenolics. Particularly relevant is the amount of free phenolics, highly bioaccessible in the small intestine. However, the typical bitter and toxic alkaloids must be eliminated before lupin consumption, hindering its diffusion and affecting its nutritional value. This review summarises the results of recent research in lupin composition for the above-mentioned three classes of antioxidant compounds, both in non-debittered and debittered seeds. Additionally, the influence of technological processes to further increase their nutritional value as well as the effects of food manufacturing on antioxidant content were scrutinised. Lupin has been demonstrated to be an outstanding raw material source, superior to most crops and suitable for manufacturing foods with good antioxidant and nutritional properties. The bioaccessibility of lupin antioxidants after digestion of ready-to-eat products still emerges as a dearth in current research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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23 pages, 2215 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Genistein in Mammalian Reproduction

by Gabriella Guelfi, Rolando Pasquariello, Polina Anipchenko, Camilla Capaccia, Georgia Pennarossa, Tiziana A. L. Brevini, Fulvio Gandolfi, Massimo Zerani and Margherita Maranesi

Molecules 2023, 28(21), 7436; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28217436 - 05 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1534

Abstract

Genistein is a natural compound belonging to flavonoids, having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties. Genistein is considered a phytoestrogen. As such, genistein can bind estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), although with a lower affinity than that of estradiol. Despite considerable work, the effects [...] Read more.

Genistein is a natural compound belonging to flavonoids, having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties. Genistein is considered a phytoestrogen. As such, genistein can bind estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), although with a lower affinity than that of estradiol. Despite considerable work, the effects of genistein are not well established yet. This review aims to clarify the role of genistein on female and male reproductive functions in mammals. In females, at a high dose, genistein diminishes the ovarian activity regulating several pathway molecules, such as topoisomerase isoform I and II, protein tyrosine kinases (v-src, Mek-4, ABL, PKC, Syk, EGFR, FGFR), ABC, CFTR, Glut1, Glut4, 5α-reductase, PPAR-γ, mitogen-activated protein kinase A, protein histidine kinase, and recently circulating RNA-miRNA. The effect of genistein on pregnancy is still controversial. In males, genistein exerts an estrogenic effect by inducing testosterone biosynthesis. The interaction of genistein with both natural and synthetic endocrine disruptors has a negative effect on testis function. The positive effect of genistein on sperm quality is still in debate. In conclusion, genistein has a potentially beneficial effect on the mechanisms regulating the reproduction of females and males. However, this is dependent on the dose, the species, the route, and the time of administration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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55 pages, 3406 KiB

Open AccessReview

Spice-Derived Phenolic Compounds: Potential for Skin Cancer Prevention and Therapy

by Janette Baloghová, Radka Michalková, Zuzana Baranová, Gabriela Mojžišová, Zuzana Fedáková and Ján Mojžiš

Molecules 2023, 28(17), 6251; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176251 - 25 Aug 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1873

Abstract

Skin cancer is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Different types of skin cancer include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell [...] Read more.

Skin cancer is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Different types of skin cancer include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the advancements in targeted therapies, there is still a need for a safer, highly efficient approach to preventing and treating cutaneous malignancies. Spices have a rich history dating back thousands of years and are renowned for their ability to enhance the flavor, taste, and color of food. Derived from various plant parts like seeds, fruits, bark, roots, or flowers, spices are important culinary ingredients. However, their value extends beyond the culinary realm. Some spices contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, which are known for their significant biological effects. These compounds have attracted attention in scientific research due to their potential health benefits, including their possible role in disease prevention and treatment, such as cancer. This review focuses on examining the potential of spice-derived phenolic compounds as preventive or therapeutic agents for managing skin cancers. By compiling and analyzing the available knowledge, this review aims to provide insights that can guide future research in identifying new anticancer phytochemicals and uncovering additional mechanisms for combating skin cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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23 pages, 441 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Genus Capsicum: A Review of Bioactive Properties of Its Polyphenolic and Capsaicinoid Composition

by Rodrigo Alonso-Villegas, Rosa María González-Amaro, Claudia Yuritzi Figueroa-Hernández and Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez-Buenfil

Molecules 2023, 28(10), 4239; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104239 - 22 May 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2272

Abstract

Chili is one of the world’s most widely used horticultural products. Many dishes around the world are prepared using this fruit. The chili belongs to the genus Capsicum and is part of the Solanaceae family. This fruit has essential biomolecules such as carbohydrates, [...] Read more.

Chili is one of the world’s most widely used horticultural products. Many dishes around the world are prepared using this fruit. The chili belongs to the genus Capsicum and is part of the Solanaceae family. This fruit has essential biomolecules such as carbohydrates, dietary fiber, proteins, and lipids. In addition, chili has other compounds that may exert some biological activity (bioactivities). Recently, many studies have demonstrated the biological activity of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and capsaicinoids in different varieties of chili. Among all these bioactive compounds, polyphenols are one of the most studied. The main bioactivities attributed to polyphenols are antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive. This review describes the data from in vivo and in vitro bioactivities attributed to polyphenols and capsaicinoids of the different chili products. Such data help formulate functional foods or food ingredients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

12 pages, 528 KiB

Open AccessReview

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Polyphenols and Their Nutraceutical Value against Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

by Samir Scandar, Claudia Zadra and Maria Carla Marcotullio

Molecules 2023, 28(10), 4187; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104187 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3237

Abstract

Coriander is a widely used plant for its medicinal and biological properties. Both coriander essential oil and extracts are interesting sources of bioactive compounds and are widely used as spices in culinary practice due to their exclusive aroma and flavour. We focus our [...] Read more.

Coriander is a widely used plant for its medicinal and biological properties. Both coriander essential oil and extracts are interesting sources of bioactive compounds and are widely used as spices in culinary practice due to their exclusive aroma and flavour. We focus our attention on coriander extracts that are rich in polyphenols. It is well known that plant polyphenols possess different biological activities and several functional foods contain this class of compounds. The polyphenol profile in an extract can be influenced by the plant part studied, the method of extraction and other parameters. This study performs a literature review using the words “coriander”, “polyphenols” and “extraction” or “biological activity” in different databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. After that, we focus on the evidence of coriander polyphenols as protective agents against some inflammation-related diseases. Due to the bioactivities of coriander extract, this herb can be considered a valuable functional food against obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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46 pages, 1029 KiB

Open AccessReview

Possible Side Effects of Polyphenols and Their Interactions with Medicines

by Aleksandra Duda-Chodak and Tomasz Tarko

Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2536; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062536 - 10 Mar 2023

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5808

Abstract

Polyphenols are an important component of plant-derived food with a wide spectrum of beneficial effects on human health. For many years, they have aroused great interest, especially due to their antioxidant properties, which are used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. [...] Read more.

Polyphenols are an important component of plant-derived food with a wide spectrum of beneficial effects on human health. For many years, they have aroused great interest, especially due to their antioxidant properties, which are used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Unfortunately, as with any chemical substance, depending on the conditions, dose, and interactions with the environment, it is possible for polyphenols to also exert harmful effects. This review presents a comprehensive current state of the knowledge on the negative impact of polyphenols on human health, describing the possible side effects of polyphenol intake, especially in the form of supplements. The review begins with a brief overview of the physiological role of polyphenols and their potential use in disease prevention, followed by the harmful effects of polyphenols which are exerted in particular situations. The individual chapters discuss the consequences of polyphenols’ ability to block iron uptake, which in some subpopulations can be harmful, as well as the possible inhibition of digestive enzymes, inhibition of intestinal microbiota, interactions of polyphenolic compounds with drugs, and impact on hormonal balance. Finally, the prooxidative activity of polyphenols as well as their mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects are presented. According to the authors, there is a need to raise public awareness about the possible side effects of polyphenols supplementation, especially in the case of vulnerable subpopulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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14 pages, 3120 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Yeast Particles for Encapsulation of Terpenes and Essential Oils

by Ernesto R. Soto, Florentina Rus, Zeynep Mirza and Gary R. Ostroff

Molecules 2023, 28(5), 2273; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052273 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1727

Abstract

Terpenes and essential oils are materials of great commercial use due to their broad spectra of antibacterial, antifungal, membrane permeation enhancement and antioxidant biological properties, as well as for their use as flavors and fragrances. Yeast particles (YPs) are 3–5 µm hollow and [...] Read more.

Terpenes and essential oils are materials of great commercial use due to their broad spectra of antibacterial, antifungal, membrane permeation enhancement and antioxidant biological properties, as well as for their use as flavors and fragrances. Yeast particles (YPs) are 3–5 µm hollow and porous microspheres, a byproduct of some food-grade yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract manufacturing processes, that have been used for the encapsulation of terpenes and essential oils with high payload loading capacity (up to 500% weight) and efficiency, providing stability and sustained-release properties. This review focuses on encapsulation approaches for the preparation of YP–terpene and essential oil materials that have a wide range of potential agricultural, food and pharmaceutical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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20 pages, 3469 KiB

Open AccessReview

Anticancer Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Catechins (GTCs) When Integrated with Antioxidant Natural Components

by Jae-Wook Oh, Manikandan Muthu, Suraj Shiv Charan Pushparaj and Judy Gopal

Molecules 2023, 28(5), 2151; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052151 - 24 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2876

Abstract

After decades of research and development concerning cancer treatment, cancer is still at large and very much a threat to the global human population. Cancer remedies have been sought from all possible directions, including chemicals, irradiation, nanomaterials, natural compounds, and the like. In [...] Read more.

After decades of research and development concerning cancer treatment, cancer is still at large and very much a threat to the global human population. Cancer remedies have been sought from all possible directions, including chemicals, irradiation, nanomaterials, natural compounds, and the like. In this current review, we surveyed the milestones achieved by green tea catechins and what has been accomplished in cancer therapy. Specifically, we have assessed the synergistic anticarcinogenic effects when green tea catechins (GTCs) are combined with other antioxidant-rich natural compounds. Living in an age of inadequacies, combinatorial approaches are gaining momentum, and GTCs have progressed much, yet there are insufficiencies that can be improvised when combined with natural antioxidant compounds. This review highlights that there are not many reports in this specific area and encourages and recommends research attention in this direction. The antioxidant/prooxidant mechanisms of GTCs have also been highlighted. The current scenario and the future of such combinatorial approaches have been addressed, and the lacunae in this aspect have been discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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21 pages, 1436 KiB

Open AccessReview

Microalgae as a Source of Valuable Phenolic Compounds and Carotenoids

by Jan Cichoński and Grzegorz Chrzanowski

Molecules 2022, 27(24), 8852; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248852 - 13 Dec 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3720

Abstract

Microalgae are photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms that are widely used in the industry as cell factories to produce valuable substances, such as fatty acids (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), sterols (sitosterol), recombinant therapeutic proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, phenolic compounds [...] Read more.

Microalgae are photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms that are widely used in the industry as cell factories to produce valuable substances, such as fatty acids (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), sterols (sitosterol), recombinant therapeutic proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, phenolic compounds (gallic acid, quercetin), and pigments (β-carotene, astaxanthin, lutein). Phenolic compounds and carotenoids, including those extracted from microalgae, possess beneficial bioactivities such as antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, and direct health-promoting effects, which may alleviate oxidative stress and age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. The production of valuable microalgal metabolites can be modified by using abiotic stressors, such as light, salinity, nutrient availability, and xenobiotics (for instance, phytohormones). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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45 pages, 2963 KiB

Open AccessReview

Antidiabetic Potential of Commonly Available Fruit Plants in Bangladesh: Updates on Prospective Phytochemicals and Their Reported MoAs

by Safaet Alam, Anik Dhar, Muhib Hasan, Fahmida Tasnim Richi, Nazim Uddin Emon, Md. Abdul Aziz, Abdullah Al Mamun, Md. Nafees Rahman Chowdhury, Md. Jamal Hossain, Jin Kyu Kim, Bonglee Kim, Md. Sadman Hasib, S. M. Neamul Kabir Zihad, Mohammad Rashedul Haque, Isa Naina Mohamed and Mohammad A. Rashid

Molecules 2022, 27(24), 8709; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248709 - 08 Dec 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6758

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disorder affecting people of all ages and adversely disrupts their daily functions. Despite the availability of numerous synthetic-antidiabetic medications and insulin, the demand for the development of novel antidiabetic medications is increasing due to the adverse effects and [...] Read more.

Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disorder affecting people of all ages and adversely disrupts their daily functions. Despite the availability of numerous synthetic-antidiabetic medications and insulin, the demand for the development of novel antidiabetic medications is increasing due to the adverse effects and growth of resistance to commercial drugs in the long-term usage. Hence, antidiabetic phytochemicals isolated from fruit plants can be a very nifty option to develop life-saving novel antidiabetic therapeutics, employing several pathways and MoAs (mechanism of actions). This review focuses on the antidiabetic potential of commonly available Bangladeshi fruits and other plant parts, such as seeds, fruit peals, leaves, and roots, along with isolated phytochemicals from these phytosources based on lab findings and mechanism of actions. Several fruits, such as orange, lemon, amla, tamarind, and others, can produce remarkable antidiabetic actions and can be dietary alternatives to antidiabetic therapies. Besides, isolated phytochemicals from these plants, such as swertisin, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, and other prospective phytochemicals, also demonstrated their candidacy for further exploration to be established as antidiabetic leads. Thus, it can be considered that fruits are one of the most valuable gifts of plants packed with a wide spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals and are widely consumed as dietary items and medicinal therapies in different civilizations and cultures. This review will provide a better understanding of diabetes management by consuming fruits and other plant parts as well as deliver innovative hints for the researchers to develop novel drugs from these plant parts and/or their phytochemicals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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19 pages, 3794 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nanodelivery of Dietary Polyphenols for Therapeutic Applications

by Mithun Rudrapal, Ashwini K. Mishra, Laxmi Rani, Khomendra K. Sarwa, James H. Zothantluanga, Johra Khan, Mehnaz Kamal, Santwana Palai, Atul R. Bendale, Swati G. Talele, Vasim T. Pathan, Laxmikant B. Borse, Vishnu S. Neharkar and Pravat K. Sahoo

Molecules 2022, 27(24), 8706; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248706 - 08 Dec 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2944

Abstract

Advancement in nanotechnology has unleashed the therapeutic potentials of dietary polyphenols by enhancing bioavailability, improving biological half-life, and allowing site-specific drug delivery. In this review, through citation of relevant literature reports, we discuss the application of nano-pharmaceutical formulations, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, [...] Read more.

Advancement in nanotechnology has unleashed the therapeutic potentials of dietary polyphenols by enhancing bioavailability, improving biological half-life, and allowing site-specific drug delivery. In this review, through citation of relevant literature reports, we discuss the application of nano-pharmaceutical formulations, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nano-emulsions, nano-crystals, nano-polymersomes, liposomes, ethosomes, phytosomes, and invasomes for dietary polyphenols. Following this, we highlight important studies concerning different combinations of nano formulations with dietary polyphenols (also known as nanophytopolyphenols). We also provide nano-formulation paradigms for enhancing the physicochemical properties of dietary polyphenols. Finally, we highlight the latest patents that were granted on nano-formulations of dietary polyphenols. Based on our review, we observe that nanosized delivery of herbal constituents, spices, and dietary supplements have the ability to improve biological processes and address issues connected with herbal treatments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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37 pages, 4093 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Biogenic Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review of Their Features and Main Applications

by Cristina M. Luque-Jacobo, Andrea L. Cespedes-Loayza, Talia S. Echegaray-Ugarte, Jacqueline L. Cruz-Loayza, Isemar Cruz, Júlio Cesar de Carvalho and Luis Daniel Goyzueta-Mamani

Molecules 2023, 28(12), 4838; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124838 - 18 Jun 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2723

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an innovative field of study that has made significant progress due to its potential versatility and wide range of applications, precisely because of the development of metal nanoparticles such as copper. Nanoparticles are bodies composed of a nanometric cluster of atoms [...] Read more.

Nanotechnology is an innovative field of study that has made significant progress due to its potential versatility and wide range of applications, precisely because of the development of metal nanoparticles such as copper. Nanoparticles are bodies composed of a nanometric cluster of atoms (1–100 nm). Biogenic alternatives have replaced their chemical synthesis due to their environmental friendliness, dependability, sustainability, and low energy demand. This ecofriendly option has medical, pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural applications. When compared to their chemical counterparts, using biological agents, such as micro-organisms and plant extracts, as reducing and stabilizing agents has shown viability and acceptance. Therefore, it is a feasible alternative for rapid synthesis and scaling-up processes. Several research articles on the biogenic synthesis of copper nanoparticles have been published over the past decade. Still, none provided an organized, comprehensive overview of their properties and potential applications. Thus, this systematic review aims to assess research articles published over the past decade regarding the antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, dye removal, and catalytic activities of biogenically synthesized copper nanoparticles using the scientific methodology of big data analytics. Plant extract and micro-organisms (bacteria and fungi) are addressed as biological agents. We intend to assist the scientific community in comprehending and locating helpful information for future research or application development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Phenolics and Polyphenols in Nature Products)

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