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Authigenic Clay Minerals: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Applications, Volume II
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Authigenic Clay Minerals: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Applications, Volume II

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Clays and Engineered Mineral Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2022) | Viewed by 10500

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Manuel Pozo Rodríguez

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: geology and geochemistry of clays; special clays applications; sepiolite–palygorskite; bentonite; Talc–kerolite; clays and health; mineral characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. André Sampaio Mexias

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Petrology and Geochemistry Studies, Campus do Vale, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
Interests: authigenic clay minerals; X-ray diffraction; characterization of clay minerals; hydrothermalism; soil science; weathering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Clay minerals are fine-grained materials with interesting physical-chemical properties that are highly dependent of their structure and composition. Both layer charge and small particle size of clay minerals result in suitable properties such as plasticity, sorption, rheology and ion exchange, among many others. Moreover, these properties can change in clays showing similar clay mineral assemblages but different origin. From a genetic point of view, clay minerals are authigenic or detrital (inherited). Authigenic clay minerals are “formed or generated in place” in the broader sense, whether related to soil processes, sedimentary deposition or diagenesis, but also formed under low grade metamorphic conditions and/or the influence of hydrothermal events. Authigenic clay minerals form in or react at the depositional environment so that they are indicators of specific aspects of the chemistry of that environment. In addition, some authigenic clay minerals are included in the so-named “special clays” forming bentonite, kerolite-Mg smectite, sepiolite and palygorskite deposits, which are economically relevant because of their wide industrial applications.

This Special Issue aims to publish papers providing recent advances on mineralogy and geochemistry of the authigenic clay minerals, their genetic pathways and applications.

Prof. Dr. Manuel Pozo Rodríguez
Prof. Dr. André Sampaio Mexias
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Authigenic clay minerals
  • Bentonite
  • Sepiolite
  • Palygorskite
  • Kerolite/Mg-smectite mixed layers
  • Geochemistry
  • Genesis
  • Applications

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

37 pages, 14962 KiB  
Article
Distribution, Sedimentology and Origin of Mineralogical Assemblages from a Continental Na-bentonite Deposit in the Cretaceous Neuquén Basin (Argentina)
by Telma Belén Musso, Gisela Pettinari, Manuel Pozo, Alexis Gabriel Martínez and Rafael González
Minerals 2022, 12(4), 467; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040467 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2218
Abstract
Collected samples of bentonite and associated facies from the Justina deposit of Cretaceous age (Anacleto Formation) have been studied. Facies analysis, mineralogical, and geochemical studies have been carried out using several techniques, including: XRD, FTIR, DTA-TGA, microscopy (OM, SEM-EDX), and chemical analysis. The [...] Read more.
Collected samples of bentonite and associated facies from the Justina deposit of Cretaceous age (Anacleto Formation) have been studied. Facies analysis, mineralogical, and geochemical studies have been carried out using several techniques, including: XRD, FTIR, DTA-TGA, microscopy (OM, SEM-EDX), and chemical analysis. The deposit occurs in a shallow, saline lacustrine environment developed over a fluvial floodplain, with a thickness between 0.21 and 0.8 m intercalated between fine-grained siliciclastic facies. Three mineral assemblages were found. In assemblage 1, the bentonite has low content of detrital minerals and the smectite is sodic. In assemblage 2, the bentonite shows the occurrence of minor analcime and mica, slightly higher detrital mineral content and the smectite is sodic to sodic-calcic. The associated detrital facies (assemblage 3) is dominated by illite and a mixed layer of illite and calcic smectite (R0), subordinately kaolinite + chlorite, and locally low-ordered smectite. As inherited minerals are found: quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, illite-mica, heavy minerals (monazite, zircon, apatite, titanomagnetite) and volcanic rock fragments (andesite, glass). Authigenic minerals are: sodium smectite, analcime, barite, celestine, gypsum, and hematite. A model for the formation of authigenic minerals is proposed, highlighting the formation of sodic smectite from the alteration of volcanic glass of trachyandesitic composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Authigenic Clay Minerals: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Applications, Volume II)
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20 pages, 5806 KiB  
Article
Paleoenvironmental Implications of Authigenic Magnesian Clay Formation Sequences in the Barra Velha Formation (Santos Basin, Brazil)
by Paulo R. A. Netto, Manuel Pozo, Maurício Dias da Silva, Márcia Elisa Boscato Gomes, André Mexias, Camila Wense Ramnani, Yaro Parizek-Silva, Leonardo Borghi and Aristóteles de Moraes Rios-Netto
Minerals 2022, 12(2), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020200 - 04 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2039
Abstract
The characterization of Mg-clays in rock samples (well P1) from the Barra Velha Formation (Early Cretaceous) allowed the establishment of mineral assemblages on the basis of their kerolite and Mg-smectite (stevensite and saponite) content. Kerolite-rich assemblages (A and B) rarely contain saponite. Assemblage [...] Read more.
The characterization of Mg-clays in rock samples (well P1) from the Barra Velha Formation (Early Cretaceous) allowed the establishment of mineral assemblages on the basis of their kerolite and Mg-smectite (stevensite and saponite) content. Kerolite-rich assemblages (A and B) rarely contain saponite. Assemblage B is composed of kerolite-stevensite mixed layers, while assemblage A consists of more than 95% kerolite. Mg-smectite-rich assemblages (C and CB) are made up of both Mg-smectites. The predominance of stevensite in the lower interval of the stratigraphic succession suggests evaporative conditions, higher salinity and pH, which would favor its authigenesis by neoformation. In the upper portion, the occurrence of thick kerolite-rich intervals suggests regular water inputs, contributing with a decreasing in salinity and pH, favoring the neoformation of kerolite and later kerolite-stevensite mixed layering. The saponite would be the result of the transformation from Al-smectite into Mg-smectite in a Mg2+ rich medium. The results indicate that lake hydrochemical processes would have allowed the establishment of a basic depositional sequence, from base to top, as follows: (i) initial lake expansion stage marked by the occurrence of saponite, (ii) later kerolite neoformation, (iii) formation of kerolite-stevensite mixed layer with increasing salinity, and (iv) neoformation of stevensite, marking a final stage of maximum salinity (evaporation) and alkalinity of the lake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Authigenic Clay Minerals: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Applications, Volume II)
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19 pages, 10163 KiB  
Article
Mineralogical Study of Levels with Magnesian Clay Minerals in the Santos Basin, Aptian Pre-Salt Brazil
by Maurício Dias da Silva, Márcia Elisa Boscato Gomes, André Sampaio Mexias, Manuel Pozo, Susan Martins Drago, Raquel Severo Célia, Luis Adriano Carvalho Silva, Paulo Netto, Lucas Bonan Gomes, Carla Cristine Porcher, Norberto Dani, Deborah Driemeyer, Camila Wense Dias Ramnani and Julice Ferreira Santos
Minerals 2021, 11(9), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11090970 - 06 Sep 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2815
Abstract
The object of this study is magnesian clay minerals present in carbonate rocks of the post-rift phase of the pre-salt in the Santos Basin. These rocks developed in an Aptian-age alkaline lacustrine environment. This study summarizes the formation of clay minerals associated with [...] Read more.
The object of this study is magnesian clay minerals present in carbonate rocks of the post-rift phase of the pre-salt in the Santos Basin. These rocks developed in an Aptian-age alkaline lacustrine environment. This study summarizes the formation of clay minerals associated with different lithotypes in a range of 19 m and a depth of more than 5100 m. They were characterized from petrographic analysis by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (total sample and clay fraction), and modeling by Newmod®; and examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. An approach based on identifying lithotypes and characterization of microsites allowed us to understand the occurrence of different clay minerals. Kerolite was the most abundant mineral in the sampled range. It occurs in lamellar aggregates under greater preservation of the original rock lamination and in association with spherulites and shrubs. The Stv/Ker mixed layers occurs in the same association, and formed finer unlaminated aggregates associated with the more intense dolomitization and silicification processes. Saponite occurs associated with detrital minerals forming clayey levels intercalated with microcrystalline carbonates. Fluids with a high Mg/Si and pH < 9 favor the precipitation of kerolite. The increase in pH during diagenesis may be responsible for the formation of Stv/Ker mixed layers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Authigenic Clay Minerals: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Applications, Volume II)
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17 pages, 11055 KiB  
Article
Low Temperature Illitization through Illite-Dioctahedral Vermiculite Mixed Layers in a Tropical Saline Lake Rich in Hydrothermal Fluids (Sochagota Lake, Colombia)
by Gabriel Ricardo Cifuentes, Juan Jiménez-Millán, Claudia Patricia Quevedo, Fernando Nieto, Javier Cuadros and Rosario Jiménez-Espinosa
Minerals 2021, 11(5), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11050523 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2397
Abstract
In this investigation, we showed that high salinity promoted by hydrothermal inputs, reducing conditions of sediments with high content in organic matter, and the occurrence of an appropriate clay mineral precursor provide a suitable framework for low-temperature illitization processes. We studied the sedimentary [...] Read more.
In this investigation, we showed that high salinity promoted by hydrothermal inputs, reducing conditions of sediments with high content in organic matter, and the occurrence of an appropriate clay mineral precursor provide a suitable framework for low-temperature illitization processes. We studied the sedimentary illitization process that occurs in carbonaceous sediments from a lake with saline waters (Sochagota Lake, Colombia) located at a tropical latitude. Water isotopic composition suggests that high salinity was produced by hydrothermal contribution. Materials accumulated in the Sochagota Lake’s southern entrance are organic matter-poor sediments that contain detrital kaolinite and quartz. On the other hand, materials formed at the central segment and near the lake exit (north portion) are enriched in organic matter and characterized by the crystallization of Fe-sulfides. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) data allowed for the identification of illite and illite-dioctahedral vermiculite mixed layers (I-DV), which are absent in the southern sediments. High humidity and temperate climate caused the formation of small-sized metastable intermediates of I-DV particles by the weathering of the source rocks in the Sochagota Lake Basin. These particles were deposited in the low-energy lake environments (middle and north part). The interaction of these sediments enriched in organic matter with the saline waters of the lake enriched in hydrothermal K caused a reducing environment that favored Fe mobilization processes and its incorporation to I-DV mixed layers that acted as mineral precursor for fast low temperature illitization, revealing that in geothermal areas clays in lakes favor a hydrothermal K uptake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Authigenic Clay Minerals: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Applications, Volume II)
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