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Minerals
Special Issues
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Tsunamites and Other High-energy Deposits
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Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Tsunamites and Other High-energy Deposits

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 7271

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Manuel Pozo Rodríguez

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: geology and geochemistry of clays; special clays applications; sepiolite–palygorskite; bentonite; Talc–kerolite; clays and health; mineral characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent tsunamis are well described on the basis of historical records but the identification of paleotsunami deposits is, in contrast, more controversial since it relies on geological evidence that can be shared by other high-energy events such as storm-induced deposits. To attempt to solve this problem, geologists have accessed a wide range of sedimentological, mineralogical, paleontological, geophysical, and geochemical proxies to distinguish between storm- and tsunami-induced deposits, improving the so-called “tsunami proxy toolkit”. Although a significant database of tsunami benchmarks is now available, the identification of tsunami deposits is still ambiguous. This is because their signatures depend essentially on the mineralogical and chemical composition of the sedimentary source. Because tsunami deposit benchmarks are highly dependent on the sediment source(s), it is crucial to establish reliable benchmarks of tsunami deposits in the function of their depositional and environmental settings. The mineralogical assemblages, especially evaporites, heavy minerals, and inherited or authigenic clay minerals, playing an important role in paleoenvironmental interpretation. The geochemical imprints are also a valuable tool for palaeotsunamis identification because they can help in identifying tsunami-induced deposits. The reliability of the mineralogical and geochemical proxies is limited by the large variety of depositional and compositional settings making them strongly source-dependent. This Special Issue aims to publish papers providing recent advances in mineralogy and geochemistry of tsunamites and other high-energy deposits, including their identification and sedimentary evolution.

Prof. Dr. Manuel Pozo Rodríguez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Tsunamites
  • clay minerals
  • mineralogical assemblages
  • geochemistry
  • paleoenvironments.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

36 pages, 5474 KiB  
Article
The Origin and Evolution of Late Holocene Tsunamiites in the Doñana National Park (SW Spain): Trace Elements as Geochemical Proxies
by Manuel Pozo, Francisco Ruiz, María Luz González-Regalado, María Isabel Carretero, Guadalupe Monge, Joaquín Rodríguez Vidal, Luis Miguel Cáceres, Manuel Abad, Josep Tosquella, Tatiana Izquierdo, Juan Manuel Muñoz, María Isabel Prudencio, María Isabel Dias, Rosa Marques, Paula Gómez, Antonio Toscano, Verónica Romero and Marta Arroyo
Minerals 2020, 10(11), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10110956 - 26 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2411
Abstract
The elemental content—mainly trace elements—of samples from two boreholes (PLN, CM) with evidence of tsunamiites, located in the Doñana National Park (SW Spain), were studied. The geochemical variations of the REE, LILE, HFSE, and other elements (Al, Ti, S, Na, Br, Sc, Co, [...] Read more.
The elemental content—mainly trace elements—of samples from two boreholes (PLN, CM) with evidence of tsunamiites, located in the Doñana National Park (SW Spain), were studied. The geochemical variations of the REE, LILE, HFSE, and other elements (Al, Ti, S, Na, Br, Sc, Co, Cr) were interpreted according to the mineralogy present in the samples. The results obtained show the geochemical complexity of the estuarine paleoenvironments, in this case with the existence of three Holocene-age tsunamigenic deposits (around 4.25, 3.56 and 2.2–2 kyr BP). The statistical analysis of the samples’ geochemistry, by means of linear correlation and factor analysis, made it possible to differentiate two associations. The first is representative of an inherited mineralogy (REE-Y-Rb-Sr-Cs-Th-U-Hf-Al-Ti-Co-Cr-Sc); the second includes elements (Br-Na) linked to mineral formation under evaporite conditions (halite). The trace element geochemistry of sediments thus becomes an excellent tool to identify tsunamiites in the studied zone, especially those elements that are clear proxies for marine incursions (Na, Br, Sr) and high energy events (Hf, Ti). The parent area of the provenance of the materials is mainly of felsic composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Tsunamites and Other High-energy Deposits)
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30 pages, 12048 KiB  
Article
Exploring Offshore Sediment Evidence of the 1755 CE Tsunami (Faro, Portugal): Implications for the Study of Outer Shelf Tsunami Deposits
by Vincent Kümmerer, Teresa Drago, Cristina Veiga-Pires, Pedro F. Silva, Vitor Magalhães, Anxo Mena, Ana Lopes, Ana Isabel Rodrigues, Sabine Schmidt, Pedro Terrinha and Maria Ana Baptista
Minerals 2020, 10(9), 731; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090731 - 19 Aug 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4247
Abstract
Outer shelf sedimentary records are promising for determining the recurrence intervals of tsunamis. However, compared to onshore deposits, offshore deposits are more difficult to access, and so far, studies of outer shelf tsunami deposits are scarce. Here, an example of studying these deposits [...] Read more.
Outer shelf sedimentary records are promising for determining the recurrence intervals of tsunamis. However, compared to onshore deposits, offshore deposits are more difficult to access, and so far, studies of outer shelf tsunami deposits are scarce. Here, an example of studying these deposits is presented to infer implications for tsunami-related signatures in similar environments and potentially contribute to pre-historic tsunami event detections. A multidisciplinary approach was performed to detect the sedimentary imprints left by the 1755 CE tsunami in two cores, located in the southern Portuguese continental shelf at water depths of 58 and 91 m. Age models based on 14C and 210Pbxs allowed a probable correspondence with the 1755 CE tsunami event. A multi-proxy approach, including sand composition, grain-size, inorganic geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, and microtextural features on quartz grain surfaces, yielded evidence for a tsunami depositional signature, although only a subtle terrestrial signal is present. A low contribution of terrestrial material to outer shelf tsunami deposits calls for methodologies that reveal sedimentary structures linked to tsunami event hydrodynamics. Finally, a change in general sedimentation after the tsunami event might have influenced the signature of the 1755 CE tsunami in the outer shelf environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Tsunamites and Other High-energy Deposits)
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