Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
3.9
2.5
Journals
Minerals
Special Issues
Porphyry Metallogenic System: Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy
share announcement

Porphyry Metallogenic System: Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 10097

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Guoxue Song

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Interests: hydrothermal deposits; prospecting mineralogy; genetic mineralogy; experimental petrology
Dr. Mingjian Cao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: detailed petrogenesis and metallogenesis of magmatic-hydrothermal deposits; low temperature thermochronology of porphyry Cu/Mo deposits
Dr. Wenyuan Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
Interests: prospecting mineralogy; genetic mineralogy; porphyry-epithermal deposits; micro-analysis technology
Dr. Chao Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
Interests: porphyry deposits; carbonatite-related REE deposits

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A porphyry metallogenic system is a hydrothermal metallogenic system related to porphyry magma and a deep magma chamber, which can develop porphyry deposits, epithermal deposits and skarn deposits. Thus far, porphyry-related ore deposits are the Earth's major resources of copper, molybdenum, and rhenium, and also provide significant amounts of gold, silver, and other metals. Human research on porphyry-related deposits not only provides supports for the exploration of deposits, but also help geologists to reveal the evolution process of Earth's continental crust.

In the field of research on ore deposits, the study of porphyry-type deposits has become more and more mature, and the relevant theories are also very good. In recent years, with the improvement and application of in situ test technology (e.g., EPMA, LA-ICPMS, SHRIMP, SIMS, NanoSIMS), researchers of porphyry-related deposits are gradually shifting their focus from traditional research methods to detailed study on minerals. These advances have provided two opportunities for researchers. One is to find clues to the formation of hydrothermal deposits from the microstructure and composition characteristics of minerals, and the other is to constrain the formation process of a deposit from the detailed study of one or several minerals. In this regard, this Special Issue is focused on relevant topics, including genetic mineralogy and prospecting mineralogy in a porphyry metallogenic system.

The main objective of this Special Issue of Minerals is to promote the development of prospecting mineralogy and genetic mineralogy in a porphyry metallogenic system, and may prove significant in furthering the mineralogist’s understanding of the evolution of porphyry systems. On this basis, it is expected to link the formation and evolution of the porphyry system with the evolution of continental crust. The deposits studied are required to be porphyry-related deposits, including porphyry deposits, epithermal deposits and skarn deposits.

Dr. Guoxue Song
Dr. Mingjian Cao
Dr. Wenyuan Liu
Dr. Chao Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • porphyry deposits
  • epithermal deposits
  • porphyry related skarn deposits
  • genetic mineralogy
  • prospecting mineralogy
  • hydrothermal system
  • continental crust
  • in situ micro-analysis

Published Papers (7 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

26 pages, 11261 KiB  
Article
Petrogenesis of the Weideshan Pluton in Jiaodong and Its Implications for Gold Polymetallic Mineralization: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb-Hf Isotopes, Petrogeochemistry, and Whole-Rock Sr-Nd Isotopes
by Pengfei Wei, Dapeng Li, Ke Geng, Yan Zhang, Qiang Liu, Wei Xie, Yingxin Song, Na Cai, Chao Zhang and Zhigang Song
Minerals 2024, 14(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14010007 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 835
Abstract
The Early Cretaceous Weideshan granites are associated with large-scale Au and polymetallic Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn mineralization. To investigate the petrogenesis of the Weideshan granite and constrain its tectonic setting during the Early Cretaceous, we conducted a zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope and whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic [...] Read more.
The Early Cretaceous Weideshan granites are associated with large-scale Au and polymetallic Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn mineralization. To investigate the petrogenesis of the Weideshan granite and constrain its tectonic setting during the Early Cretaceous, we conducted a zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope and whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic study of the granite. In situ zircon U-Pb dating of three granite samples yielded Early Cretaceous ages of 112.83 ± 0.80, 112.64 ± 0.91, and 111.82 ± 0.78 Ma. The samples had high-K calc-alkaline compositions and were enriched in the light rare earth and large-ion lithophile elements (e.g., K, Rb, Ba, Th, and U) and depleted in high-field-strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ti, and P). The samples had small negative Eu anomalies and initial 87Sr/86Sr and εNd(t) values of 0.70853–0.71029 and –18 to –14, respectively. The zircon εHf(t) values varied between −16 and −12, with corresponding two-stage model ages (tDM2) of 2180–2000 Ma. These characteristics indicated that the Weideshan pluton was formed in a back-arc extensional environment caused by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate toward the Asian continent during the early Cretaceous. The magma was generated by crust–mantle interaction during lithospheric thinning. The diagenetic age of the Weideshan granites was the same as the formation age of gold and polymetallic ores in the Jiaodong area. The extensive fluid circulation induced by the magma emplacement may be the main source of ore-forming materials for the gold and polymetallic Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn deposits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porphyry Metallogenic System: Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 7160 KiB  
Article
The Mineral Chemistry of Magnetite and Its Constraints on Ore-Forming Mechanism in the Sandaozhuang Skarn-Type W-Mo Deposit in East Qinling, China
by Zhijie Zeng, Uzair Siddique, Miaojun Sun, Qin Gao, Yanting Chen, Lei Chen and Zilong Li
Minerals 2023, 13(8), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081091 - 15 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1205
Abstract
The Sandaozhuang super-large W-Mo deposit is located in the southern margin of the North China Craton, within the well-known East Qinling Mo mineralization belt, and is one of the typical skarn-type W-Mo deposits in China. Based on EMPA and LA-ICP-MS analyses, major and [...] Read more.
The Sandaozhuang super-large W-Mo deposit is located in the southern margin of the North China Craton, within the well-known East Qinling Mo mineralization belt, and is one of the typical skarn-type W-Mo deposits in China. Based on EMPA and LA-ICP-MS analyses, major and trace elements were presented, and the mineral chemistry of magnetite at various mineralization stages was discussed. Combining field observations, petrography, and geochemical characteristics, the magnetite at the Sandaozhuang deposit can be classified into three types, namely early-magmatic-stage high-temperature magnetite (Mag1), potassic-alteration-stage magnetite (Mag2), and retrograde-alteration-stage magnetite (Mag3). The Mag1 and Mag2 magnetites primarily occurred in granites in association with potassium (K) feldspar and biotite, whereas Mag3 is associated with metallic sulfide minerals that occurred mainly in vein-like structures in skarn. The three magnetites Mag1, Mag2, and Mag3 can be distinguished as having magmatic, magmatic–hydrothermal transition, and hydrothermal origins, respectively. All three types of magnetite exhibit a depletion of high-field-strength elements (HFSEs) such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and Ti, and large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) including Rb, K, Ba, and Sr, compared to the mean continental crust composition. Conversely, they are enriched in elements such as Sn, Mo, V, Cr, Zn, and Ga. Mag3 showed no significant depletion of Co, Ni, Cu, and Bi, indicating that the influence of coexisting sulfides on the composition of magnetite at the Sandaozhuang deposit is limited. There are systematic variations in major and trace elements from Mag1 to Mag3, which exhibited similar patterns in trace element spider and rare earth element diagrams, and Y/Ho ratio, indicating a consistent source for the three types of magnetite. The changes in V and Cr contents and (Ti + V) vs. (Al + Mn) diagram of magnetite at the Sandaozhuang deposit reflected the evolution of ore-forming fluids with an initial increase in oxygen fugacity and a subsequent decrease, as well as a gradual decrease in temperature during skarn mineralization. The early high-temperature and high-oxygen-fugacity magmatic fluids became W and Mo enriched by hydrothermal fluid interaction. The rapid change in fluid properties during the retrograde alteration stage led to the precipitation of scheelite and molybdenite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porphyry Metallogenic System: Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 7824 KiB  
Article
Cu–S Isotopes of the Main Sulfides and Indicative Significance in the Qibaoshan Cu–Au Polymetallic Ore District, Wulian County, Shandong Province, North China Craton
by Yuqin Sun, Xin Wang, Yan Zhang, Dapeng Li, Wei Shan, Ke Geng, Pengfei Wei, Qiang Liu, Wei Xie and Naijie Chi
Minerals 2023, 13(6), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13060723 - 25 May 2023
Viewed by 1027
Abstract
With a focus on the Cu isotope geochemistry of chalcopyrite, this paper analyzed the Cu isotope geochemistry of the Qibaoshan crypto-explosive breccia-type Cu–Au polymetallic ore district in Wulian, Shandong Province, North China Craton (NCC). Combined with the results of the in situ sulfur [...] Read more.
With a focus on the Cu isotope geochemistry of chalcopyrite, this paper analyzed the Cu isotope geochemistry of the Qibaoshan crypto-explosive breccia-type Cu–Au polymetallic ore district in Wulian, Shandong Province, North China Craton (NCC). Combined with the results of the in situ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfides, a certain reference and evidence for the study of the genetic mechanism of the epithermal-porphyry Cu polymetallic metallogenic system were provided. The results of the in situ isotope analysis show that the δ34S values of the main sulfides in the Qibaoshan Cu–Au polymetallic ore district range from −6.81‰ to +3.82‰ and are likely to be attributed to the mixing of the derived mantle with the surrounding sedimentary rock assimilation. The ore-forming mechanism may be related to the progressive cooling and transition of the earliest hydrothermal fluids that were dominated by H2S under relatively reducing conditions, followed by a gradual transition from oxidation to reduction. The Cu isotopic composition of the sulfides in ores (δ65Cu = +0.169‰–+0.357‰) decreases with depth, which is likely caused by the upward transport of heavier Cu isotopes. The upper part of the crypto-explosive breccia pipe in the Qibaoshan area may be relatively more gaseous, resulting in the enrichment of δ65Cu. As the gas phase decreases and the liquid phase increases with depth, the δ65Cu value gradually decreases. This indicates the transition from a low-temperature phyllic alteration to a high-temperature K-feldspar alteration. Large, concealed pluton intrusions or orebodies may be present at a depth of the Qibaoshan area. The heavy δ65Cu characteristic is a potential indicator for tracing the fluid activity of the porphyry system and searching for Cu mines. The results provide a reference for the study of the genetic mechanisms of the epithermal-porphyry Cu polymetallic metallogenic system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porphyry Metallogenic System: Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 26221 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Fluid-Exsolving Depth on Mineralization Quality: Evidence from Biotite and Zircon Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusions from the 460 Gaodi Porphyry Mo-Cu Deposit, NE China
by Jing Kan, Kezhang Qin, Le Wang, Kaixuan Hui and Ri Han
Minerals 2023, 13(5), 699; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050699 - 20 May 2023
Viewed by 1126
Abstract
The recently discovered 460 Gaodi porphyry Mo-Cu deposit is a sub-economic deposit characterized by low Mo-Cu grades, dispersed mineralization, and separated Mo- and Cu-ore bodies. This study aims to elucidate the factors underlying this type of sub-economic mineralization. Electron-microprobe analyses of biotite from [...] Read more.
The recently discovered 460 Gaodi porphyry Mo-Cu deposit is a sub-economic deposit characterized by low Mo-Cu grades, dispersed mineralization, and separated Mo- and Cu-ore bodies. This study aims to elucidate the factors underlying this type of sub-economic mineralization. Electron-microprobe analyses of biotite from ore-related granite porphyry yielded Ti-in-biotite crystallization temperatures of 677–734 °C (an average of 719 °C) and biotite phenocryst crystallization depths of 6.0 to 12.9 km. LA-ICP-MS analyses of zircons from the same sample revealed average zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios of 299.7 and elevated zircon lg(ƒO2) ratios, with an average ΔFMQ of +6.6 ± 1.9. These discoveries suggest that the magma responsible for ore formation boasts a high degree of oxidation, yet also possesses a magma chamber located at a significant depth within the upper crust. This implies an extensive exsolving depth for fluids. Furthermore, our microthermometry analysis of fluid inclusions reveals that a portion of the fluid experiences considerable conductive cooling as it ascends along the conduit, owing to the depth of fluid exsolution. This process results in the ore fluids remaining in the liquid-only region without undergoing boiling, which is conducive to the enrichment of metals. We emphasize the fact that fluid-exsolving depth plays a critical role in determining the metal grades and economic value of a porphyry deposit by regulating the P-T evolution path of the ore fluids Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porphyry Metallogenic System: Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 17845 KiB  
Article
Sulfide Trace Element Signatures and S- and Pb-Isotope Geochemistry of Porphyry Copper and Epithermal Gold-Base Metal Mineralization in the Elatsite–Chelopech Ore Field (Bulgaria)
by Elitsa Stefanova, Stoyan Georgiev, Irena Peytcheva, Peter Marchev, Albrecht von Quadt, Raya Raicheva, Ianko Gerdjikov, Kalin Kouzmanov, Adrian Boyce and Torsten Vennemann
Minerals 2023, 13(5), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050630 - 30 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2355
Abstract
The Elatsite–Chelopech ore field in the northern part of the Panagyurishte district in Central Bulgaria comprises numerous spatially associated porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits and prospects. In addition to the mineralization and alteration features, trace elements, lead and sulfur isotope signatures of [...] Read more.
The Elatsite–Chelopech ore field in the northern part of the Panagyurishte district in Central Bulgaria comprises numerous spatially associated porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits and prospects. In addition to the mineralization and alteration features, trace elements, lead and sulfur isotope signatures of sulfide minerals from porphyry copper, base metal and gold-base metal deposits/prospects have been studied. LA-ICP-MS analyses of pyrite, arsenopyrite and sulfosalt minerals validate them as major carriers for Au, Ag, Sb, Se and Co. Pyrite from the three types of mineralization has specific geochemical characteristics. Pyrite from the porphyry copper deposits/prospects has generally lower total trace element content compared to pyrite from the epithermal prospects, except for Se, Co and Ni. Pyrite from the base metal and gold-base metal veins is enriched in As, Au, Ag, Sb and Pb. In pyrite from the base metal deposits, Co and Ni have contents comparable to the pyrite from the porphyry copper deposits, while pyrite from the gold-base metal veins shows lower Co and Ni. Arsenopyrite from these deposits shows similar features. Similarly, sphalerite from the gold-base metal veins also has lower Co content compared to sphalerite from the base metal veins but higher In and Cu contents. In addition to the close spatial relationships between the Elatsite and Gorna Kamenitsa porphyry Cu deposits and Negarstitsa-West and Dolna Kamenitsa base metal prospects, as well as similarities in the mineralization and alteration styles, the lead isotopic (206Pb/204Pb = 18.61–18.68, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.64–15.65 for porphyry and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.55–18.67, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.64–15.68 for base metal) and sulfur isotopic (δ34S values of −3 to +1‰ for porphyry and δ34S values of −1.7 to +3.5‰ for base metal) signatures of sulfides support the idea of a genetic link between these two types of deposits. The porphyry and base-metal mineralization result from a common major ore-forming event during the Late Cretaceous, corresponding to deep/higher-temperature and shallower/distal/lower-temperature environments, respectively. In particular, more radiogenic lead (206Pb/204Pb = 18.41–18.47, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.67–15.76) and slightly different sulfur isotopic compositions (δ34S values of +3.5 to +10.6‰) of sulfides from the distal gold-base metal veins of Kordunsko Dere, Svishti Plaz and Shipkite might be a consequence of the interaction of the ore-forming fluids with an external older crustal and isotopically positive S source. Alternatively, a different fluid source/event for the formation of these gold-base metal veins may be suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porphyry Metallogenic System: Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4025 KiB  
Article
The Genetic Link between Iron-Oxide–Apatite and Porphyry Cu–Au Mineralization: Insight from the Biotite–Pyroxene–Zircon Study of the Nihe Fe Deposit and the Shaxi Cu–Au Deposit in the Lower Yangtze Valley, SE China
by Yi Li, Ke-Zhang Qin, Guo-Xue Song, Yu Fan, Fang-Yue Wang and Le Wang
Minerals 2023, 13(3), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13030451 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1258
Abstract
Different ore deposit types may evolve from a common magmatic-hydrothermal system. Establishing a genetic link between different deposit types in an ore cluster can not only deepen the understanding of the magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization process but can also guide exploration. Both the Nihe iron-oxide–apatite [...] Read more.
Different ore deposit types may evolve from a common magmatic-hydrothermal system. Establishing a genetic link between different deposit types in an ore cluster can not only deepen the understanding of the magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization process but can also guide exploration. Both the Nihe iron-oxide–apatite (IOA) deposit and the Shaxi porphyry Cu–Au deposit in the Lower Yangtze Valley, Anhui, Southeast China, formed in the Luzong Cretaceous volcanic basin at ~130 Ma. We examined a temporal–spatial and potential genetic link between these deposits based on stratigraphic lithofacies sections, biotite and clinopyroxene mineralogical chemistry, zircon chronology, Hf isotopes, and trace elements. Stratigraphy, petrology, mineralogical chemistry, and available fluid inclusion results support that the emplacement depth of the Nihe ore-related porphyry is shallower than that of the Shaxi porphyry. The magmatic zircon and hydrothermal zircon from Nihe provided U–Pb ages of 130.6 ± 0.7 Ma and 130.7 ± 0.7 Ma, respectively. The magmatic zircon U–Pb age (130.0 ± 0.8 Ma) of Shaxi overlaps with its molybdenite Re–Os age (130.0 ± 1.0 Ma). The agreement between the mineralization and porphyry emplacement ages of Nihe and Shaxi indicates a temporal coincidence and supports a possible genetic link between the two deposits, considering their close spatial relationship (in the same ore district, 15 km). The zircon Hf isotopes and trace elements support the evolution of both deposits from an enriched lithospheric mantle, although the Shaxi deposit may have experienced contamination of the Jiangnan-type basement. Both deposits lie above the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer, but the Nihe magmatic zircons are of lower temperature and less oxidized than that of Shaxi. The much higher Eu/Eu* and Yb/Dy values of zircons from Shaxi are likely caused by the suppression of early plagioclase crystallization and the prevalence of amphibole fractionation, thus indicating more hydrous content of the Shaxi ore-related magma. Additionally, the Shaxi ore-related porphyry has higher zircon Hf concentrations, suggesting that the porphyry Cu–Au deposit has experienced a greater degree of magma fractionation. Our study highlights that the Nihe IOA deposit and the Shaxi porphyry Cu–Au deposit have a common magma source, while different extent of crust contamination, magma oxidation state, hydrous content, and degree of magma fractionation collectively result in the two distinct ore deposits. This possible genetic link suggests a great potential of porphyry Cu–Au-PGE mineralization in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River metallogenetic belt, especially in the deep part of the IOA district in the Luzong Cretaceous volcanic basin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porphyry Metallogenic System: Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 59119 KiB  
Article
Formation of the Chalukou High Fluorine-Type Mo (–Zn–Pb) Deposit, NE China: Constraints from Fluorite and Sphalerite Rare Earth Elements and Sr–Nd Isotope Compositions
by Luying Jin, Kezhang Qin, Guangming Li, Junxing Zhao, Zhenzhen Li, Zhuyin Chu and Guoxue Song
Minerals 2023, 13(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13010077 - 03 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1276
Abstract
Fluorite is a widespread mineral in porphyry and hydrothermal vein Mo-polymetallic deposits. Here, fluorite is utilised as a probe to trace the fluid source and reveal the fluid evolution process in the Chalukou giant Mo (Pb–Zn) deposit, Northeast China, which is characterised as [...] Read more.
Fluorite is a widespread mineral in porphyry and hydrothermal vein Mo-polymetallic deposits. Here, fluorite is utilised as a probe to trace the fluid source and reveal the fluid evolution process in the Chalukou giant Mo (Pb–Zn) deposit, Northeast China, which is characterised as early porphyry Mo and later vein-style Zn–Pb mineralisation. A detailed rare earth element (REE) and Sr–Nd isotope study of fluorite combined with Sr isotopes of sphalerite is conducted for the Chalukou deposit. The chondrite-normalised REE patterns of fluorites from molybdenite veins show light REE (LREE)-enriched patterns, with negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.60) and weakly negative Y anomalies (Y/Y* = 0.72). The fluorites associated with sphalerite veins exhibit rare earth element (REE)-flat patterns with negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.65 to 0.99) and positive Y anomalies (Y/Y* = 1.37 to 3.08). In addition, during the progression from Mo to Zn–Pb mineralisation, the total concentration of REEs decreases from 839 ppm to 53.7 ppm, and Y/Ho ratios increase from 22.1 to 92.5. These features may be explained by the different mobilities of REE complexes during fluid migration. The Eu anomalies are considered to be inherited from source fluids. All the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of fluorite and sphalerite are between those of ore-forming porphyries and wall rocks (rhyolite), with fluorite ratios ranging from 0.706942 to 0.707386 and sphalerite ratios varying from 0.705221 to 0.710417. The majority of εNd(t) values of fluorite varying from −6.4 to −3.6 are also located between the ratios exhibited by ore-forming porphyries and rhyolite, whereas three εNd(t) values of fluorites ranging from −0.26 to 0.36 are close to those of ore-forming porphyries. All the isotopic features indicate that the Sr-Nd isotope ratios of hydrothermal fluid are derived from porphyries and disturbed by fluid–rock reactions. Together with a two-stage Sr–Nd isotope mixing model, we suggest that different sources and fluid–rock interactions (syn-ore intrusions and strata) finally influence the Sr–Nd isotopes of the ore-forming fluids, which are recorded by the majority of fluorite and sphalerite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porphyry Metallogenic System: Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-7
Back to TopTop