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Minerals
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Origin and Evolution of Deep-Seated Melts and Their Interactions with...
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Origin and Evolution of Deep-Seated Melts and Their Interactions with the Lithospheric Mantle

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 3890

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Igor Ashchepkov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Interests: mantle xenolith; xenocryst thermobarometry; geochemistry; magmas; peridotites; eclogites; craton layering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sergei Rasskazov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of the Earth’s crust, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
2. Faculty of Geology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
Interests: Cenozoic rifts in Central and East Asia, North America, and East Africa; origin of volcanic rocks erupted at the latest geodynamic stage of the evolving Earth
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on the composition and spatial distribution, geochronology and geochemistry of the intraplate magmas in a cratonic setting and its surroundings and their relation to the plume and superplume events. Models of the origin and evolution of the mantle melts in cratonic and peripheral areas have been created, and suggest the reconstruction of the structure and composition of the upper mantle, and that magma-generation processes initiated by plumes or subduction influence the mantle composition and structure. The interactions of melts and fluids from plumes with mantle roots are of interest, as is the study of mantle xenoliths allowing reconstruction of the polybaric conduits, chamber systems and wall rocks.

Proposed topics for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

1) The reconstruction of the structures and compositions of the mantle roots based on PT estimates and detailed geochemistry of mantle and lower crustal xenoliths in deep-seated magmas such as alkali basalts and kimberlites;

2) The reconstruction of the conditions and substrates of primary and contaminated mantle magmas using whole-rock geochemistry, as well as the trace-element and isotope geochemistry of xenocrysts and phenocrysts;

3) Discussion of the nature and development of metasomatic agents;

4) Models for the origin of the stratification of asthenospheric roots reconstructed from petrological and geophysical data and their influence on the evolution of mantle melts;

5) The links between high P-T experiments under mantle conditions and data obtained from the petrology of natural xenoliths and magmas;

6) Models of rising mantle melts, xenoliths and xenocrysts, including diamonds, based on theoretical and petrological data;

7) The thermodynamic and mathematic modeling of heterophase interaction at the top of mantle plumes;

8) The oxygen fugacity of mantle rocks, and their fluctuation and mechanisms;

9) Vertical motions of the melts and solids, including the ascent of mantle.

Dr. Igor Ashchepkov
Prof. Dr. Sergei Rasskazov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mantle lithosphere
  • kimberlite
  • basalt
  • diamond
  • geochronology
  • geochemistry
  • ore deposits
  • mantle xenolith
  • deep-seated melts

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 9629 KiB  
Article
Chemical Modification of Lherzolite Xenoliths Due to Interaction with Host Basanite Melt: Evidence from Tumusun Volcano, Baikal Rift Zone
by Marina A. Gornova, Vasiliy A. Belyaev, Anas A. Karimov, Alexander B. Perepelov and Sergei I. Dril
Minerals 2023, 13(3), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13030403 - 14 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1084
Abstract
To investigate the process and chemistry of mineral reaction zone formation, we conducted detailed petrographic observations and chemical analysis of rocks and minerals of spinel lherzolite xenoliths from basanites of Tumusun volcano (Baikal Rift Zone). The reaction zones gradually disappear from contact toward [...] Read more.
To investigate the process and chemistry of mineral reaction zone formation, we conducted detailed petrographic observations and chemical analysis of rocks and minerals of spinel lherzolite xenoliths from basanites of Tumusun volcano (Baikal Rift Zone). The reaction zones gradually disappear from contact toward the center of the xenoliths. The influence of basanite melt on major and trace element composition of secondary minerals of reaction zones is notable only at a distance up to 100–200 μm from the contact. At a distance of 0.3–1.0 mm from the contact, the major and trace composition of secondary clinopyroxenes from the orthopyroxene reaction zone indicates their formation from a melt formed by dissolution of orthopyroxene and influenced by the element diffusion from basanite melt. Inside xenoliths, the secondary minerals have Mg# values equal to or higher than Mg# of primary minerals, and secondary clinopyroxenes inherit their depleted or enriched REE pattern from primary pyroxenes. The compositional variations in secondary clinopyroxenes testify melt heterogeneity. Clinopyroxene rims have slightly higher LILE and similar abundances of other trace elements compared to clinopyroxene cores. This is consistent with the model developed from experimental studies: due to the interaction with basanite, incongruent dissolution of orthopyroxene occurs to form a melt which circulates in lherzolite and leads to pyroxenes and spinel dissolution. Diffusion of elements from basanite results in lherzolite enrichment in K, Na, Rb, Ba, La, and Ce, which are incorporated in feldspars and clinopyroxene of reaction zones as well as in feldspar veinlets. Non-dissolved mineral cores are homogenous and similar in major and trace element composition to primary minerals without reaction rims. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Origin and Evolution of Deep-Seated Melts and Their Interactions with the Lithospheric Mantle)
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37 pages, 16959 KiB  
Article
Eclogite Varieties and Their Positions in the Cratonic Mantle Lithosphere beneath Siberian Craton and Archean Cratons Worldwide
by Igor Ashchepkov, Alla Logvinova, Zdislav Spetsius, Hilary Downes, Theodoros Ntaflos, Alexandr Ivanov, Vladimir Zinchenko, Sergey Kostrovitsky and Yury Ovchinnikov
Minerals 2022, 12(11), 1353; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12111353 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1667
Abstract
The pressure-temperature (PT) conditions and position of different groups of eclogites in the sub-cratonic lithospheric mantle (SCLM) worldwide were established using clinopyroxene Jd-Di and garnet thermobarometry. Beneath Siberia, Fe-eclogites found within the 3.0–4.0 GPa formed in Early Archean times. In the Middle and [...] Read more.
The pressure-temperature (PT) conditions and position of different groups of eclogites in the sub-cratonic lithospheric mantle (SCLM) worldwide were established using clinopyroxene Jd-Di and garnet thermobarometry. Beneath Siberia, Fe-eclogites found within the 3.0–4.0 GPa formed in Early Archean times. In the Middle and Late Archean, eclogites were melted during and after subduction. High-Mg eclogites (partial melts or arc cumulates) are related to low-T (LT) geotherms. Melt-metasomatized eclogites trace a high-temperature (HT) geotherm. Eclogitic diamond inclusions from Siberia mostly belong to the middle SCLM (MSCLM) part. Ca-rich eclogites from Precambrian Indian kimberlites are located in the MSCLM. In Phanerozoic time, they were located in the lithosphere base. In Proterozoic South Africa, Ca-rich eclogites and grospydites occur within 4.0–5.0 GPa and HT eclogite and diamond inclusions from the Premier pipe trace a HT geotherm at depths of 7.0–4.0 GPa, showing an increase in Fe upwards in the mantle section. Similar trends are common for eclogites worldwide. In the Wyoming craton, kimberlites captured eclogite xenoliths from the 4.0–2.5 GPa interval. Mantle eclogites have clinopyroxenes and garnet trace element patterns with high (La/Yb)n determined by KDs with melts and are magmatic. Flatter and bell-like REE patterns with Eu anomalies, HFSE troughs, and U and Pb peaks, are common for clinopyroxenes from MORB-type “basaltic” eclogites. High-Mg eclogites show less fractionated incompatible element branch in patterns. LILE-enrichments and HFSE troughs are typical for kyanite-bearing eclogites. Clinopyroxenes from diamond-bearing eclogites show lower REE, troughs in Nb and Zr, and peaks in Pb and U concentrations, compared to barren eclogites with round smooth trace element patterns and small depressions in Pb and Ba. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Origin and Evolution of Deep-Seated Melts and Their Interactions with the Lithospheric Mantle)
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