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Chemical Engineering and Technology in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy,...
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Chemical Engineering and Technology in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, Volume II

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 6120

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xin Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: surface and interface chemistry; froth flotation; molecular design; mineral resources utilization; manganese
Dr. Zhiqiang Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China
Interests: flotation; flotation reagents; molecular design; surface and interface chemistry; adsorption mechanisms
Dr. Cheng Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: flotation; surface and interface chemistry; flotation reagents; particle interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Shuai Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: fine chemicals; hydrometallurgy; flotation; nonferrous metals; manganese; heavy metal wastewater
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chemical engineering and technology are the basis of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. In the long history of human civilization, with the development of science and technology, chemical engineering, mineral processing, metallurgical engineering, and other process technologies have coexisted and mutually promoted each other. More than 100 years ago, chemical engineers summarized the common laws in the process industry and developed the basic theory of unit operations. Today, fluid flow, leaching, extraction, ion exchange and absorption, sedimentation, precipitation, evaporation, crystallization, distillation, electrolysis, and membrane separation are still typical operations in the process industry. It is undoubtedly of great significance to study the chemical engineering principles in mineral processing and extractive metallurgy to profoundly understand the essence of mineral separation and extraction, optimizing the technological flow of mineral processing and improving the utilization level of mineral resources.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to discuss the chemical engineering principles in mineral processing and extractive metallurgy, with particular attention to the transport and chemical reaction processes, and the kinetics and thermodynamics of these processes. Of course, discussions on process intensification methods, such as mechanical reinforcement, ultrasonic, microwave, supercritical, and supergravity, are also welcome. The guest editors look forward to a more in-depth discussion around chemical processes and principles in this Special Issue.

Thank you for your support.

Dr. Xin Ma
Dr. Zhiqiang Huang
Dr. Cheng Liu
Prof. Dr. Shuai Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrometallurgy
  • flotation
  • roasting
  • leaching
  • extraction
  • ion exchange
  • adsorption
  • electrolysis
  • membrane separation
  • unit operations
  • transmission
  • reaction
  • kinetics
  • thermodynamics

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4108 KiB  
Article
Influence of Clay Particle Interactions on Leaching Percolation in Ion-Adsorption-Type Rare Earth Ores
by Li Wang, Liang Li, Kaizhong Li and Li Huang
Minerals 2024, 14(2), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14020140 - 26 Jan 2024
Viewed by 615
Abstract
Ion-adsorption-type rare earth ores (IRE-ores) are a vital source of rare earth elements globally. The percolation properties of the ore body significantly determine the ease of rare earth extraction using in situ leaching processes. This paper investigates the interactions among clay particles in [...] Read more.
Ion-adsorption-type rare earth ores (IRE-ores) are a vital source of rare earth elements globally. The percolation properties of the ore body significantly determine the ease of rare earth extraction using in situ leaching processes. This paper investigates the interactions among clay particles in ion-adsorption-type rare earth ores within aqueous solutions, utilizing methods such as mineral particle aggregation and settling and acid–base adsorption on mineral surfaces. Based on these analyses, this paper elucidates the influence of solution properties on the percolation process of ion-type rare earth ores during leaching. The results indicate that the electrostatic attraction between minerals in aqueous solutions is pronounced, enhancing the interaction and resulting in a notable instability of the aggregates. The aggregation of minerals impacts the viscous effect of water bound to the mineral surface on the solution, thereby affecting the percolation rate. Extremely low concentrations of SO42− and CH3COO− can act as surface modifiers, reducing the electrostatic attraction between particles and consequently increasing the leaching percolation rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Engineering and Technology in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, Volume II)
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13 pages, 6171 KiB  
Article
A Green Cyclic Leaching Process for Low-Grade Pyrolusite via a Recyclable Fe(II) Reductant
by Qiren Wang, Shuai Wang, Xin Ma, Zhanfang Cao, Jiakang Di, Jia Yang and Hong Zhong
Minerals 2023, 13(9), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091191 - 11 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 623
Abstract
The low-cost Fe(II) reductants used in the leaching of pyrolusite usually cause high concentrations of iron ions in the leaching solution, which are difficult to treat and recover. Herein, a green cyclic leaching process for pyrolusite with recycling and reusing of Fe(II) reductants [...] Read more.
The low-cost Fe(II) reductants used in the leaching of pyrolusite usually cause high concentrations of iron ions in the leaching solution, which are difficult to treat and recover. Herein, a green cyclic leaching process for pyrolusite with recycling and reusing of Fe(II) reductants was developed. Sodium sulfide was introduced to reduce and precipitate iron ions in the leaching solution. Ep-H diagrams show that Fe3+ can be reduced to Fe2+ by S2− and form a precipitate with the high efficiency of 93.09%. Since the main component of the precipitate was ferrous disulfide with reducibility, it was used as a reducing agent for low-grade manganese oxide ores. A total of 97.96% of the manganese was highly reductively leached by the obtained precipitate of 0.28 g·g−1 ore. Furthermore, the leaching efficiency was almost unchanged after five iterations of cyclic experiments. The cyclic leaching process enables the efficient leaching of manganese and the recycling of iron, which provides a green and economic method for the efficient utilization of low-grade pyrolusite resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Engineering and Technology in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, Volume II)
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12 pages, 2577 KiB  
Article
Separation of Valuable Metals in The Recycling of Lithium Batteries via Solvent Extraction
by Yi-Chin Tang, Jian-Zhi Wang and Yun-Hwei Shen
Minerals 2023, 13(2), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020285 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2627
Abstract
With the development trend and technological progress of lithium batteries, the battery market is booming, which means that the consumption demand for lithium batteries has increased significantly, and, therefore, a large number of discarded lithium batteries will be generated accordingly. Solvent extraction is [...] Read more.
With the development trend and technological progress of lithium batteries, the battery market is booming, which means that the consumption demand for lithium batteries has increased significantly, and, therefore, a large number of discarded lithium batteries will be generated accordingly. Solvent extraction is a promising approach because it is simple. Solvent extraction is low in time consumption and is easy to industrialize. This paper is focused on the selective recovery of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) contained in leachate obtained by digesting a cathodic material from spent lithium batteries with hydrochloric acid. After leaching the cathodic material, Mn was selectively extracted from leachate by using solvent extraction with D2EHPA diluted in kerosene in an optimized condition. Afterward, Co was extracted from the Mn-depleted aqueous phase using Cyanex272 diluted in kerosene. Finally, the raffinate obtained via a stripping reaction with H2SO4 was used in the Ni extraction experiments. Cyanex272 extractant was employed to separate Ni and Li. The process can recover more than 93% of Mn, 90% of Co, and 90% of Ni. The crucial material recovered in the form of sulfuric acid solutions can be purified and returned to the manufacturer for use. This process proposes a complete recycling method by effectively recovering Mn, Co, and Ni with solvent extraction, to contribute to the supply of raw materials and to reduce tensions related to mineral resources for the production of lithium batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Engineering and Technology in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, Volume II)
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Review

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33 pages, 10983 KiB  
Review
Research Progress with Scheelite Flotation Reagents: A Review
by Yuhang Lu, Renfeng Ding, Guosheng Li, Xiangyu Song, Yijun Cao and Kai Jia
Minerals 2023, 13(10), 1257; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13101257 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1192
Abstract
With the depletion of easily mined and separated wolframite, scheelite has become the primary source of tungsten. Flotation is the primary technique used to enrich scheelite. However, flotation separation of scheelite from calcium-bearing gangue minerals, such as calcite and fluorite, has always been [...] Read more.
With the depletion of easily mined and separated wolframite, scheelite has become the primary source of tungsten. Flotation is the primary technique used to enrich scheelite. However, flotation separation of scheelite from calcium-bearing gangue minerals, such as calcite and fluorite, has always been challenging due to their similar surface properties. To date, various flotation reagents and related mechanisms have been proposed for scheelite, which have attracted considerable attention. This paper reviews the scheelite flotation reagents, including collectors and regulators, and introduces recent research progress on the mechanisms for the interactions between the flotation reagents and mineral surfaces. The advantages and limitations of different flotation reagents are discussed. Inorganic or organic inhibitors in combination with fatty acids, chelate collectors, and cationic collectors are commonly used to separate scheelite from calcium-bearing gangue. Flotation differences between the scheelite and calcium-bearing minerals can be explained by variations in the electrical charges and steric hindrance at the mineral surfaces. In the future, fatty acid collectors will be still the main collectors used in scheelite flotation due to their low cost and strong collecting ability, and new collectors with high selectivity (such as metal complex collectors, new chelate collectors, new environmental collectors) will become a new research hotspot in the future due to their good selectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Engineering and Technology in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, Volume II)
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