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Special Issue "Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Sedimentary Geology of Lacustrine Basins"

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A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 December 2023 | Viewed by 3308

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jingchun Tian

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Guest Editor

Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
Interests: sedimentary geology; sedimentary geochemistry

Dr. Qingshao Liang
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Guest Editor

Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
Interests: event sedimentary geology; sedimentary geology

Prof. Dr. Qinlian Wei

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Guest Editor

School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
Interests: sedimentary geology; reservoir sedimentary geology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, with the development of shale oil and gas on both the domestic and international levels, unconventional oil and gas have gradually become new hotspots in the energy industry. As convergence systems in the terrestrial source sink system, lacustrine basins can mainly be divided into fault depression type, depression type, and foreland type. Due to their unique fine-grained sedimentary system and low-energy environment, a variety of lithologic tight reservoirs, including tight sandstone, tuff and carbonate rocks, are developed for such purposes. At the same time, the lake basin is vulnerable to the impact of climate and the environment, and a variety of chemical evaporites are developed. These will tend to damage the reservoir porosity and permeability conditions and further lead to reservoir densification. The sedimentary environment and sedimentary models of lake basins are relatively complex, with diverse types and evolutionary processes of diagenesis. The characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in lake basins are variable, making the process of developing lake shale oil and gas difficult.

Therefore, the characteristics of lake basin mineralogy, geochemistry and sedimentary geology are in urgent need of clarification, which is of great significance to the exploration and development of global continental lake basins. Thus, this Special Issue will focus on primary progress, innovative research, and system improvement in the field of lake basin sedimentology, including research into and discussions of the following topics:

Advanced technologies and methods for studying lacustrine sedimentary environment;
Advanced technologies and methods for studying lacustrine tight sandstone;
Practical application of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy in lacustrine equivalent.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Jingchun Tian
Dr. Qingshao Liang
Prof. Dr. Qinlian Wei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

sedimentary environment and sedimentary model
diagenesis types and diagenetic evolution
shale oil and gas in lacustrine basins
characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in lacustrine basins
high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of lacustrine basins

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Diagenetic Evolution and Petrophysical Characteristics of Paleogene Sandstone Reservoirs in the Southwest Baiyun Sag, Northern South China Sea

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Minerals 2023, 13(10), 1265; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13101265 - 28 Sep 2023

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Abstract

In addressing the critical need to understand the geological and diagenetic factors affecting Paleogene sandstone reservoirs in the Baiyun Sag—a region vital for oil and gas exploration—this study delves into the Paleogene Zhuhai and Enping formations. Advanced methodologies, including petrographic thin-section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, wavelet analysis, and carbon and oxygen isotope analysis, were employed to evaluate their petrological characteristics, pore structures, physical properties, and key diagenetic processes. The results indicate that the Zhuhai Formation is primarily composed of feldspathic quartz sandstones with prevalent intergranular dissolution pores, while the Enping Formation consists mainly of feldspathic sandstones with intragranular solution pores. The diagenetic temperatures across both formations ranged from 42.6 to 116.3 °C. The studied reservoirs have experienced porosity alterations due to mechanical compaction (23.07% reduction), carbonate cementation (9.02% reduction), and dissolution (5.09% enhancement). Notably, feldspar dissolution emerged as a significant contributor to high-quality reservoirs, particularly in the upper Enping Formation. These findings offer invaluable insights into the diagenetic evolution of sandstone reservoirs in the Baiyun Sag and hold significant implications for guiding future oil and gas exploration efforts in the region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Sedimentary Geology of Lacustrine Basins)

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Open AccessArticle

Research on Fractal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Pore-Throats in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs: A Case Study of Chang 6 of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Huaqing Area, Ordos Basin, China

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Minerals 2023, 13(9), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091137 - 28 Aug 2023

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Abstract

In recent years, tight sandstone oil and gas have been an important area for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development in China. It is of great significance to clarify the pore-throat structure characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs to guide production practices. This study takes the tight sandstone of the sixth member of the Yanchang Formation in the Huaqing area, Ordos Basin, as an example, based on experimental methods such as high-pressure mercury intrusion, cast thin sections and scanning electron microscopy. At the same time, the pore-throat structure of tight sandstone reservoirs is divided into three types using the tube-bundle and spherical fractal models. The corresponding pore and throat radius distribution, pore-throat combination mode and influencing factors of various pore-throats are studied. The results show that the fractal dimension of type I pore-throats is the smallest, and the distribution of their pore-throat radii is the most uniform. They are dominated by intercrystalline pores and dissolution pores with tube-bundle throats and small pores with small throats. Type II pore-throats have the largest fractal dimension and the worst pore-throat uniformity. They are dominated by residual primary intergranular pores with necked throats and large pores with small throats. The type III pore-throat fractal dimension is in the middle, mainly composed of residual dissolved intergranular pores with pore-reduced throats, sheet-like and curved sheet-like throats, and large pores with large throats. The influence of different pore-throat combinations on the reservoir is reflected in the different characteristics of mercury injection parameters. The main influencing factors for the differences in the fractal dimensions of different pore-throats are diagenesis, rock composition and pore-throat combination type. Diagenesis and rock composition, in turn, affect the type and development degree of pore-throats, as well as the combination of pore-throats. The purpose of this study was to clarify the internal connection modes of different homogeneous pore-throats and their influencing factors, enrich the theoretical basis for the study of tight sandstone reservoirs and provide theoretical guidance for their exploration and development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Sedimentary Geology of Lacustrine Basins)

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Open AccessArticle

Microscopic Pore Structure Characteristics and Fluid Mobility in Tight Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Chang 7 Member in the Western Xin’anbian Area of the Ordos Basin, China

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Minerals 2023, 13(8), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081063 - 11 Aug 2023

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Abstract

This research addresses the limited understanding of movable fluid occurrence characteristics in the Chang 7 reservoir by employing mercury injection capillary pressure, constant-rate mercury injections, and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. This study investigates the microscopic pore structure characteristics and movable fluids in the tight reservoir of the western Xin’an region, located in the Ordos Basin. The finding reveals that as permeability decreases, the distribution of the throat radius becomes more concentrated in the low-value area, resulting in a narrow distribution range with high curve peaks. Conversely, with an increasing permeability, the distribution range expands towards the high-value area while the curve peak decreases. This research underscores the significance of the throat radius, especially the main flow throat radius, in constraining the permeability of rock samples. Furthermore, this study highlights a stronger correlation between permeability and movable fluid saturation than porosity. This finding emphasizes the importance of considering movable fluid saturation when assessing reservoir characteristics. Notably, the throat radius plays a crucial role in influencing the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids, with a smaller throat radii posing hindrances to fluid flow in the reservoir. Additionally, the presence of clay minerals in the reservoir leads to pore segmentation and increased fluid flow resistance, ultimately reducing the saturation of movable fluids. I must be understood that these factors are essential for developing and producing reservoirs with similar characteristics. In conclusion, the insights gained from this study hold considerable theoretical value and provide essential references for developing and producing reservoirs with tight characteristics, particularly in the western Xin’an region of the Ordos Basin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Sedimentary Geology of Lacustrine Basins)

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Open AccessArticle

Coupling Relationships between Sedimentary Microfacies, Sand Bodies, and Tectonic Fracture Characteristics in Braided River Deltas: A Case Study of the Bashijiqike Formation in the Keshen 2 Area

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Minerals 2023, 13(8), 1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081020 - 30 Jul 2023

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Abstract

Fractures are crucial as main natural gas transport channels in tight sandstone reservoirs. In order to reveal the correlation between the combination of fractures in Block Keshen 2 and sandstone, we have collected drilling core data, logging curve data, imaging logging data, and rock thin-section data from the Bashjiqike Formation in the Keshen 2 area, and by classifying and statistically analyzing the different influencing factors of fractures, we have established a correlation between the development of fractures and sandstone thickness, lithology, and sedimentary microfacies. The results reveal the following: (1) frequent vertical superposition and lateral migration occur in the sedimentary sand bodies of the Bashijiqike Formation. Three types of patterns of sand bodies have been identified according to the changes in microfacies. Type I refers to the patterns of sand bodies developed in main subaqueous distributary channels, type II refers to the patterns of sand bodies developed in secondary subaqueous distributary channels or mouth bars, and type III refers to the patterns of sand bodies developed in isolated subaqueous distributary channels; (2) three types of fracture patterns have been described in the various sand bodies of the Bashijiqike Formation in the Keshen area, including high–medium-angle branch-like fracture patterns, medium-angle reticular fracture patterns, and isolated fractures; (3) the coupling relationship among sedimentary microfacies, sand body patterns, and fracture patterns has been established. The high–medium-angle branch-like fracture patterns mainly develop in the main underwater distributary channel and the type I sand body patterns. The medium-angle reticular fracture patterns mainly develop in the secondary underwater distributary channel and mouth bars, as well as the type II sand body patterns. Isolated fractures can occur in all sedimentary microfacies but are sporadically distributed within the three types of sand body patterns. The research results present the regularity of fracture development in fractured reservoirs, which can be applied to oil and gas fields with the same background, providing certain geological evidence for exploration and development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Sedimentary Geology of Lacustrine Basins)

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Open AccessArticle

Densification Mechanisms and Pore Evolution Analysis of a Tight Reservoir: A Case Study of Shan-1 Member of Upper Paleozoic Shanxi Formation in SW Ordos Basin, China

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Minerals 2023, 13(7), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070960 - 19 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 471

Abstract

This comprehensive analysis investigated the causes of formation densification in the Shan-1 Member tight reservoir in the southwestern Ordos Basin. The study aimed to mitigate exploration and development risks by examining petrological characteristics, reservoir performance, pore characteristics, and pore evolution. Various techniques were employed, including thin-section casting, scanning electron microscopy, and analysis of porosity and permeability. By establishing the relationship between visualized reservoir porosity and thin slice porosity, along with employing mechanical compaction correction methods and the principle of “back stripping by inversion,” the recovery of paleophysical properties in tight sandstone reservoirs was conducted. Additionally, the research integrated diagenetic evolution sequences and the recovery of paleophysical properties to analyze the origins of reservoir densification and pore evolution in the Shan-1 Member. The results suggest that compaction is the primary factor contributing to reservoir densification, with burial depth playing a crucial role in determining the intensity of compaction. Cementation, particularly associated with illite, emerged as a significant influence on reservoir densification, while low dissolution also contributed to the densification process. The densification of the Shan-1 reservoir in the study area was estimated to have occurred during the Early Jurassic, approximately 195 Ma. These research findings not only enhance the understanding of the Shan-1 reservoir but also provide valuable insights for predicting tight reservoirs and improving the efficiency of oil and gas production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Sedimentary Geology of Lacustrine Basins)

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Open AccessArticle

Characteristics and Geological Significance of High-Frequency Cycles in Salinized Lake Basins: The Paleogene Kumugeliemu Group in the Xinhe Area, Northern Tarim Basin

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Minerals 2023, 13(6), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13060824 - 16 Jun 2023

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Abstract

Salinized lake basins have distinctive sedimentary response characteristics, similar to marine shallow-water carbonate platforms. High-frequency cycles can also be used to reveal more sedimentological information, such as relative lake-level fluctuations, lithofacies sequence combinations, and paleogeographic evolution. In this article, a comprehensive study on the stratigraphic shelf delineation and high-frequency cycles of the Paleozoic Kumugeliemu Group in Xinhe area, northern Tarim Basin, was performed using drilling cores, logging curves, and seismic analyses. As a result of the study, the following data were obtained: the three sets of marker beds in the Kumugeliemu Group in the study area could be divided into a bottom sandstone component (E_1-2 km¹), a lower gypsum mudstone component (E_1-2 km²), a salt rock component (E_1-2 km³), and an upper gypsum mudstone component (E_1-2 km⁴) by petrology vertical overlay combination and isochronous tracking correlation, which constituted two third-order cycles (ESQ₁, ESQ₂). They were further divided into seven fourth-order cycles (Esq1–Esq7). Due to the droughty and saline lacustrine depositional system background, the internal rock fabric changed frequently and showed a periodic vertical overlay pattern. Stratified gypsum salt, gypsum mud (sand) rock, and gypsum rock were used as the cycle interface. A single cycle was mainly characterized by an upward shallower depositional sequence of rapid lake transgression followed by a slow lake regression, composed of massive sandstone–lamellar mudstone–lime dolomite–gypsum rock, massive sandstone–lamellar mudstone–gypsum rock (gypsum salt), massive sandstone–massive gypsum mud (sand) rock–gypsum rock, and other cycle structure types. The complete sedimentary cycle was superposed by a single cycle and compared by the inter-well thickness difference, indicating that the study area had a paleogeomorphology pattern of “West-Low–East-High”. The thickness of the cycles decreased gradually from bottom to top vertically, and five sedimentary stages were determined, i.e., freshwater, brackish, brackish water, salt lake, and semi-saltwater, reflecting the evolutionary process of increasing salinity, lake basin filling, and gradual salinization and shrinkage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Sedimentary Geology of Lacustrine Basins)

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