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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Viruses and Endocrine Diseases
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Viruses and Endocrine Diseases

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 8080

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Didier Hober

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, University of Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
Interests: enterovirus; coxsackieviruses; viral pathogenesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world of viruses is vast. Viruses have been known for a long time, and others are emerging and are even responsible for a pandemic like the current SARS-CoV-2. The detection of viruses and markers of viral infection has progressed over the past few years and, consequently, knowledge of the role of viruses in human diseases. Viruses were first isolated from various clinical samples of patients suffering from acute diseases. The culture of viruses opened a wide field of research in medicine. Later, viral proteins were found in cells by immunohistochemistry and the viral genome was detected by PCR (or RT-PCR in the case of RNA viruses), which enhanced the development of studies. The molecular biology of viruses, epidemiological and clinical aspects, and virus-host interaction were investigated.

The sum of knowledge regarding the detection of viruses, and their role in human diseases (acute and chronic), has increased considerably in recent years. The detection of enteroviruses, especially coxsackieviruses B (CV-B) and/or markers of infections (antibodies), was the foundation of the hypothesis of the role of these viruses in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Moreover, the detection of enteroviruses helped in investigating the role of these viruses in thyroid chronic diseases. More recently, the pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 revealed the role of this virus in endocrine diseases like thyroiditis and diabetes (type 1 and type 2). The relationship between viruses and endocrine diseases is complex, as shown by the predisposition to severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes.

Therefore, the topic “Virus and Endocrine Diseases” is of great relevance in medicine and even more in the current situation. The manuscripts included in this Special Issue should further explore the role of viruses and the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis of endocrine diseases, opening up new perspectives for combating them by attacking viruses. In this Special Issue in Microorganisms, original articles, short communications, and general reviews are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Didier Hober
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viruses
  • acute disease
  • chronic disease
  • epidemiological studies
  • pathogenesis
  • endocrine disease

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 454 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 Outcomes and Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
by Karolina Akinosoglou, Georgios Schinas, Evanthia Bletsa, Magdaline Bristianou, Leonidas Lanaras, Charalambos Michailides, Theodoros Katsikas, Fotios Barkas, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Vasileios Kotsis, Konstantinos Tentolouris, Pinelopi Grigoropoulou, Archontoula Frangou, Dimitrios Basoulis, Zoi Alexiou, Mary Daganou, Clementine Bostantzoglou, Vasiliki Dimakopoulou, Antonia Koutsoukou, Angelos Pefanis, Ioannis G. Baraboutis, Eleni Agelonidou and Nikolaos Tentolourisadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061416 - 27 May 2023
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Abstract
The link between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the severe outcomes of COVID-19 has raised concerns about the optimal management of patients with T2D. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of T2D patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and explore the [...] Read more.
The link between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the severe outcomes of COVID-19 has raised concerns about the optimal management of patients with T2D. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of T2D patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and explore the potential associations between chronic T2D treatments and adverse outcomes. This was a multicenter prospective cohort study of T2D patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Greece during the third wave of the pandemic (February–June 2021). Among the 354 T2D patients included in this study, 63 (18.6%) died during hospitalization, and 16.4% required ICU admission. The use of DPP4 inhibitors for the chronic management of T2D was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death (adjusted odds ratio (adj. OR) 2.639, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.148–6.068, p = 0.022), ICU admission (adj. OR = 2.524, 95% CI: 1.217–5.232, p = 0.013), and progression to ARDS (adj. OR = 2.507, 95% CI: 1.278–4.916, p = 0.007). Furthermore, the use of DPP4 inhibitors was significantly associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events (adjusted OR of 2.249, 95% CI: 1.073–4.713, p = 0.032) during hospitalization. These findings highlight the importance of considering the potential impact of chronic T2D treatment regiments on COVID-19 and the need for further studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses and Endocrine Diseases)
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Review

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17 pages, 923 KiB  
Review
Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies
by Musaab Ahmed, Dushyant Mital, Nuha Eljaili Abubaker, Maria Panourgia, Henry Owles, Ioanna Papadaki and Mohamed H. Ahmed
Microorganisms 2023, 11(3), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030789 - 19 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3752
Abstract
The developments in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and in the care of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) over the last three decades has led to a significant increase in life expectancy, on par with HIV-negative individuals. Aside [...] Read more.
The developments in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and in the care of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) over the last three decades has led to a significant increase in life expectancy, on par with HIV-negative individuals. Aside from the fact that bone fractures tend to occur 10 years earlier than in HIV-negative individuals, HIV is, per se, an independent risk factor for bone fractures. A few available antiretroviral therapies (ARVs) are also linked with osteoporosis, particularly those involving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection is associated with a greater risk of osteoporosis and fracture than HIV monoinfection. Both the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) via a DEXA scan are routinely used in the assessment of fracture risk in individuals living with HIV, as bone loss is thought to start between the ages of 40 and 50 years old. The main treatment for established osteoporosis involves bisphosphonates. Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D is part of clinical practice of most HIV centers globally. Further research is needed to assess (i) the cut-off age for assessment of osteoporosis, (ii) the utility of anti-osteoporotic agents in PLWHIV and (iii) how concomitant viral infections and COVID-19 in PLWHIV can increase risk of osteoporosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses and Endocrine Diseases)
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16 pages, 402 KiB  
Review
Viruses and Endocrine Diseases
by Magloire Pandoua Nekoua, Cyril Debuysschere, Inès Vergez, Corentin Morvan, Chaldam Jespere Mbani, Famara Sane, Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou and Didier Hober
Microorganisms 2023, 11(2), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020361 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2566
Abstract
Viral infections have been frequently associated with physiological and pathological changes in the endocrine system for many years. The numerous early and late endocrine complications reported during the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinforce the relevance of improving our understanding of [...] Read more.
Viral infections have been frequently associated with physiological and pathological changes in the endocrine system for many years. The numerous early and late endocrine complications reported during the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinforce the relevance of improving our understanding of the impact of viral infections on the endocrine system. Several viruses have been shown to infect endocrine cells and induce endocrine system disturbances through the direct damage of these cells or through indirect mechanisms, especially the activation of the host antiviral immune response, which may lead to the development of local or systemic inflammation or organ-specific autoimmunity. In addition, endocrine disorders may also affect susceptibility to viral infections since endocrine hormones have immunoregulatory functions. This review provides a brief overview of the impact of viral infections on the human endocrine system in order to provide new avenues for the control of endocrine diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses and Endocrine Diseases)
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