Highly Pathogenic Viruses—Pathogenesis and Countermeasures

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 3060

Special Issue Editors

Laboratory of Virology, DIR, NIAID, NIH, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
Interests: emerging viruses; filoviruses; VSV; pathogenesis; animal models; vaccines; therapeutics; host–pathogen interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Foreign Arthropod Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, NBAF, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
Interests: foreign arthropod-borne animal disease; virus-host interactions; virus-vector interactions; vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human infectious disease outbreaks caused by emerging viruses have increased in frequency over the last decade. Novel highly pathogenic viruses have been identified and known ones have caused outbreaks elsewhere, increasing the number of endemic areas. There are currently only a few licensed vaccines and therapeutics available to counter viruses in this category, necessitating more efforts to increase preparedness for known and unknown emerging infectious disease outbreaks. 

In this Special Issue, we wish to publish reviews and research articles documenting the current knowledge on highly pathogenic viruses. We encourage manuscripts addressing aspects of One Health regarding animal and human disease and pathogenesis, the public health impact and epidemiology, the ecology and potential reservoir species as well as the mode of transmission, animal model development, and the status of countermeasure development including vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics.

Dr. Andrea Marzi
Dr. Chad Mire
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emerging viruses
  • viral diseases
  • infectious diseases
  • animal models
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • vaccines
  • therapeutics
  • diagnostics

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 9503 KiB  
Article
A Novel lncRNA SAAL Suppresses IAV Replication by Promoting Innate Responses
by Qingzheng Liu, Hongjun Yang, Lingcai Zhao, Nan Huang and Jihui Ping
Microorganisms 2022, 10(12), 2336; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122336 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1037
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection has traditionally been a serious problem in animal husbandry and human public health security. Recently, many studies identified that long noncoding RNAs play an important role in the antiviral immune response after the infection of the influenza virus. [...] Read more.
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection has traditionally been a serious problem in animal husbandry and human public health security. Recently, many studies identified that long noncoding RNAs play an important role in the antiviral immune response after the infection of the influenza virus. However, there are still lots of IAV-related lncRNAs that have not been well-characterized. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we identified a lncRNA, named Serpina3i Activation Associated lncRNA (SAAL), which can be significantly upregulated in mice after IAV infection. In this study, we found that overexpression of SAAL inhibited the replication of A/WSN/33(WSN). SAAL upregulated Serpina3i with or without WSN infection. Overexpression of Serpina3i reduced influenza virus infection. Meanwhile, knockdown of Serpina3i enhanced the replication of WSN. Furthermore, knockdown of Serpina3i abolished the SAAL-mediated decrease in WSN infection. Overexpression of SAAL or Serpina3i positively regulated the transcription of interferon β (IFN-β) and several critical ISGs after WSN infection. In conclusion, we found that the novel lncRNA SAAL is a critical anti-influenza regulator by upregulating the mRNA level of Serpina3i. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Highly Pathogenic Viruses—Pathogenesis and Countermeasures)
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Review

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15 pages, 6541 KiB  
Review
A Guide to Molecular Characterization of Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus: Essential and Alternative Genome Markers
by Ali Mazloum, Antoinette van Schalkwyk, Roman Chernyshev, Alexey Igolkin, Livio Heath and Alexander Sprygin
Microorganisms 2023, 11(3), 642; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030642 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1705
Abstract
African swine fever is a contagious viral disease that has been spreading through Europe and Asia since its initial report from Georgia in 2007. Due to the large genome size of the causative agent, the African swine fever virus (ASFV), the molecular epidemiology, [...] Read more.
African swine fever is a contagious viral disease that has been spreading through Europe and Asia since its initial report from Georgia in 2007. Due to the large genome size of the causative agent, the African swine fever virus (ASFV), the molecular epidemiology, and virus evolution are analyzed by employing different markers. Most of these markers originate from single nucleotide polymorphisms or disparities in the copy number of tandem repeat sequences observed during the comparisons of full genome sequences produced from ASFVs isolated during different outbreaks. Therefore, consistent complete genome sequencing and comparative analysis of the sequence data are important to add innovative genomic markers that contribute to the delineation of ASFV phylogeny and molecular epidemiology during active circulation in the field. In this study, the molecular markers currently employed to assess the genotype II ASFVs circulating in Europe and Asia have been outlined. The application of each of these markers to differentiate between ASFVs from related outbreaks is described to implement a guideline to their suitability for analyzing new outbreaks. These markers do not signify the complete repertoire of genomic differences between ASFVs, but will be beneficial when analyzing the first outbreaks in a new region or a large number of samples. Furthermore, new markers must be determined via complete genome sequence analyses for enabling in-depth insights into the molecular epidemiology of ASFV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Highly Pathogenic Viruses—Pathogenesis and Countermeasures)
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