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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Tuberculosis Transmission and Interventions
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Tuberculosis Transmission and Interventions

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 6955

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hmwe H. Kyu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Interests: tuberculosis; HIV/AIDS; diarrheal disease; respiratory infections; meningitis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To achieve the End TB Strategy target of reducing the tuberculosis incidence by 90% by 2035, the rate of decline in tuberculosis incidence needs to be accelerated. To design a comprehensive plan to curb the tuberculosis burden, it is vital to have a deeper understanding of the factors that influence Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission and disease progression and the most effective interventions for preventing the majority of transmission and progression from tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted tuberculosis care services, and many countries observed a decrease in tuberculosis notifications in 2020. Other COVID-19 pandemic-specific factors, such as mask use, social distancing, and reduced mobility, might have an impact on the spread of tuberculosis, as these factors have been linked to a decrease in the transmission of other infectious diseases, such as influenza. To date, knowledge is limited regarding how tuberculosis transmission has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding mitigation measures.

This Special Issue aims to collect studies that contribute to the understanding of tuberculosis transmission in different contexts as well as interventions to halt the transmission. Manuscripts (original research, reviews, or perspective articles) on any of the following topics or related areas are welcome:

  • Determinants of tuberculosis transmission and disease progression
  • Evaluation of interventions to reduce tuberculosis transmission and disease progression
  • Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures such as mask use and social distancing on tuberculosis transmission, based on empirical data

Dr. Hmwe H. Kyu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tuberculosis
  • transmission
  • disease progression
  • intervention
  • the impact of COVID-19

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2685 KiB  
Article
Global-, Regional-, and National-Level Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Diagnoses, 2020–2021
by Jorge R. Ledesma, Ann Basting, Huong T. Chu, Jianing Ma, Meixin Zhang, Avina Vongpradith, Amanda Novotney, Jeremy Dalos, Peng Zheng, Christopher J. L. Murray and Hmwe H. Kyu
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2191; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092191 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1492
Abstract
Evaluating cross-country variability on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) may provide urgent inputs to control programs as countries recover from the pandemic. We compared expected TB notifications, modeled using trends in annual TB notifications from 2013–2019, with observed TB [...] Read more.
Evaluating cross-country variability on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) may provide urgent inputs to control programs as countries recover from the pandemic. We compared expected TB notifications, modeled using trends in annual TB notifications from 2013–2019, with observed TB notifications to compute the observed to expected (OE) ratios for 170 countries. We applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method to identify the covariates, out of 27 pandemic- and tuberculosis-relevant variables, that had the strongest explanatory power for log OE ratios. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 1.55 million (95% CI: 1.26–1.85, 21.0% [17.5–24.6%]) decrease in TB diagnoses in 2020 and a 1.28 million (0.90–1.76, 16.6% [12.1–21.2%]) decrease in 2021 at a global level. India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and China contributed the most to the global declines for both years, while sub-Saharan Africa achieved pre-pandemic levels by 2021 (OE ratio = 1.02 [0.99–1.05]). Age-stratified analyses revealed that the ≥ 65-year-old age group experienced greater relative declines in TB diagnoses compared with the under 65-year-old age group in 2020 (RR = 0.88 [0.81–0.96]) and 2021 (RR = 0.88 [0.79–0.98]) globally. Covariates found to be associated with all-age OE ratios in 2020 were age-standardized smoking prevalence in 2019 (β = 0.973 [0.957–990]), school closures (β = 0.988 [0.977–0.998]), stay-at-home orders (β = 0.993 [0.985–1.00]), SARS-CoV-2 infection rate (β = 0.991 [0.987–0.996]), and proportion of population ≥65 years (β = 0.971 [0.944–0.999]). Further research is needed to clarify the extent to which the observed declines in TB diagnoses were attributable to disruptions in health services, decreases in TB transmission, and COVID-19 mortality among TB patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Transmission and Interventions)
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Review

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18 pages, 1143 KiB  
Review
HIV/Mtb Co-Infection: From the Amplification of Disease Pathogenesis to an “Emerging Syndemic”
by José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira, David Pires, Marta Calado, Manoj Mandal, Quirina Santos-Costa and Elsa Anes
Microorganisms 2023, 11(4), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040853 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3298
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are pathogens responsible for millions of new infections each year; together, they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, late-stage HIV infection increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) by a factor of 20 [...] Read more.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are pathogens responsible for millions of new infections each year; together, they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, late-stage HIV infection increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) by a factor of 20 in latently infected people, and even patients with controlled HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a fourfold increased risk of developing TB. Conversely, Mtb infection exacerbates HIV pathogenesis and increases the rate of AIDS progression. In this review, we discuss this reciprocal amplification of HIV/Mtb coinfection and how they influence each other’s pathogenesis. Elucidating the infectious cofactors that impact on pathogenesis may open doors for the design of new potential therapeutic strategies to control disease progression, especially in contexts where vaccines or the sterile clearance of pathogens are not effectively available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Transmission and Interventions)
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