Respiratory Tract Infection in Children 2.0

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 4716

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Director of Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital Director of Specialization School in Pediatrics Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma Building 15, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
Interests: pediatrics; children; pediatric infectious diseases; vaccines; antinfective therapy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) remain among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among children. These infections substantially reduce the quality of life for pediatric patients and their families and constitute a significant personal, medical, and economic burden on the patients, the patients' families, and the healthcare system. Most RTIs are of viral origin; however, indiscriminate use of antibiotics in their treatment has led to the development of bacterial resistance. The effective management of RTIs, necessary both to reduce the burden of disease and to avoid the overuse of antibiotics, has become a great therapeutic challenge. New strategies for the management of paediatric rRTIs include the prioritization of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

The aim of this Special Issue of Microorganisms is to present a collection of articles that provide a current snapshot of research in the field of pediatric RTIs. We encourage authors to submit any high-quality manuscripts covering aspects of research relating to RTIs prevention, diagnosis, management, and treatment.

Prof. Dr. Susanna Esposito
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

17 pages, 614 KiB  
Review
Interferons—Implications in the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses
by Harrison C. Bergeron, Matthew R. Hansen and Ralph A. Tripp
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2179; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092179 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1668
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are an assemblage of signaling proteins made and released by various host cells in response to stimuli, including viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2 are major causes of respiratory disease that induce or antagonize IFN responses depending on [...] Read more.
Interferons (IFN) are an assemblage of signaling proteins made and released by various host cells in response to stimuli, including viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2 are major causes of respiratory disease that induce or antagonize IFN responses depending on various factors. In this review, the role and function of type I, II, and III IFN responses to respiratory virus infections are considered. In addition, the role of the viral proteins in modifying anti-viral immunity is noted, as are the specific IFN responses that underly the correlates of immunity and protection from disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Tract Infection in Children 2.0)
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11 pages, 281 KiB  
Review
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children with Asthma and Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Evidence and Review of the Literature
by Roberto Grandinetti, Elisabetta Palazzolo, Luisa Rizzo, Roberta Carbone, Giovanna Pisi, Valentina Fainardi and Susanna Esposito
Microorganisms 2023, 11(7), 1745; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071745 - 04 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1130
Abstract
The clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the COVID-19 vaccines’ safety, efficacy and effectiveness in pediatric patients with asthma, are crucial to adapting clinical management in this fragile population and for prevention strategies. The aim of this narrative review was to [...] Read more.
The clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the COVID-19 vaccines’ safety, efficacy and effectiveness in pediatric patients with asthma, are crucial to adapting clinical management in this fragile population and for prevention strategies. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with asthma and the impact of COVID-19 vaccination. Systematic research using the principal medical databases was conducted using specific search query strings from the early spreading of COVID-19 globally until March 2023; further relevant data were drawn from the main national and supranational institutions. No significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 incidence and morbidity were found in asthmatic pediatric patients compared to non-asthmatic ones; however, subjects with uncontrolled asthma were found to be at increased risk of developing a serious disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Regarding COVID-19 vaccines, accumulating data support their safety, efficacy and effectiveness on asthmatic children regardless of asthma severity. Further cohort-based studies are needed as the evidence of new epidemic waves caused by new viral variants makes the current knowledge outdated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Tract Infection in Children 2.0)
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