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Microorganisms
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Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticle
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Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticle

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 5551

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Massimiliano Galdiero

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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: peptides; anti-viral peptide; anti-bacterial peptide
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carla Zannella

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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: antiviral peptides; viral glycoproteins; dendrimer; natural extracts
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Annalisa Chianese

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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial peptide; virus-host interaction; zoonoses; animal viruses; respiratory viruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging and re-emerging pathogens together with drug-resistant microbes pose significant global health challenges. The continuous and complex interchange between environment, animal world, human habits and pathogens represent a growing problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. The scientific explorations of nanoparticles for their inherent therapeutic potencies as antimicrobial and antiviral agents also due to increasing incidences of antibiotic resistance have gained more attention in recent time. The popularity of nanotechnology results from the possibility of obtaining materials that have better chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, or optical properties. Nano-sized materials are characterized by an increased surface area to volume ratio, which improves their chemical reactivity. Several investigations have demonstrated the potential of nanoparticles in the treatment of various microbial infections. The therapeutic applications of nanoparticles as either delivery agents or broad spectrum inhibitory agents against viral and microbial infections are ready to be fully exploited.

The broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles is exerted through multifaceted mechanisms. The adhesion of nanoparticles to microbial cells, production of reactive oxygen species, and their penetration inside the cells, have been recognized as the most prominent modes of antimicrobial action. 

The present Special Issue focuses on the antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic potential of nanoparticles and the analysis of their mechanisms of action. The emerging efforts to address current challenges and solutions for the production of nanoparticles and the treatment of infectious diseases will also be considered. We invite authors to submit original or review articles covering all aspects of this topic.

Prof. Massimiliano Galdiero
Dr. Carla Zannella
Dr. Annalisa Chianese
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • nanomaterials
  • antiviral
  • antimicrobial
  • drug-delivery

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 12829 KiB  
Article
Ligand-Free Silver Nanoparticles: An Innovative Strategy against Viruses and Bacteria
by Maria Vittoria Morone, Annalisa Chianese, Federica Dell’Annunziata, Veronica Folliero, Erwin Pavel Lamparelli, Giovanna Della Porta, Carla Zannella, Anna De Filippis, Gianluigi Franci, Massimiliano Galdiero and Antonio Morone
Microorganisms 2024, 12(4), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040820 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 330
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the rise of emerging and re-emerging viruses in recent years constitute significant public health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new antimicrobial strategies to overcome these challenges. Herein, we describe an innovative method to synthesize ligand-free [...] Read more.
The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the rise of emerging and re-emerging viruses in recent years constitute significant public health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new antimicrobial strategies to overcome these challenges. Herein, we describe an innovative method to synthesize ligand-free silver nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL-AgNPs). Thus produced, nanoparticles were characterized by total X-ray fluorescence, zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the nanoparticles’ cytotoxicity. Their potential was evaluated against the enveloped herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and the naked poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) by plaque reduction assays and confirmed by real-time PCR and fluorescence microscopy, showing that nanoparticles interfered with the early stage of infection. Their action was also examined against different bacteria. We observed that the PLAL-AgNPs exerted a strong effect against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). In detail, the PLAL-AgNPs exhibited a bacteriostatic action against S. aureus and a bactericidal activity against E. coli. Finally, we proved that the PLAL-AgNPs were able to inhibit/degrade the biofilm of S. aureus and E. coli. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticle)
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16 pages, 3451 KiB  
Article
High-Throughput Screening Method Using Escherichia coli Keio Mutants for Assessing Primary Damage Mechanism of Antimicrobials
by José A. Martínez-Álvarez, Marcos Vicente-Gómez, Rodolfo García-Contreras, Thomas K. Wood, Fátima Berenice Ramírez Montiel, Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya, Beatriz Liliana España-Sánchez, Ángeles Rangel-Serrano, Felipe Padilla-Vaca and Bernardo Franco
Microorganisms 2024, 12(4), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040793 - 14 Apr 2024
Viewed by 368
Abstract
The Escherichia coli Keio mutant collection has been a tool for assessing the role of specific genes and determining their role in E. coli physiology and uncovering novel functions. In this work, specific mutants in the DNA repair pathways and oxidative stress response were [...] Read more.
The Escherichia coli Keio mutant collection has been a tool for assessing the role of specific genes and determining their role in E. coli physiology and uncovering novel functions. In this work, specific mutants in the DNA repair pathways and oxidative stress response were evaluated to identify the primary targets of silver nanoparticles (NPs) and their mechanism of action. The results presented in this work suggest that NPs mainly target DNA via double-strand breaks and base modifications since the recA, uvrC, mutL, and nfo mutants rendered the most susceptible phenotype, rather than involving the oxidative stress response. Concomitantly, during the establishment of the control conditions for each mutant, the katG and sodA mutants showed a hypersensitive phenotype to mitomycin C, an alkylating agent. Thus, we propose that KatG catalase plays a key role as a cellular chaperone, as reported previously for the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, a large subunit catalase. The Keio collection mutants may also be a key tool for assessing the resistance mechanism to metallic NPs by using their potential to identify novel pathways involved in the resistance to NPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticle)
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15 pages, 6308 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Effect of Copper Nanoparticles on Relevant Supragingival Oral Bacteria
by Nia Oetiker, Daniela Salinas, Joaquín Lucero-Mora, Rocío Orellana, Mariana Quiroz-Muñoz, Denisse Bravo and José M. Pérez-Donoso
Microorganisms 2024, 12(3), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030624 - 20 Mar 2024
Viewed by 977
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) show promise in dentistry for combating bacterial dysbiosis and tooth decay. Understanding their effects on commensal versus pathogenic bacteria is vital for maintaining oral health balance. While Cu NPs demonstrate antibacterial properties against various oral bacteria, including common pathogens [...] Read more.
Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) show promise in dentistry for combating bacterial dysbiosis and tooth decay. Understanding their effects on commensal versus pathogenic bacteria is vital for maintaining oral health balance. While Cu NPs demonstrate antibacterial properties against various oral bacteria, including common pathogens associated with tooth decay, their impact on commensal bacteria requires careful examination. In our work, we analyzed three types of Cu NPs for their effects on the growth, viability, and biofilm formation of representative caries-associated and commensal oral bacteria. S. sanguinis showed high tolerance to all Cu NPs, while L. rhamnosus was highly sensitive. Oxide-Cu NPs exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on pathobionts compared with commensal bacteria. Moreover, the biofilm formation of the key cariogenic bacteria S. mutans was reduced, with minimal negative effects on commensal species’ biofilm formation. All our results showed that CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) exhibit reduced toxicity toward commensal bacteria growth and development but have a strong impact on pathogens. This suggests their potential for targeted treatments against pathogenic bacteria, which could help in maintaining the balance of the oral bacterial community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticle)
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11 pages, 2206 KiB  
Communication
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aggregatimonas sangjinii F202Z8T and Their Biological Characterization
by Yong Min Kwon, Eun-Seo Cho, Kyung Woo Kim, Dawoon Chung, Seung Seob Bae, Woon-Jong Yu, Jaoon Young Hwan Kim and Grace Choi
Microorganisms 2023, 11(12), 2975; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11122975 - 13 Dec 2023
Viewed by 844
Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe the general features and eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the marine bacterium Aggregatimonas sangjinii F202Z8T. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has reported the biosynthesis of AgNPs using [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to describe the general features and eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the marine bacterium Aggregatimonas sangjinii F202Z8T. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has reported the biosynthesis of AgNPs using this strain. The formation of AgNPs using F202Z8T was synthesized intracellularly without the addition of any disturbing factors, such as antibiotics, nutrient stress, or electron donors. The AgNPs were examined using UV–vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The UV–vis spectrum showed a peak for the synthesized AgNPs at 465 nm. The AgNPs were spherical, with sizes ranging from 27 to 82 nm, as denoted by TEM and NTA. FTIR showed various biomolecules including proteins and enzymes that may be involved in the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. Notably, the AgNPs demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial effects against various pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the F202Z8T-formed AgNPs were 80 and 100 µg/mL, 40 and 50 µg/mL, and 30 and 40 µg/mL against E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus, respectively. This study suggests that A. sangjinii F202Z8T is a candidate for the efficient synthesis of AgNPs and may be suitable for the formulation of new types of bactericidal substances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticle)
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19 pages, 28327 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles: A Novel Approach for Antimicrobial Properties and Biomedical Performance, Featuring Nodularia haraviana from the Cholistan Desert
by Lubna Anjum Minhas, Muhammad Kaleem, Amber Jabeen, Nabi Ullah, Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooqi, Asif Kamal, Farooq Inam, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Mikhlid H. Almutairi and Abdul Samad Mumtaz
Microorganisms 2023, 11(10), 2544; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102544 - 12 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1155
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as a prominent area of research in recent times, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via phyco-technology have gained significant attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. Nodularia haraviana, a unique and lesser-explored cyanobacterial strain, holds substantial promise as a [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles have emerged as a prominent area of research in recent times, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via phyco-technology have gained significant attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. Nodularia haraviana, a unique and lesser-explored cyanobacterial strain, holds substantial promise as a novel candidate for synthesizing nanoparticles. This noticeable research gap underscores the novelty and untapped potential of Nodularia haraviana in applied nanotechnology. A range of analytical techniques, including UV-vis spectral analysis, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction, were used to investigate and characterize the AgNPs. Successful synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed through UV-visible spectroscopy, which showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 428 nm. The crystalline size of AgNPs was 24.1 nm. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that silver oxide nanoparticles had 179.3 nm diameters and a negative surface charge of −18 mV. Comprehensive in vitro pharmacogenetic properties revealed that AgNPs have significant therapeutic potential. The antimicrobial properties of AgNPs were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration against various microbial strains. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity assays were performed on Leishmanial promastigotes (IC50: 18.71 μgmL−1), amastigotes (IC50: 38.6 μgmL−1), and brine shrimps (IC50: 134.1 μg mL−1) using various concentrations of AgNPs. The findings of this study revealed that AgNPs had significant antioxidant results (DPPH: 57.5%, TRP: 55.4%, TAC: 61%) and enzyme inhibition potential against protein kinase (ZOI: 17.11 mm) and alpha-amylase (25.3%). Furthermore, biocompatibility tests were performed against macrophages (IC50: >395 μg mL−1) and human RBCs (IC50: 2124 μg mL−1). This study showed that phyco-synthesized AgNPs were less toxic and could be used in multiple biological applications, including drug design and in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. This study offers valuable insights and paves the way for further advancements in AgNPs research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticle)
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22 pages, 7983 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Anticandidal Effectiveness of Greenly Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Antifungal Agents against Nosocomial Candidal Pathogens
by Mohamed Taha Yassin, Fatimah O. Al-Otibi, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar and Marwa M. Elmaghrabi
Microorganisms 2023, 11(8), 1957; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081957 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1301
Abstract
The high prevalence of fungal resistance to antifungal drugs necessitates finding new antifungal combinations to boost the antifungal bioactivity of these agents. Hence, the aim of the present investigation was to greenly synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using an aqueous leaf extract of [...] Read more.
The high prevalence of fungal resistance to antifungal drugs necessitates finding new antifungal combinations to boost the antifungal bioactivity of these agents. Hence, the aim of the present investigation was to greenly synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using an aqueous leaf extract of Salvia officinalis and investigate their antifungal activity and synergistic efficiency with common antifungal agents. The biofabricated ZnO-NPs were characterized to detect their physicochemical properties. A disk diffusion assay was employed to investigate the antifungal effectiveness of the greenly synthesized ZnO-NPs and evaluate their synergistic patterns with common antifungal agents. The Candida tropicalis strain was detected to be the most susceptible strain to ZnO-NPs at both tested concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/disk, demonstrating relative suppressive zones of 19.68 ± 0.32 and 23.17 ± 0.45 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO-NPs against the C. tropicalis strain was 40 µg/mL, whereas the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was found to be 80 µg/mL. The highest synergistic efficiency of the biogenic ZnO-NPs with terbinafine antifungal agent was detected against the C. glabrata strain, whereas the highest synergistic efficiency was detected with fluconazole against the C. albicans strain, demonstrating relative increases in fold of inhibition area (IFA) values of 6.82 and 1.63, respectively. Moreover, potential synergistic efficiency was detected with the nystatin antifungal agent against the C. tropicalis strain with a relative IFA value of 1.06. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis affirmed the morphological deformations of candidal cells treated with the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs as the formation of abnormal infoldings of the cell wall and membranes and also the formation of pores in the cell wall and membranes, which might lead to the leakage of intracellular constituents. In conclusion, the potential synergistic efficiency of the biogenic ZnO-NPs with terbinafine, nystatin, and fluconazole against the tested candidal strains highlights the potential application of these combinations in formulating novel antifungal agents of high antimicrobial efficiency. The biogenic ZnO nanoparticles and antifungal drugs exhibit powerful synergistic efficiency, which highlights their prospective use in the formulation of efficient antimicrobial medications, including mouthwash, ointments, lotions, and creams for effective candidiasis treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticle)
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