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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Latest Review Papers on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2023
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Latest Review Papers on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2023

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2023) | Viewed by 9528

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Maurizio Ciani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: yeast fermentation processes; wine and beer fermentation; yeast physiology; bioprocess; biomass recycling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to collect high-quality review papers in all fields of Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance. We encourage researchers to contribute review papers (preferably full-length, comprehensive reviews) highlighting the latest developments in the field of Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance, or to invite relevant experts and colleagues to do so.

Prof. Dr. Maurizio Ciani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial agents
  • antibacterial agents
  • antifungal agents
  • antiparasitic agents
  • resistance properties of microorganisms

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

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19 pages, 1499 KiB  
Review
Biofilms as Battlefield Armor for Bacteria against Antibiotics: Challenges and Combating Strategies
by Sara Bano, Noor Hassan, Muhammad Rafiq, Farwa Hassan, Maliha Rehman, Naveed Iqbal, Hazrat Ali, Fariha Hasan and Ying-Qian Kang
Microorganisms 2023, 11(10), 2595; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102595 - 20 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1915
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are formed by communities, which are encased in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Notably, bacteria in biofilms display a set of ‘emergent properties’ that vary considerably from free-living bacterial cells. Biofilms help bacteria to survive under multiple stressful conditions [...] Read more.
Bacterial biofilms are formed by communities, which are encased in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Notably, bacteria in biofilms display a set of ‘emergent properties’ that vary considerably from free-living bacterial cells. Biofilms help bacteria to survive under multiple stressful conditions such as providing immunity against antibiotics. Apart from the provision of multi-layered defense for enabling poor antibiotic absorption and adaptive persistor cells, biofilms utilize their extracellular components, e.g., extracellular DNA (eDNA), chemical-like catalase, various genes and their regulators to combat antibiotics. The response of biofilms depends on the type of antibiotic that comes into contact with biofilms. For example, excessive production of eDNA exerts resistance against cell wall and DNA targeting antibiotics and the release of antagonist chemicals neutralizes cell membrane inhibitors, whereas the induction of protein and folic acid antibiotics inside cells is lowered by mutating genes and their regulators. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of biofilm-based resistance to various antibiotic classes in bacteria and genes responsible for biofilm development, and the key role of quorum sensing in developing biofilms and antibiotic resistance is also discussed. In this review, we also highlight new and modified techniques such as CRISPR/Cas, nanotechnology and bacteriophage therapy. These technologies might be useful to eliminate pathogens residing in biofilms by combating biofilm-induced antibiotic resistance and making this world free of antibiotic resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2023)
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23 pages, 1191 KiB  
Review
Biocontrol and Probiotic Function of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts: New Insights in Agri-Food Industry
by Francesca Comitini, Laura Canonico, Alice Agarbati and Maurizio Ciani
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1450; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061450 - 30 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1830
Abstract
Fermented food matrices, including beverages, can be defined as the result of the activity of complex microbial ecosystems where different microorganisms interact according to different biotic and abiotic factors. Certainly, in industrial production, the technological processes aim to control the fermentation to place [...] Read more.
Fermented food matrices, including beverages, can be defined as the result of the activity of complex microbial ecosystems where different microorganisms interact according to different biotic and abiotic factors. Certainly, in industrial production, the technological processes aim to control the fermentation to place safe foods on the market. Therefore, if food safety is the essential prerogative, consumers are increasingly oriented towards a healthy and conscious diet driving the production and consequently the applied research towards natural processes. In this regard, the aim to guarantee the safety, quality and diversity of products should be reached limiting or avoiding the addition of antimicrobials or synthetic additives using the biological approach. In this paper, the recent re-evaluation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (NSYs) has been reviewed in terms of bio-protectant and biocontrol activity with a particular focus on their antimicrobial power using different application modalities including biopackaging, probiotic features and promoting functional aspects. In this review, the authors underline the contribution of NSYs in the food production chain and their role in the technological and fermentative features for their practical and useful use as a biocontrol agent in food preparations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2023)
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17 pages, 1698 KiB  
Review
Current and Future Flow Cytometry Applications Contributing to Antimicrobial Resistance Control
by Luminita Gabriela Marutescu
Microorganisms 2023, 11(5), 1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051300 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2444
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health and welfare, food safety, and environmental health. The rapid detection and quantification of antimicrobial resistance are important for both infectious disease control and public health threat assessment. Technologies such as flow cytometry can provide [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health and welfare, food safety, and environmental health. The rapid detection and quantification of antimicrobial resistance are important for both infectious disease control and public health threat assessment. Technologies such as flow cytometry can provide clinicians with the early information, they need for appropriate antibiotic treatment. At the same time, cytometry platforms facilitate the measurement of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in environments impacted by human activities, enabling assessment of their impact on watersheds and soils. This review focuses on the latest applications of flow cytometry for the detection of pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in both clinical and environmental samples. Novel antimicrobial susceptibility testing frameworks embedding flow cytometry assays can contribute to the implementation of global antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems that are needed for science-based decisions and actions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2023)
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Other

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16 pages, 1251 KiB  
Systematic Review
Pneumococcal Serotype Evolution and Burden in European Adults in the Last Decade: A Systematic Review
by Rita Teixeira, Vasiliki Kossyvaki, Paulina Galvez and Cristina Méndez
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1376; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061376 - 24 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1972
Abstract
Pneumococcal disease is a major cause of morbidity/mortality worldwide, and vaccination is an important measure in its prevention. Despite European children being vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), pneumococcal infections are still a major cause of morbidity/mortality in adults with risk conditions and [...] Read more.
Pneumococcal disease is a major cause of morbidity/mortality worldwide, and vaccination is an important measure in its prevention. Despite European children being vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), pneumococcal infections are still a major cause of morbidity/mortality in adults with risk conditions and their vaccination might be an important prevention strategy. New PCVs have been approved, but information is lacking on their potential impact in European adults. In our review, we searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase for studies on the additional PCV20 serotypes (concerning incidence, prevalence, disease severity, lethality, and antimicrobial resistance) in European adults, between January 2010 and April 2022, having included 118 articles and data from 33 countries. We found that these serotypes have become more prevalent in both invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD and NIPD), representing a significant proportion of cases (serotypes 8, 12F, 22F) and more serious disease and/or lethality (10A, 11A, 15B, 22F), showing antimicrobial resistance (11A, 15B, 33F), and/or affecting more vulnerable individuals such as the elderly, immunocompromised patients, and those with comorbidities (8, 10A, 11A, 15B, 22F). The relevance of pneumococcal adult carriers (11A, 15B, 22F, and 8) was also identified. Altogether, our data showed an increase in the additional PCV20 serotypes’ prevalence, accounting for a proportion of approximately 60% of all pneumococcal isolates in IPD in European adults since 2018/2019. Data suggest that adults, as older and/or more vulnerable patients, would benefit from vaccination with higher-coverage PCVs, and that PCV20 may address an unmet medical need. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2023)
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