Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance in Veterinary Medicine

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 5219

Special Issue Editors

School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Interests: bacterial pathogens; antimicrobial resistance; zoonotic diseases; epidemiology; bioinformatics
School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Interests: infectious diseases; antimicrobial resistance; zoonotic pathogens; molecular biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacterial infections are a prominent issue in veterinary medicine, whether in livestock, pets, aquiculture or wildlife. In the genomic era, researchers are continuously improving diagnostic approaches and enhancing epidemiologic knowledge of bacterial pathogens, especially emerging ones. Furthermore, zoonotic pathogens remain a problem, and have somehow adapted to newer relationships between humans and animals, as well as the evolution of animal production systems. Associated with the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, the treatment and prevention of diseases have also led to challenges for some pathogens and hosts.

For this Special Issue of Microorganisms, we welcome contributions that provide recent insights into animal bacterial diseases in the context of One Health, as well as antimicrobial use and associated antimicrobial resistance. We welcome original research, short communications, and reviews regarding all aspects of diagnosis, epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and disease impact, as well as recent treatment and prevention approaches.

Dr. Luisa Zanolli Moreno
Dr. Andrea Micke Moreno
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1194 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Sows Presenting Purulent Vulvar Discharge
by André P. Poor, Luisa Z. Moreno, Matheus S. Monteiro, Carlos E. C. Matajira, Maurício C. Dutra, Diego F. Leal, Ana Paula S. Silva, Vasco T. M. Gomes, Ivan O. de Souza, Kawany M. Araújo, Maria Inês Z. Sato and Andrea M. Moreno
Microorganisms 2024, 12(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010123 - 08 Jan 2024
Viewed by 769
Abstract
Purulent vulvar discharge is a clinical sign of genitourinary tract infections, which are a significant concern in swine facilities, leading to sow culling and mortality. Escherichia coli is one of the main agents involved in these diseases. This study aimed to characterize the [...] Read more.
Purulent vulvar discharge is a clinical sign of genitourinary tract infections, which are a significant concern in swine facilities, leading to sow culling and mortality. Escherichia coli is one of the main agents involved in these diseases. This study aimed to characterize the virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles as well as the phylotype of Escherichia coli strains isolated from sows with purulent vulvar discharge. The results showed that at least 2 of the 29 tested virulence genes related to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli were present in all strains tested. The most frequent gene was iutA, present in all strains, followed by the genes iucD, csgA, iss2, and irp2. Associations between iron uptake genes, genes related to adhesion, attachment, and serum resistance, as well as genes related to toxin release and bacteriocin, were frequent. The most prevalent phylotype was B1 (40.0%), followed by A (18.5%), D (11.9%), C (9.6%), B2 (7.4%), E (4.4%), F (1.5%), and Clade I (0.7%), with B2 being related to highly virulent traits. The strains presented elevated resistance to antimicrobials such as ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, cephalexin, florfenicol, and ampicillin. More than 90% of the strains were identified as multidrug-resistant, indicating the selection that is induced by the high use of antimicrobials in swine farming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance in Veterinary Medicine)
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15 pages, 306 KiB  
Article
Bacteremia in Severe Mastitis of Dairy Cows
by Isabel Krebs, Yanchao Zhang, Nicole Wente, Stefanie Leimbach and Volker Krömker
Microorganisms 2023, 11(7), 1639; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071639 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1155
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the occurrence of bacteremia in severe mastitis cases of dairy cows. Milk and corresponding blood samples of 77 cases of severe mastitis were bacteriologically examined. All samples (milk and blood) were incubated aerobically and [...] Read more.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the occurrence of bacteremia in severe mastitis cases of dairy cows. Milk and corresponding blood samples of 77 cases of severe mastitis were bacteriologically examined. All samples (milk and blood) were incubated aerobically and anaerobically to also investigate the role of obligate anaerobic microorganisms in addition to aerobic microorganisms in severe mastitis. Bacteremia occurred if identical bacterial strains were isolated from milk and blood samples of the same case. In addition, pathogen shedding was examined, and the data of animals and weather were collected to determine associated factors for the occurrence of bacteremia in severe mastitis. If Gram-negative bacteria were detected in milk samples, a Limulus test (detection of endotoxins) was also performed for corresponding blood samples without the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. In 74 cases (96.1%), microbial growth was detected in aerobically incubated milk samples. The most-frequently isolated bacteria in milk samples were Escherichia (E.) coli (48.9%), Streptococcus (S.) spp. (18.1%), and Klebsiella (K.) spp. (16%). Obligatory anaerobic microorganisms were not isolated. In 72 cases (93.5%) of the aerobically examined blood samples, microbial growth was detected. The most-frequently isolated pathogens in blood samples were non-aureus Staphylococci (NaS) (40.6%) and Bacillus spp. (12.3%). The Limulus test was positive for 60.5% of cases, which means a detection of endotoxins in most blood samples without the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteremia was confirmed in 12 cases (15.5%) for K. pneumoniae (5/12), E. coli (4/12), S. dysgalactiae (2/12), and S. uberis (1/12). The mortality rate (deceased or culled) was 66.6% for cases with bacteremia and 34.1% for cases without bacteremia. High pathogen shedding and high humidity were associated with the occurrence of bacteremia in severe mastitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance in Veterinary Medicine)
14 pages, 1298 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Cecal Samples of Swine at Slaughter in the United States, 2013–2019
by Hamid Reza Sodagari and Csaba Varga
Microorganisms 2023, 11(4), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11041033 - 15 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2280
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria of swine is a public health threat. This study evaluated publicly available AMR surveillance data collected by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) by assessing AMR patterns and temporal trends [...] Read more.
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria of swine is a public health threat. This study evaluated publicly available AMR surveillance data collected by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) by assessing AMR patterns and temporal trends in commensal E. coli isolated from cecal samples of swine at slaughter across the United States. We applied the Mann-Kendall test (MKT) and a linear regression trend line to detect significant trends in the proportion of resistant isolates to individual antimicrobials over the study period. A Poisson regression model assessed differences among years in the number of antimicrobials to which an E. coli isolate was resistant. Among the 3237 E. coli isolates, a very high prevalence of resistance for tetracycline (67.62%), and high resistance for streptomycin (24.13%), and ampicillin (21.10%) were identified. The MKT and the linear trend line showed a significantly increasing temporal trend for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Compared to 2013 the number of antimicrobials to which an E. coli isolate was resistant was significantly higher in the years 2017, 2018, and 2019. The increasing temporal trend of resistance to important antimicrobials for human medicine (e.g., third-generation cephalosporins) and the increase in multidrug resistance in the later years of the study are concerning and should be followed up by studies to identify sources and risk factors for the selection of AMR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance in Veterinary Medicine)
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