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Micromachines
Special Issues
Advances in Nanofluidics, Volume II
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Advances in Nanofluidics, Volume II

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 6650

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yutaka Kazoe

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
Interests: nanofluidics; microfluidics; fluid mechanics; flow measurements; biomimetics; single-cell analysis; mass spectrometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yan Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
Interests: nanofluidics; single-molecule manipulation; single-molecule regulated chemistry; nano-optofluidics; single-cell omics; nanobio interfaces; nanomedicine　
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanofluidics has developed to open a new frontier of fluid science and engineering at the 1–1000 nm scale with contributions to the fields of chemistry, biology, materials sciences, bioengineering, medicine, drug discovery, energy, and environmental engineering. Device platforms such as nanochannels, nanopillars, nanopores, and nanotubes have been realized through recent progress in top–down and bottom–up nanofabrication technologies. Single-phase or multiphase fluids in these nanospaces, which are often smaller than light wavelengths, are controlled by capillary flows, pressure-driven flows, and electrokinetic flows. To measure nanoparticles, molecules, and ions contained in such an ultrasmall amount of fluid, advanced detection methods have been developed. Based on these fundamental technologies, various operations at volumes smaller than picoliter have been achieved, and currently novel applications are expected, such as single-molecule analysis, single-cell omics, high-efficient ion conductor/separator, high-efficient heat exchanger, and nanomaterial synthesis. Simultaneously, nanofluidics have provided research tools and knowledge for the elucidation of phenomena of nanoscale confined fluids, which are important in various fields; e.g., physical chemistry, separation science, biophysics, and membrane engineering. The use of nanofluidic platforms has allowed basic experimental research under well-regulated conditions, to elucidate unique fluid properties and specific transport phenomena resulting from dominant surface effects owing to significantly increased surface-to-volume ratios. According to state-of-the-art research, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on all aspects of nanofluidics, including fundamental technologies, sciences, and applications

Dr. Yutaka Kazoe
Dr. Yan Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nanofluidics
  • Nanochannel
  • Nanopillar
  • Nanopore
  • Nanotube
  • Single molecule
  • Nanomedicine
  • Lab-on-a-Chip

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2244 KiB  
Article
Surface Patterning of Closed Nanochannel Using VUV Light and Surface Evaluation by Streaming Current
by Kyojiro Morikawa, Haruki Kazumi, Yoshiyuki Tsuyama, Ryoichi Ohta and Takehiko Kitamori
Micromachines 2021, 12(11), 1367; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111367 - 06 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1709
Abstract
In nanofluidics, surface control is a critical technology because nanospaces are surface-governed spaces as a consequence of their extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. Various surface patterning methods have been developed, including patterning on an open substrate and patterning using a liquid modifier in microchannels. [...] Read more.
In nanofluidics, surface control is a critical technology because nanospaces are surface-governed spaces as a consequence of their extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. Various surface patterning methods have been developed, including patterning on an open substrate and patterning using a liquid modifier in microchannels. However, the surface patterning of a closed nanochannel is difficult. In addition, the surface evaluation of closed nanochannels is difficult because of a lack of appropriate experimental tools. In this study, we verified the surface patterning of a closed nanochannel by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light and evaluated the surface using streaming-current measurements. First, the C18 modification of closed nanochannels was confirmed by Laplace pressure measurements. In addition, no streaming-current signal was detected for the C18-modified surface, confirming the successful modification of the nanochannel surface with C18 groups. The C18 groups were subsequently decomposed by VUV light, and the nanochannel surface became hydrophilic because of the presence of silanol groups. In streaming-current measurements, the current signals increased in amplitude with increasing VUV light irradiation time, indicating the decomposition of the C18 groups on the closed nanochannel surfaces. Finally, hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterning by VUV light was performed in a nanochannel. Capillary filling experiments confirmed the presence of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface. Therefore, VUV patterning in a closed nanochannel was demonstrated, and the surface of a closed nanochannel was successfully evaluated using streaming-current measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanofluidics, Volume II)
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13 pages, 2890 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Ultranarrow Nanochannels with Ultrasmall Nanocomponents in Glass Substrates
by Hiroki Kamai and Yan Xu
Micromachines 2021, 12(7), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12070775 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3399
Abstract
Nanofluidics is supposed to take advantage of a variety of new physical phenomena and unusual effects at nanoscales typically below 100 nm. However, the current chip-based nanofluidic applications are mostly based on the use of nanochannels with linewidths above 100 nm, due to [...] Read more.
Nanofluidics is supposed to take advantage of a variety of new physical phenomena and unusual effects at nanoscales typically below 100 nm. However, the current chip-based nanofluidic applications are mostly based on the use of nanochannels with linewidths above 100 nm, due to the restricted ability of the efficient fabrication of nanochannels with narrow linewidths in glass substrates. In this study, we established the fabrication of nanofluidic structures in glass substrates with narrow linewidths of several tens of nanometers by optimizing a nanofabrication process composed of electron-beam lithography and plasma dry etching. Using the optimized process, we achieved the efficient fabrication of fine glass nanochannels with sub-40 nm linewidths, uniform lateral features, and smooth morphologies, in an accurate and precise way. Furthermore, the use of the process allowed the integration of similar or dissimilar material-based ultrasmall nanocomponents in the ultranarrow nanochannels, including arrays of pockets with volumes as less as 42 zeptoliters (zL, 10−21 L) and well-defined gold nanogaps as narrow as 19 nm. We believe that the established nanofabrication process will be very useful for expanding fundamental research and in further improving the applications of nanofluidic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanofluidics, Volume II)
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