Advanced Biomanufacturing for Biomedical Engineering Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E:Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 11587

Special Issue Editors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
Interests: advanced manufacturing; biomaterials; biomechanics; regenerative medicine; disease modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St., VC12-212, New York, NY 10032, USA
Interests: advanced biomanufacturing; biomaterials; cell/stem cell; regenerative medicine; peripheral nerve regeneration; bone graft development; exosome isolation and engineering; nanoparticle and nanodroplet synthesis; drug delivery; micro-/nanocoating development; musculoskeletal tissue regeneration; ultrasound-mediated tissue healing
School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
Interests: 3D/4D printing; biofabrication; tissue regeneration; biomaterials; organoid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced biomanufacturing, in concert with biomaterials and cell/stem cell technology, has shown great promise for engineering highly tunable tissue analogues for addressing significant challenges in biomedical engineering. This Special Issue aims to collect high-quality original and review articles on developing/creating cutting-edge engineering technologies, artificial constructs and devices for broad applications in biomedical engineering and exploring the most important questions in the field. The topics include, but are not limited to, advanced biomanufacturing, 3D printing and bioprinting, biomaterials and bioinks, biomanufactured constructs/devices for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug screening, as well as advanced imaging methods/technologies to non-invasively track biomanufactured structures in living animal models and/or human patients.

Dr. Liqun Ning
Dr. Md Sarker
Dr. Chong Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced biomanufacturing
  • biomaterials
  • cell/stem cell
  • regenerative medicine
  • disease modeling
  • drug screening
  • advanced imaging

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2544 KiB  
Article
Generation of Photopolymerized Microparticles Based on PEGDA Hydrogel Using T-Junction Microfluidic Devices: Effect of the Flow Rates
by Gabriela Hinojosa-Ventura, Mario Alberto García-Ramírez, José Manuel Acosta-Cuevas and Orfil González-Reynoso
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1279; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071279 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1481
Abstract
The formation of microparticles (MPs) of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) utilizing microfluidic devices is an attractive option for entrapment and encapsulation of active principles and microorganisms. Our research group has presented in previous studies a [...] Read more.
The formation of microparticles (MPs) of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) utilizing microfluidic devices is an attractive option for entrapment and encapsulation of active principles and microorganisms. Our research group has presented in previous studies a formulation to produce these hydrogels with adequate physical and mechanical characteristics for their use in the formation of MPs. In this work, hydrogel MPs are formed based on PEGDA using a microfluidic device with a T-junction design, and the MPs become hydrogel through a system of photopolymerization. The diameters of the MPs are evaluated as a function of the hydrodynamic condition flow rates of the continuous (Qc) and disperse (Qd) phases, measured by optical microscopy, and characterized through scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the following behavior is found: the diameter is inversely proportional to the increase in flow in the continuous phase (Qc), and it has a significant statistical effect that is greater than that in the flow of the disperse phase (Qd). While the diameter of the MPs is proportional to Qd, it does not have a significant statistical effect on the intervals of flow studied. Additionally, the MPs’ polydispersity index (PDI) was measured for each experimental hydrodynamic condition, and all values were smaller than 0.05, indicating high homogeneity in the MPs. The microparticles have the potential to entrap pharmaceuticals and microorganisms, with possible pharmacological and bioremediation applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomanufacturing for Biomedical Engineering Applications)
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14 pages, 2318 KiB  
Article
A Lab-on-a-Tube Biosensor Combining Recombinase-Aided Amplification and CRISPR-Cas12a with Rotated Magnetic Extraction for Salmonella Detection
by Shangyi Wu, Jing Yuan, Ai Xu, Lei Wang, Yanbin Li, Jianhan Lin, Xiqing Yue and Xinge Xi
Micromachines 2023, 14(4), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040830 - 09 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1891
Abstract
Background: Foodborne pathogenic bacteria threaten worldwide public health, and simple bacterial detection methods are in urgent need. Here, we established a lab-on-a-tube biosensor for simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of foodborne bacteria. Methods: A rotatable Halbach cylinder magnet and an iron wire [...] Read more.
Background: Foodborne pathogenic bacteria threaten worldwide public health, and simple bacterial detection methods are in urgent need. Here, we established a lab-on-a-tube biosensor for simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of foodborne bacteria. Methods: A rotatable Halbach cylinder magnet and an iron wire netting with magnetic silica beads (MSBs) were used for simple and effective extraction and purification of DNA from the target bacteria, and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) was combined with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins12a(CRISPR-Cas12a) to amplify DNA and generate fluorescent signal. First, 15 mL of the bacterial sample was centrifuged, and the bacterial pellet was lysed by protease to release target DNA. Then, DNA-MSB complexes were formed as the tube was intermittently rotated and distributed uniformly onto the iron wire netting inside the Halbach cylinder magnet. Finally, the purified DNA was amplified using RAA and quantitatively detected by the CRISPR-Cas12a assay. Results: This biosensor could quantitatively detect Salmonella in spiked milk samples in 75 min, with a lower detection limit of 6 CFU/mL. The fluorescent signal of 102 CFU/mL Salmonella Typhimurium was over 2000 RFU, while 104 CFU/mL Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and E. coli O157:H7 were selected as non-target bacteria and had signals less than 500 RFU (same as the negative control). Conclusions: This lab-on-a-tube biosensor integrates cell lysis, DNA extraction, and RAA amplification in one 15 mL tube to simplify the operation and avoid contamination, making it suitable for low-concentration Salmonella detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomanufacturing for Biomedical Engineering Applications)
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17 pages, 4706 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Blood Viscoelasticity under Microcapillary Blood Flow
by Yang Jun Kang
Micromachines 2023, 14(4), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040814 - 03 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1287
Abstract
Blood elasticity is quantified using a single compliance model by analyzing pulsatile blood flow. However, one compliance coefficient is influenced substantially by the microfluidic system (i.e., soft microfluidic channels and flexible tubing). The novelty of the present method comes from the assessment of [...] Read more.
Blood elasticity is quantified using a single compliance model by analyzing pulsatile blood flow. However, one compliance coefficient is influenced substantially by the microfluidic system (i.e., soft microfluidic channels and flexible tubing). The novelty of the present method comes from the assessment of two distinct compliance coefficients, one for the sample and one for the microfluidic system. With two compliance coefficients, the viscoelasticity measurement can be disentangled from the influence of the measurement device. In this study, a coflowing microfluidic channel was used to estimate blood viscoelasticity. Two compliance coefficients were suggested to denote the effects of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel and flexible tubing (C1), as well as those of the RBC (red blood cell) elasticity (C2), in a microfluidic system. On the basis of the fluidic circuit modeling technique, a governing equation for the interface in the coflowing was derived, and its analytical solution was obtained by solving the second-order differential equation. Using the analytic solution, two compliance coefficients were obtained via a nonlinear curve fitting technique. According to the experimental results, C2/C1 is estimated to be approximately 10.9–20.4 with respect to channel depth (h = 4, 10, and 20 µm). The PDMS channel depth contributed simultaneously to the increase in the two compliance coefficients, whereas the outlet tubing caused a decrease in C1. The two compliance coefficients and blood viscosity varied substantially with respect to homogeneous hardened RBCs or heterogeneous hardened RBCs. In conclusion, the proposed method can be used to effectively detect changes in blood or microfluidic systems. In future studies, the present method can contribute to the detection of subpopulations of RBCs in the patient’s blood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomanufacturing for Biomedical Engineering Applications)
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17 pages, 16495 KiB  
Article
Polymer Kernels as Compact Carriers for Suspended Cardiomyocytes
by Mikhail Slotvitsky, Andrey Berezhnoy, Serafima Scherbina, Beatrisa Rimskaya, Valerya Tsvelaya, Victor Balashov, Anton E. Efimov, Igor Agapov and Konstantin Agladze
Micromachines 2023, 14(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010051 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1937
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) constitute a potential source of patient-specific human cardiomyocytes for a cardiac cell replacement therapy via intramyocardial injections, providing a major benefit over other cell sources in terms of immune rejection. However, intramyocardial injection of the cardiomyocytes has substantial [...] Read more.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) constitute a potential source of patient-specific human cardiomyocytes for a cardiac cell replacement therapy via intramyocardial injections, providing a major benefit over other cell sources in terms of immune rejection. However, intramyocardial injection of the cardiomyocytes has substantial challenges related to cell survival and electrophysiological coupling with recipient tissue. Current methods of manipulating cell suspensions do not allow one to control the processes of adhesion of injected cells to the tissue and electrophysiological coupling with surrounding cells. In this article, we documented the possibility of influencing these processes using polymer kernels: biocompatible fiber fragments of subcellular size that can be adsorbed to a cell, thereby creating the minimum necessary adhesion foci to shape the cell and provide support for the organization of the cytoskeleton and the contractile apparatus prior to adhesion to the recipient tissue. Using optical excitation markers, the restoration of the excitability of cardiomyocytes in suspension upon adsorption of polymer kernels was shown. It increased the likelihood of the formation of a stable electrophysiological coupling in vitro. The obtained results may be considered as a proof of concept that the stochastic engraftment process of injected suspension cells can be controlled by smart biomaterials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomanufacturing for Biomedical Engineering Applications)
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14 pages, 4592 KiB  
Article
Metallic Structures Based on Zinc Oxide Film for Enzyme Biorecognition
by Nicoleta Iftimie, Rozina Steigmann, Dagmar Faktorova and Adriana Savin
Micromachines 2022, 13(11), 1997; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111997 - 17 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1118
Abstract
Two structures (Ag/ZnO/ITI/glass: #1 sample and Ag/ZnO/SiO2/Si: #2 sample) are investigated, on the one hand, from the point of view of the formation of evanescent waves in the gratings of metal strips on the structures when the incident TEz wave in [...] Read more.
Two structures (Ag/ZnO/ITI/glass: #1 sample and Ag/ZnO/SiO2/Si: #2 sample) are investigated, on the one hand, from the point of view of the formation of evanescent waves in the gratings of metal strips on the structures when the incident TEz wave in the radio frequency range is used. The simulation of the formation of evanescent waves at the edge of the Ag strips, with thicknesses in the range of micrometers, was carried out before the test in the subwavelength regime, with the help of a new improved transducer with metamaterial (MM) lenses. By simulation, a field snapshot was obtained in each sequence of geometry. The evanescent waves are emphasized in the plane XY, due to the scattering of the field on the edge of the strips. On the other hand, ZnO nanoparticles are investigated as a convenient high-efficiency biodetection material, where these structures were used as a biosensitive element to various enzymes (glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, and ascorbic acid). The obtained results demonstrate that the investigated structures based on ZnO nanostructures deposited on different supports are fast and sensitive for enzyme detection and can be successfully incorporated into a device as a biosensing element. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomanufacturing for Biomedical Engineering Applications)
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17 pages, 5502 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulations of the Effect of the Asymmetrical Bending of the Hindwings of a Hovering C. buqueti Bamboo Weevil with Respect to the Aerodynamic Characteristics
by Xin Li
Micromachines 2022, 13(11), 1995; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111995 - 17 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1240
Abstract
The airfoil structure and folding pattern of the hindwings of a beetle provide new transformation paths for improvements in the aerodynamic performance and structural optimization of flapping-wing flying robots. However, the explanation for the aerodynamic mechanism of the asymmetrical bending of a real [...] Read more.
The airfoil structure and folding pattern of the hindwings of a beetle provide new transformation paths for improvements in the aerodynamic performance and structural optimization of flapping-wing flying robots. However, the explanation for the aerodynamic mechanism of the asymmetrical bending of a real beetle’s hindwings under aerodynamic loads originating from the ventral and dorsal sides is unclear. To address this gap in our understanding, a computational investigation into the aerodynamic characteristics of the flight ability of C. buqueti and the large folding ratio of their hindwings when hovering is carried out in this article. A three-dimensional (3D) pressure-based SST k-ω turbulence model with a biomimetic structure was used for the detailed analysis, and a refined polyhedral mesh was used for the simulations. The results show that the fluid around the hindwings forms a vortex ring consisting of a leading-edge vortex (LEV), wing-tip vortex (TV) and trailing-edge vortex (TEV). Approximately 61% of the total lift is generated during the downstroke, which may be closely related to the asymmetric bending of the hindwings when they are subjected to pressure load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomanufacturing for Biomedical Engineering Applications)
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Review

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22 pages, 2169 KiB  
Review
Determining Spatial Variability of Elastic Properties for Biological Samples Using AFM
by Stylianos Vasileios Kontomaris, Andreas Stylianou, Georgios Chliveros and Anna Malamou
Micromachines 2023, 14(1), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010182 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1829
Abstract
Measuring the mechanical properties (i.e., elasticity in terms of Young’s modulus) of biological samples using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indentation at the nanoscale has opened new horizons in studying and detecting various pathological conditions at early stages, including cancer and osteoarthritis. It is [...] Read more.
Measuring the mechanical properties (i.e., elasticity in terms of Young’s modulus) of biological samples using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indentation at the nanoscale has opened new horizons in studying and detecting various pathological conditions at early stages, including cancer and osteoarthritis. It is expected that AFM techniques will play a key role in the future in disease diagnosis and modeling using rigorous mathematical criteria (i.e., automated user-independent diagnosis). In this review, AFM techniques and mathematical models for determining the spatial variability of elastic properties of biological materials at the nanoscale are presented and discussed. Significant issues concerning the rationality of the elastic half-space assumption, the possibility of monitoring the depth-dependent mechanical properties, and the construction of 3D Young’s modulus maps are also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomanufacturing for Biomedical Engineering Applications)
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