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Micromachines
Special Issues
Fluid Manipulation: From Fundamentals to Applications
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Special Issue "Fluid Manipulation: From Fundamentals to Applications"

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E：Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2023 | Viewed by 2869

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pingan Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
Interests: microfluidics; fluid mechanics; wettability; biomimetics; micro/nanorobots
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ye Tian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
Interests: microfluidics; sensor and probe; POCT; flexible electroics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluid manipulation has emerged as a versatile and powerful platform for fostering multidisciplinary applications in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, environment, and medicine, to name a few. In recent years, the content of fluid manipulation has been continuously enriched with interdisciplinary innovations. For example, the advancement of surface engineering greatly boosts the development of fluid manipulation in an open space or under a liquid for larger ramifications; the thriving of 3D printing technology substantially benefits the fabrication of microfluidic devices, especially those with complex configurations, for small-scale fluid manipulation with high precision; the integration of machine learning and microfluidics revolutionizes fluid manipulation for various applications, such as materials synthesis and Lab-on-a-Chip; the emerging of bioinspired engineering promotes the development of fluid directional transport and collection. Having been burgeoning for decades, fluid manipulation is undergoing a “golden” development age with new concepts and technologies continuing to be witnessed. This Special Issue aims to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on recent advancements in the fundamentals and applications of fluid manipulation, including but not limited to the (1) fundamental understanding of interfacial fluid flows, (2) design and fabrication of innovative fluid manipulation systems, and (3) diverse applications related to fluid manipulation. 

Dr. Pingan Zhu
Dr. Ye Tian
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Dr. Pingan Zhu
Dr. Ye Tian
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fluid manipulation
  • interfacial fluid flows
  • microfluidics
  • droplets
  • bubbles
  • liquid films
  • soft interfaces
  • surface wettability.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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Article
Designing Versatile Superhydrophilic Structures via an Alginate-Based Hydrophilic Plasticene
by
Wenbo Shi
,
Haoyu Bai
,
Yaru Tian
,
Xinsheng Wang
,
Zhe Li
,
Xuanbo Zhu
,
Ye Tian
and
Moyuan Cao
Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050962 - 28 Apr 2023
Viewed by 469
Abstract
The rational design of superhydrophilic materials with a controllable structure is a critical component in various applications, including solar steam generation, liquid spontaneous transport, etc. The arbitrary manipulation of the 2D, 3D, and hierarchical structures of superhydrophilic substrates is highly desirable for smart [...] Read more.
The rational design of superhydrophilic materials with a controllable structure is a critical component in various applications, including solar steam generation, liquid spontaneous transport, etc. The arbitrary manipulation of the 2D, 3D, and hierarchical structures of superhydrophilic substrates is highly desirable for smart liquid manipulation in both research and application fields. To design versatile superhydrophilic interfaces with various structures, here we introduce a hydrophilic plasticene that possesses high flexibility, deformability, water absorption, and crosslinking capabilities. Through a pattern-pressing process with a specific template, 2D prior fast spreading of liquids at speeds up to 600 mm/s was achieved on the superhydrophilic surface with designed channels. Additionally, 3D superhydrophilic structures can be facilely designed by combining the hydrophilic plasticene with a 3D-printed template. The assembly of 3D superhydrophilic microstructure arrays were explored, providing a promising route to facilitate the continuous and spontaneous liquid transport. The further modification of superhydrophilic 3D structures with pyrrole can promote the applications of solar steam generation. The optimal evaporation rate of an as-prepared superhydrophilic evaporator reached ~1.60 kg·m−2·h−1 with a conversion efficiency of approximately 92.96%. Overall, we envision that the hydrophilic plasticene should satisfy a wide range of requirements for superhydrophilic structures and update our understanding of superhydrophilic materials in both fabrication and application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Manipulation: From Fundamentals to Applications)
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Article
First Experimental Evidence of Anti-Stokes Laser-Induced Fluorescence Emission in Microdroplets and Microfluidic Systems Driven by Low Thermal Conductivity of Fluorocarbon Carrier Oil
by
Zain Hayat
and
Abdel El Abed
Micromachines 2023, 14(4), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040765 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 618
Abstract
With the advent of many optofluidic and droplet microfluidic applications using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), the need for a better understanding of the heating effect induced by pump laser excitation sources and good monitoring of temperature inside such confined microsystems started to emerge. We [...] Read more.
With the advent of many optofluidic and droplet microfluidic applications using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), the need for a better understanding of the heating effect induced by pump laser excitation sources and good monitoring of temperature inside such confined microsystems started to emerge. We developed a broadband highly sensitive optofluidic detection system, which enabled us to show for the first time that Rhodamine-B dye molecules can exhibit standard photoluminescence as well as blue-shifted photoluminescence. We demonstrate that this phenomenon originates from the interaction between the pump laser beam and dye molecules when surrounded by the low thermal conductive fluorocarbon oil, generally used as a carrier medium in droplet microfluidics. We also show that when the temperature is increased, both Stokes and anti-Stokes fluorescence intensities remain practically constant until a temperature transition is reached, above which the fluorescence intensity starts to decrease linearly with a thermal sensitivity of about −0.4%/°C for Stokes emission or −0.2%/°C for anti-Stokes emission. For an excitation power of 3.5 mW, the temperature transition was found to be about 25 °C, whereas for a smaller excitation power (0.5 mW), the transition temperature was found to be about 36 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Manipulation: From Fundamentals to Applications)
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Article
A Liquid Mirror Resonator
by
Elad Haber
,
Mark Douvidzon
,
Shai Maayani
and
Tal Carmon
Micromachines 2023, 14(3), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030624 - 08 Mar 2023
Viewed by 573
Abstract
We present the first experimental demonstration of a Fabry‒Perot resonator that utilizes total internal reflection from a liquid–gas interface. Our hybrid resonator hosts both optical and capillary waves that mutually interact. Except for the almost perfect reflection by the oil–air interface at incident [...] Read more.
We present the first experimental demonstration of a Fabry‒Perot resonator that utilizes total internal reflection from a liquid–gas interface. Our hybrid resonator hosts both optical and capillary waves that mutually interact. Except for the almost perfect reflection by the oil–air interface at incident angles smaller than the critical angle, reflections from the liquid-phase boundary permit optically examining thermal fluctuations and capillary waves at the oil surface. Characterizing our optocapillary Fabry‒Perot reveals optical modes with transverse cross-sectional areas of various shapes and longitudinal modes that are separated by the free spectral range. The optical finesse of our hybrid optocapillary resonator is Fo = 60, the optical quality factor is Qo = 20 million, and the capillary quality factor is Qc = 6. By adjusting the wavelength of our laser near the optical resonance wavelength, we measure the liquid’s Brownian fluctuations. As expected, the low-viscosity liquid exhibits a distinct frequency of capillary oscillation, indicating operation in the underdamped regime. Conversely, going to the overdamped regime reveals no such distinct capillary frequency. Our optocapillary resonator might impact fundamental studies and applications in surface science by enabling optical interrogation, excitation, and cooling of capillary waves residing in a plane. Moreover, our optocapillary Fabry‒Perot might permit photographing thermal capillary oscillation, which the current state-of-the-art techniques do not support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Manipulation: From Fundamentals to Applications)
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Review

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Review
Microfluidic Methods for Generation of Submicron Droplets: A Review
by
Biao Huang
,
Huiying Xie
and
Zhenzhen Li
Micromachines 2023, 14(3), 638; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030638 - 11 Mar 2023
Viewed by 814
Abstract
Submicron droplets are ubiquitous in nature and widely applied in fields such as biomedical diagnosis and therapy, oil recovery and energy conversion, among others. The submicron droplets are kinetically stable, their submicron size endows them with good mobility in highly constricted pathways, and [...] Read more.
Submicron droplets are ubiquitous in nature and widely applied in fields such as biomedical diagnosis and therapy, oil recovery and energy conversion, among others. The submicron droplets are kinetically stable, their submicron size endows them with good mobility in highly constricted pathways, and the high surface-to-volume ratio allows effective loading of chemical components at the interface and good heat transfer performance. Conventional generation technology of submicron droplets in bulk involves high energy input, or relies on chemical energy released from the system. Microfluidic methods are widely used to generate highly monodispersed micron-sized or bigger droplets, while downsizing to the order of 100 nm was thought to be challenging because of sophisticated nanofabrication. In this review, we summarize the microfluidic methods that are promising for the generation of submicron droplets, with an emphasize on the device fabrication, operational condition, and resultant droplet size. Microfluidics offer a relatively energy-efficient and versatile tool for the generation of highly monodisperse submicron droplets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Manipulation: From Fundamentals to Applications)
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