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Micromachines
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Advanced Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technologies for Biomedical Microsystems
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Advanced Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technologies for Biomedical Microsystems

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "D：Materials and Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 11960

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Colin Dalton

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical and Software Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
Interests: biomedical micro devices; brain machine interfaces; electrokinetics; lab-on-a-chip; micro electrode arrays; microfluidics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The focus of this Special Issue will be on advancements in micro/nanomanufacturing technologies for biomedical micro-systems. Topics will include fundamental materials science, traditional manufacturing processes such as photolithography, emerging micro-additive/hybrid technologies such as multimaterial 3D printing, MEMS and NEMS applications, miniaturized robotic systems, and nanomaterials for biosensing.

Application areas cover microfluidic/lab-on-a-chip systems for areas such as diagnostics; miniaturized drug delivery systems such as microneedles; materials for neural prosthetics, implants, and scaffolds; and minimally invasive surgical applications and tissue engineering. 

Dr. Colin Dalton
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioMEMS
  • MEMS/NEMS
  • biomedical microsystems
  • emerging micro/nanofabrication processes

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 6880 KiB  
Article
Development of an Implantable Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Biomedical Applications
by Ji-Hyoung Roh, Kyu-Sik Shin, Tae-Ha Song, Jihong Kim and Dae-Sung Lee
Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 975; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050975 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1818
Abstract
In this study, a subminiature implantable capacitive pressure sensor is proposed for biomedical applications. The proposed pressure sensor comprises an array of elastic silicon nitride (SiN) diaphragms formed by the application of a polysilicon (p-Si) sacrificial layer. In addition, using the p-Si layer, [...] Read more.
In this study, a subminiature implantable capacitive pressure sensor is proposed for biomedical applications. The proposed pressure sensor comprises an array of elastic silicon nitride (SiN) diaphragms formed by the application of a polysilicon (p-Si) sacrificial layer. In addition, using the p-Si layer, a resistive temperature sensor is also integrated into one device without additional fabrication steps or extra cost, thus enabling the device to measure pressure and temperature simultaneously. The sensor with a size of 0.5 × 1.2 mm was fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and was packaged in needle-shaped metal housing that is both insertable and biocompatible. The packaged pressure sensor immersed in a physiological saline solution exhibited excellent performance without leakage. The sensor achieved a sensitivity of approximately 1.73 pF/bar and a hysteresis of about 1.7%, respectively. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the pressure sensor operated normally for 48 h without experiencing insulation breakdown or degradation of the capacitance. The integrated resistive temperature sensor also worked properly. The response of the temperature sensor varied linearly with temperature variation. It had an acceptable temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of approximately 0.25%/°C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technologies for Biomedical Microsystems)
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12 pages, 2175 KiB  
Article
3D Bioprinting of an Endothelialized Liver Lobule-like Construct as a Tumor-Scale Drug Screening Platform
by Zicheng Fan, Xiaoyun Wei, Keke Chen, Ling Wang and Mingen Xu
Micromachines 2023, 14(4), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040878 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1882
Abstract
3D cell culture models replicating the complexity of cell–cell interactions and biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) are novel approaches for studying liver cancer, including in vitro drug screening or disease mechanism investigation. Although there have been advancements in the production of 3D liver cancer [...] Read more.
3D cell culture models replicating the complexity of cell–cell interactions and biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) are novel approaches for studying liver cancer, including in vitro drug screening or disease mechanism investigation. Although there have been advancements in the production of 3D liver cancer models to serve as drug screening platforms, recreating the structural architecture and tumor-scale microenvironment of native liver tumors remains a challenge. Here, using the dot extrusion printing (DEP) technology reported in our previous work, we fabricated an endothelialized liver lobule-like construct by printing hepatocyte-laden methacryloyl gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel microbeads and HUVEC-laden gelatin microbeads. DEP technology enables hydrogel microbeads to be produced with precise positioning and adjustable scale, facilitating the construction of liver lobule-like structures. The vascular network was achieved by sacrificing the gelatin microbeads at 37 °C to allow HUVEC proliferation on the surface of the hepatocyte layer. Finally, we used the endothelialized liver lobule-like constructs for anti-cancer drug (Sorafenib) screening, and stronger drug resistance results were obtained when compared to either mono-cultured constructs or hepatocyte spheroids alone. The 3D liver cancer models presented here successfully recreate liver lobule-like morphology, and may have the potential to serve as a liver tumor-scale drug screening platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technologies for Biomedical Microsystems)
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20 pages, 5028 KiB  
Article
Simvastatin Loaded Dissolvable Microneedle Patches with Improved Pharmacokinetic Performance
by Zulcaif, Nadiah Zafar, Asif Mahmood, Rai Muhammad Sarfraz and Abdelhamid Elaissari
Micromachines 2022, 13(8), 1304; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13081304 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
Microneedle patches (MNPs) are one of the emerging approaches for drug delivery involving minimal invasion and improved skin penetration of macro- and micro-entities. Herein, we report dissolvable microneedle patches (dMNPs) as a novel tool for better systemic delivery of Simvastatin in the management [...] Read more.
Microneedle patches (MNPs) are one of the emerging approaches for drug delivery involving minimal invasion and improved skin penetration of macro- and micro-entities. Herein, we report dissolvable microneedle patches (dMNPs) as a novel tool for better systemic delivery of Simvastatin in the management of hypocholesteremia. Thiolated chitosan (TC), polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were employed in the development of dMNPs. Developed patches were characterized through SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, PXRD, dissolution testing, tensile strength, elongation (%), skin irritation studies, moisture content and pharmacokinetic evaluation. dMNP F26 exhibited excellent tensile strength (9.85 MPa), penetration potential (~700 µm), moisture content (5.95%), elongation (35.54%) and Simvastatin release of 77.92%. Pharmacokinetic properties were also improved, i.e., Cmax 1.97 µg/mL, tmax 9 h, MRT 19.9 h and AUC 46.24 µg·h/mL as compared to Simvastatin solution displaying Cmax 2.55 µg/mL, tmax 3 h, MRT 5.91 h and AUC 14.20 µg·h/mL thus confirming higher and improved bioavailability. Kinetic modelling revealed zero order as the best fit model based on regression coefficient. Histopathological findings proved the biocompatibility of the developed dMNPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technologies for Biomedical Microsystems)
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22 pages, 6624 KiB  
Article
Comparing the Replication Fidelity of Solid Microneedles Using Injection Compression Moulding and Conventional Injection Moulding
by Tim Evens, Sylvie Castagne, David Seveno and Albert Van Bael
Micromachines 2022, 13(8), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13081280 - 08 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2021
Abstract
Polymer surfaces are increasingly being functionalized with micro- and nano- surface features using mass replication methods such as injection moulding. An example of these are microneedle arrays, which contain needle-like microscopic structures, which facilitate drug or vaccine delivery in a minimally invasive way. [...] Read more.
Polymer surfaces are increasingly being functionalized with micro- and nano- surface features using mass replication methods such as injection moulding. An example of these are microneedle arrays, which contain needle-like microscopic structures, which facilitate drug or vaccine delivery in a minimally invasive way. In this study, the replication fidelity of two types of solid polycarbonate microneedles was investigated using injection compression moulding and conventional injection moulding. Using a full factorial design of experiments for the injection moulding process, it was found that the volumetric injection rate had the largest positive effect on the replication fidelity. The mould temperature and holding pressure were also found to have a positive effect, while the effect of the melt temperature was found to be insignificant for the considered temperature range. For the injection compression moulding process, it was found that a larger compression stroke resulted in a better replication fidelity. A comparison between the replication fidelity for the injection moulding and injection compression moulding indicated that the injection compression moulding process resulted in a higher and more uniform replication fidelity. Using finite element flow simulations, a higher and more evenly distributed cavity pressure was observed compared to the conventional injection moulding process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technologies for Biomedical Microsystems)
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Review

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20 pages, 4790 KiB  
Review
Bonding Strategies for Thermoplastics Applicable for Bioanalysis and Diagnostics
by Kieu The Loan Trinh, Duc Anh Thai and Nae Yoon Lee
Micromachines 2022, 13(9), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091503 - 10 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2956
Abstract
Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary science that includes physics, chemistry, engineering, and biotechnology. Such microscale systems are receiving growing interest in applications such as analysis, diagnostics, and biomedical research. Thermoplastic polymers have emerged as one of the most attractive materials for microfluidic device fabrication [...] Read more.
Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary science that includes physics, chemistry, engineering, and biotechnology. Such microscale systems are receiving growing interest in applications such as analysis, diagnostics, and biomedical research. Thermoplastic polymers have emerged as one of the most attractive materials for microfluidic device fabrication owing to advantages such as being optically transparent, biocompatible, cost-effective, and mass producible. However, thermoplastic bonding is a key challenge for sealing microfluidic devices. Given the wide range of bonding methods, the appropriate bonding approach should be carefully selected depending on the thermoplastic material and functional requirements. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of thermoplastic fabricating and bonding approaches, presenting their advantages and disadvantages, to assist in finding suitable microfluidic device bonding methods. In addition, we highlight current applications of thermoplastic microfluidics to analyses and diagnostics and introduce future perspectives on thermoplastic bonding strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technologies for Biomedical Microsystems)
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