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Micromachines
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Feature Papers from Micromachines Reviewers 2023
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Feature Papers from Micromachines Reviewers 2023

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 8165

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ion Stiharu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
Interests: microsystems; sensing (inertial, flow, load, strain); design of MEMS; data processing; modeling of coupled micro and macro systems; packaging of microsensors; MEMS for turbulence control; microfabrication; non-conventional microfabrication; rapid prototyping; migration from auto to aero; reliability of MEMS; failure models; test methodologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yi Zhang

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
Interests: micro/nanomedicine; microfluidics; diagnostics; biosensing; nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue welcomes high-quality papers from Micromachines journal reviewers in 2023.

Prof. Dr. Ion Stiharu
Prof. Dr. Yi Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 10435 KiB  
Article
A Nanoporous 3D-Printed Scaffold for Local Antibiotic Delivery
by Pouyan Ahangar, Jialiang Li, Leslie S. Nkindi, Zohreh Mohammadrezaee, Megan E. Cooke, Paul A. Martineau, Michael H. Weber, Elie Saade, Nima Nateghi and Derek H. Rosenzweig
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010083 - 30 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1053
Abstract
Limitations of bone defect reconstruction include poor bone healing and osteointegration with acrylic cements, lack of strength with bone putty/paste, and poor osteointegration. Tissue engineering aims to bridge these gaps through the use of bioactive implants. However, there is often a risk of [...] Read more.
Limitations of bone defect reconstruction include poor bone healing and osteointegration with acrylic cements, lack of strength with bone putty/paste, and poor osteointegration. Tissue engineering aims to bridge these gaps through the use of bioactive implants. However, there is often a risk of infection and biofilm formation associated with orthopedic implants, which may develop anti-microbial resistance. To promote bone repair while also locally delivering therapeutics, 3D-printed implants serve as a suitable alternative. Soft, nanoporous 3D-printed filaments made from a thermoplastic polyurethane and polyvinyl alcohol blend, LAY-FOMM and LAY-FELT, have shown promise for drug delivery and orthopedic applications. Here, we compare 3D printability and sustained antibiotic release kinetics from two types of commercial 3D-printed porous filaments suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. We found that both LAY-FOMM and LAY-FELT could be consistently printed into scaffolds for drug delivery. Further, the materials could sustainably release Tetracycline over 3 days, independent of material type and infill geometry. The drug-loaded materials did not show any cytotoxicity when cultured with primary human fibroblasts. We conclude that both LAY-FOMM and LAY-FELT 3D-printed scaffolds are suitable devices for local antibiotic delivery applications, and they may have potential applications to prophylactically reduce infections in orthopedic reconstruction surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers from Micromachines Reviewers 2023)
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13 pages, 5209 KiB  
Article
Fundamental Understanding of Multicellular Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Different Electrical Configurations
by Zifan Li, Wee Chen Gan, Lihua Tang and Kean Chin Aw
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1333; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071333 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1144
Abstract
The single-cell triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) often produces insufficient energy, leading to the use of a multicellular TENG structure. This work experimented with and simulated a dual-cell TENG with various configurations in parallel and series arrangements. The working principle of charge generation during each [...] Read more.
The single-cell triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) often produces insufficient energy, leading to the use of a multicellular TENG structure. This work experimented with and simulated a dual-cell TENG with various configurations in parallel and series arrangements. The working principle of charge generation during each phase of a contact–separation cycle was explained through the analysis and comparison of five electrical configurations of a dual-cell TENG. Our observations indicate that measuring the output charge of a TENG provides a more reliable performance comparison. Finally, multicellular TENG with four cells arranged in an X-shape (X-TENG), self-supporting structure is fabricated and further experimented with, validating our conjectures derived from a dual-cell TENG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers from Micromachines Reviewers 2023)
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12 pages, 7016 KiB  
Article
A Low-Profile Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for OAM Waves Generation at 5G NR Bands
by Nur Akmal Abd Rahman, Shehab Khan Noor, Imran Mohd Ibrahim, Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin, Arif Mawardi Ismail, Mohamed Nasrun Osman and Shaiful Bakri Ismail
Micromachines 2023, 14(4), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040841 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1594
Abstract
This paper presents the generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves with mode +1 using dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array. The proposed antenna was designed and fabricated using FR-4 substrate to generate OAM mode +1 at 3.56 GHz (5G new radio band). [...] Read more.
This paper presents the generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves with mode +1 using dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array. The proposed antenna was designed and fabricated using FR-4 substrate to generate OAM mode +1 at 3.56 GHz (5G new radio band). The proposed antenna consists of 2 × 2 rectangular DRA array, a feeding network, and four cross slots etched on the ground plane. The proposed antenna succeeded in generating OAM waves; this was confirmed by the measured radiation pattern (2D polar form), simulated phase distribution, and intensity distribution. Moreover, mode purity analysis was carried out to verify the generation of OAM mode +1, and the purity obtained was 53.87%. The antenna operates from 3.2 to 3.66 GHz with a maximum gain of 7.3 dBi. Compared with previous designs, this proposed antenna is low-profile and easy to fabricate. In addition, the proposed antenna has a compact structure, wide bandwidth, high gain, and low losses, thus meeting the requirements of 5G NR applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers from Micromachines Reviewers 2023)
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Review

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26 pages, 5246 KiB  
Review
Microfluidic Mixing: A Physics-Oriented Review
by Sri Manikandan Saravanakumar and Paul-Vahe Cicek
Micromachines 2023, 14(10), 1827; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101827 - 25 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1585
Abstract
This comprehensive review paper focuses on the intricate physics of microfluidics and their application in micromixing techniques. Various methods for enhancing mixing in microchannels are explored, with a keen emphasis on the underlying fluid dynamics principles. Geometrical micromixers employ complex channel designs to [...] Read more.
This comprehensive review paper focuses on the intricate physics of microfluidics and their application in micromixing techniques. Various methods for enhancing mixing in microchannels are explored, with a keen emphasis on the underlying fluid dynamics principles. Geometrical micromixers employ complex channel designs to induce fluid–fluid interface distortions, yielding efficient mixing while retaining manufacturing simplicity. These methods synergize effectively with external techniques, showcasing promising potential. Electrohydrodynamics harnesses electrokinetic phenomena like electroosmosis, electrophoresis, and electrothermal effects. These methods offer dynamic control over mixing parameters via applied voltage, frequency, and electrode positioning, although power consumption and heating can be drawbacks. Acoustofluidics leverages acoustic waves to drive microstreaming, offering localized yet far-reaching effects. Magnetohydrodynamics, though limited in applicability to certain fluids, showcases potential by utilizing magnetic fields to propel mixing. Selecting an approach hinges on trade-offs among complexity, efficiency, and compatibility with fluid properties. Understanding the physics of fluid behavior and rationalizing these techniques aids in tailoring the most suitable micromixing solution. In a rapidly advancing field, this paper provides a consolidated understanding of these techniques, facilitating the informed choice of approach for specific microfluidic mixing needs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers from Micromachines Reviewers 2023)
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29 pages, 7207 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for Food Control
by Francesco Rizzotto, Majd Khalife, Yanxia Hou, Carole Chaix, Florence Lagarde, Natale Scaramozzino and Jasmina Vidic
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1412; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071412 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2231
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of food contaminants is becoming increasingly important for timely prevention and treatment of foodborne disease. In this review, we discuss recent developments of electrochemical biosensors as facile, rapid, sensitive, and user-friendly analytical devices and their applications in food [...] Read more.
The rapid and sensitive detection of food contaminants is becoming increasingly important for timely prevention and treatment of foodborne disease. In this review, we discuss recent developments of electrochemical biosensors as facile, rapid, sensitive, and user-friendly analytical devices and their applications in food safety analysis, owing to the analytical characteristics of electrochemical detection and to advances in the design and production of bioreceptors (antibodies, DNA, aptamers, peptides, molecular imprinted polymers, enzymes, bacteriophages, etc.). They can offer a low limit of detection required for food contaminants such as allergens, pesticides, antibiotic traces, toxins, bacteria, etc. We provide an overview of a broad range of electrochemical biosensing designs and consider future opportunities for this technology in food control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers from Micromachines Reviewers 2023)
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