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Micromachines
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Advances in Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Devices and Antennas
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Advances in Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Devices and Antennas

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 8662

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Javad Nourinia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia 57591-57131, Iran
Interests: printed antennas; microwave components; circular polarization; metamaterials; MIMO

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microwave/millimeter-wave antennas with a broad bandwidth, small size, capability of covering various wireless services, and a reduction in the required antenna elements number play a significant role in smart handheld, portable device, biomedical, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The printed structures with a minimized profile, low complexity, low weight, high availability, easy fabrication, and integration are a suitable candidate for modern communications. Recently, many printed antennas have been introduced by incorporating different shapes and sizes of gaps, slits, arms, slots, sleeves, and metamaterial-based structures in the ground plane, radiating resonator, and feed line. Miniaturized printed antennas with minimized dimensions are more suitable for integration in modern applications with limited space as well as in diversity and MIMO structures that use several single antenna elements to enhance the performance.

This Special Issue seeks papers on new developments or advances in microwave/millimeter-wave devices and antennas.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Javad Nourinia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wideband and multiband antennas
  • metamaterial-inspired antennas
  • circularly polarized antennas
  • reconfigurable and tunable antennas
  • multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and diversity antennas

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 24057 KiB  
Article
A Four Element Stringray-Shaped MIMO Antenna System for UWB Applications
by Hüseyin Şerif Savcı
Micromachines 2023, 14(10), 1944; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101944 - 18 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 920
Abstract
This paper presents a CoPlanar-Waveguide (CPW)-fed stingray-shaped Ultra-WideBand (UWB) Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system designed for microwave imaging applications. Featuring a diagonal square with four inner lines and a vertical line at the center from toe to tip with a CPW feed line, the [...] Read more.
This paper presents a CoPlanar-Waveguide (CPW)-fed stingray-shaped Ultra-WideBand (UWB) Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system designed for microwave imaging applications. Featuring a diagonal square with four inner lines and a vertical line at the center from toe to tip with a CPW feed line, the unit antenna element looks like a stingray fish skeleton and is, therefore, named as a stingray-shaped antenna. It offers a bandwidth spanning from 3.8 to 12.7 GHz. Fabricated on a 31mil RO5880 RF teflon substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2, the proposed antenna has dimensions of 26 × 29 × 0.787 mm3. The maximum realized gain achieved is 3.5 dBi with stable omnidirectional radiation patterns. The antenna element is used in a four-antenna MIMO configuration with an isolation-improving structure at the center. The MIMO system has dimensions of 58 × 58 × 0.787 mm3 with a maximum realized gain of 5.3 dBi. The antenna’s performance in terms of MIMO parameters like Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and Diversity Gain (DG) is within satisfactory limits for medical imaging applications. Time domain analysis also yields positive results, allowing its integration into a breast phantom tumor detection simulation. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate excellent agreement, making this antenna a promising candidate for microwave imaging and biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Devices and Antennas)
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16 pages, 8606 KiB  
Article
An Ultra-Wide Band MIMO Antenna System with Enhanced Isolation for Microwave Imaging Applications
by Saad Hassan Kiani, Huseyin Serif Savci, Mehr E Munir, Ahmed Sedik and Hala Mostafa
Micromachines 2023, 14(9), 1732; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14091732 - 03 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1374
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel two-port ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with enhanced isolation characteristics. The antenna, designed on a thin 0.787 mm RO5880 substrate, achieves a compact form factor of 52 × 26 mm2 and offers a wide bandwidth [...] Read more.
This paper introduces a novel two-port ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with enhanced isolation characteristics. The antenna, designed on a thin 0.787 mm RO5880 substrate, achieves a compact form factor of 52 × 26 mm2 and offers a wide bandwidth of 9.2 GHz (2.3 GHz to 11.5 GHz) while meeting the VSWR 2:1 criterion. Notably, the proposed antenna demonstrates an impressive increase in isolation, up to 16 dB, through the integration of a shared radiator with small rectangular slots, effectively reducing interference and improving overall performance. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of additional MIMO performance parameters, including the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain, confirms their satisfactory limits, validating the potential of the proposed UWB-MIMO antenna for various UWB applications. The time domain analysis of the UWB antenna is also analyzed, and results are found to be within satisfactory limits. Simulation and measurement results further support the practicality and effectiveness of the antenna design, highlighting its compact size, wide bandwidth, and enhanced isolation characteristics, positioning it as a promising solution for advanced UWB microwave imaging systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Devices and Antennas)
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17 pages, 4323 KiB  
Article
A Novel High Isolation 4-Port Compact MIMO Antenna with DGS for 5G Applications
by Cem Güler and Sena Esen Bayer Keskin
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071309 - 26 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1447
Abstract
This paper presents the design and realization of a simple and low-profile, four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna operating in a mm-wave band supporting 5G communication technologies. As part of the design methodology, the initial stage involved the development of a conventional monopole patch antenna [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design and realization of a simple and low-profile, four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna operating in a mm-wave band supporting 5G communication technologies. As part of the design methodology, the initial stage involved the development of a conventional monopole patch antenna optimized for operation at 26 GHz, which was matched to a 50 Ω stepped feed line. Afterward, a square-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) with semi-circle slots on the edges was placed on the ground to improve the isolation, and the circular and rectangular slots were incorporated as DGSs to optimize the antenna impedance bandwidth. Etching semi-circular-shaped slots on the ground plane achieved more than 34.2 dB isolation in the 26 GHz operating band. In addition, an arrangement of four symmetrical radiating elements was positioned orthogonally to minimize the antenna’s physical size and improve the isolation. The proposed MIMO antenna’s overall dimension was 25 × 25 mm2, which was printed on a Rogers 5880 substrate at a width of 0.787 mm and εr = 2.2. The proposed antenna covered the 5G mm-wave band with a 10 dB bandwidth ranging from 25.28–28.02 GHz, whereas the maximum gain attained for the proposed structure was 8.72 dBi. Additionally, the implementation of these slots effectively mitigated mutual coupling, resulting in reduced envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) values. Furthermore, other MIMO performance metrics, including channel capacity loss (CCL), mean effective gain (MEG), and diversity gain (DG), were analyzed for the proposed structure. The obtained results indicate its suitability for various usage areas, such as smart devices, mobile phones, and sensors in 5G applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Devices and Antennas)
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23 pages, 9959 KiB  
Article
Microstrip Sensor Based on Ring Resonator Coupled with Double Square Split Ring Resonator for Solid Material Permittivity Characterization
by Khuzairi Masrakin, Siti Zuraidah Ibrahim, Hasliza A. Rahim, Saidatul Norlyana Azemi, Ping Jack Soh and Sugchai Tantiviwat
Micromachines 2023, 14(4), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040790 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2175
Abstract
This paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the [...] Read more.
This paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the structure (D-SRR). The function of the S-SRR is to generate a resonant at the center frequency, whereas D-SRRs function as sensors, with their resonant frequency being very sensitive to changes in the MUT’s permittivity. In a traditional S-SRR, a gap emerges between the ring and the feed line to improve the Q-factor, but the loss increases as a result of the mismatched coupling of the feed lines. To provide adequate matching, the microstrip feed line is directly connected to the single-ring resonator in this article. The S-SRR’s operation switches from passband to stopband by generating edge coupling with dual D-SRRs located vertically on both sides of the S-SRR. The proposed sensor was designed, fabricated, and tested to effectively identify the dielectric properties of three MUTs (Taconic-TLY5, Rogers 4003C, and FR4) by measuring the microwave sensor’s resonant frequency. When the MUT is applied to the structure, the measured findings indicate a change in resonance frequency. The primary constraint of the sensor is that it can only be modeled for materials with a permittivity ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The proposed sensors’ acceptable performance was achieved through simulation and measurement in this paper. Although the simulated and measured resonance frequencies have shifted, mathematical models have been developed to minimize the difference and obtain greater accuracy with a sensitivity of 3.27. Hence, resonance sensors offer a mechanism for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of varied permittivity of solid materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Devices and Antennas)
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12 pages, 11981 KiB  
Article
Design of a Four-Port Flexible UWB-MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for Wearable and IoT Applications
by Jie Zhang, Chengzhu Du and Ruohui Wang
Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2141; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122141 - 03 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2009
Abstract
A 2 × 2 ultra-wideband MIMO flexible antenna with a low profile and good isolation was designed for Internet of Things (IoT) realms and wearable devices. The antenna elements were placed on a novel flexible substrate of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with compact [...] Read more.
A 2 × 2 ultra-wideband MIMO flexible antenna with a low profile and good isolation was designed for Internet of Things (IoT) realms and wearable devices. The antenna elements were placed on a novel flexible substrate of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with compact dimensions fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW). In order to ameliorate isolation, the cross-shaped decoupling branches were placed among the antenna elements. The proposed UWB antenna can operate from 2.9 GHz to 10.86 GHz with a good reflection coefficient of S11 < −10 dB as well as a high isolation better than 22 dB. Its operating bands include 5G, WiFi, X-band, etc. Moreover, the parameters of diversity performance were also tested. These parameters included an average gain of approximately 4 dB, a low ECC of less than 0.01, and good diversity gain of 9.999. The flexible MIMO antenna performs well in bending and on-body conditions. To sum up, the antenna has good prospects in IoT applications and wearable fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Devices and Antennas)
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