Welding: State-of-the-Art 2021

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Welding and Joining".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 6032

Special Issue Editors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, ISEP–School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
Interests: tribology; coatings; manufacturing processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although competitor manufacturing processes are increasing, welding remains a solid manufacturing technique, able to join similar and dissimilar materials, from small-scale to huge structures. The development of new materials encourages new studies about their ability to be joined by welding, stimulating continuous research in this field. Moreover, new joining processes are always being developed to respond to market demand, fostering new research development and excellent outcomes.

This Special Issue intends to collect high-quality, high-level research studies about the most recent developments in this field, such as research into the weldability of new materials, characterization of weldments in new or already-existing materials and alloys, heat treatment characterization applied to weldments, research on solid-state weldments, simulation regarding welding processes, destructive and non-destructive testing, heat input effects, and everything that is related to welding processes.

Prof. Dr. Francisco J. G. Silva
Prof. Dr. António Bastos Pereira
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Welding
  • Weldability
  • Weldments’ characterization
  • Heat-treatments
  • Filler metals
  • Solid-state welding
  • Friction stir welding
  • Explosion welding
  • Laser welding
  • Electron beam welding
  • Arc welding
  • Spot welding
  • Non-destructive testing
  • Destructive testing
  • Heat input
  • Heat-affected zone
  • Nugget zone
  • Thermo-mechanically affected zone

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 5193 KiB  
Article
Influence of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Gas Tungsten Arc Welded HSLA S500MC Steel Joints
by Kianoosh Kornokar, Fardin Nematzadeh, Hossein Mostaan, Amirhossein Sadeghian, Mahmoud Moradi, David G. Waugh and Mahdi Bodaghi
Metals 2022, 12(4), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12040565 - 27 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2529
Abstract
High-strength low alloy (HSLA) S500MC steel is widely used for chassis components, structural parts, and pressure vessels. In this study, the effects of heat input during automatic gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) on microstructure and mechanical properties of thermomechanically controlled processed (TMP) S500MC [...] Read more.
High-strength low alloy (HSLA) S500MC steel is widely used for chassis components, structural parts, and pressure vessels. In this study, the effects of heat input during automatic gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) on microstructure and mechanical properties of thermomechanically controlled processed (TMP) S500MC steel were investigated. A butt joint configuration was used, and welding was performed in autogenous mode. Six different levels of heat input namely 1.764 kJ/mm, 1.995 kJ/mm, 2.035 kJ/mm, 2.132 kJ/mm, 2.229 kJ/mm, and 2.33 kJ/mm were considered. Microstructural investigations revealed a different microstructure than base metal in the fusion zone (FZ) of all welded joints which was most likely due to a lath martensitic microstructure surrounded by retained austenite. With increased heat input, the amount of retained austenite and the size of packets increased. In the heat-affected zone (HAZ), two distinct regions of coarse grain (CG-HAZ) and fine grain (FG-HAZ) were observed. Due to the presence of carbides in the HAZ, mostly a martensitic microstructure with smaller packets, compared to FZ, was formed. By increasing the heat input and through the dissolution of carbides, the dimension of packets increased. Due to microstructural changes and grain growth, in both the FZ and the HAZ, the mechanical properties produced by TMP were lost in these regions. However, failure occurred in the base metal of all samples with a maximum tensile strength of 690 MPa. Thus, tensile strength in the weld zone and HAZ were higher than the base metal even for the highest heat input indicating the formation of a good joint between S500MC plates with GTAW, regardless of heat input. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding: State-of-the-Art 2021)
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19 pages, 5196 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Heat Treatment Conditions of Joints in Grade P91 Steel: Looking for More Sustainable Solutions
by Vitor F. C. Sousa, Francisco J. G. Silva, António P. Pinho, António B. Pereira and Olga C. Paiva
Metals 2021, 11(3), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11030495 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2317
Abstract
Grade P91 is a relatively new class of steel, which has received special attention from designers because it presents extremely interesting characteristics for specific applications. This steel exhibits ideal properties for demanding applications, especially involving high temperature and pressure, being employed in facilities [...] Read more.
Grade P91 is a relatively new class of steel, which has received special attention from designers because it presents extremely interesting characteristics for specific applications. This steel exhibits ideal properties for demanding applications, especially involving high temperature and pressure, being employed in facilities such as power plants and other equipment, such as heat exchangers. P91 welds usually need heat treatments, which are already parameterized in the codes. However, standardized treatments are time-consuming and harmful to the environment, as they massively consume energy. Some attempts have been made in the past to reduce the time and energy spent on these treatments. This work aims to extend this study, now presenting better solutions than those obtained previously. This work presents four new conditions for the heat treatment of joints carried out on P91 steel, with a view to reducing processing time, reducing energy consumption, and an even better balance between mechanical strength and elongation after failure. Heat treatment conditions were established in which there was a loss of about 14% in Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), but in which a gain of about 50% in elongation was obtained, compared to welding without any treatment, but also with 10% losses in the UTS and 30% gains in elongation when compared to the solution recommended as more correct in the codes, saving a lot of time and energy in the treatment process. Thus, these solutions may be adopted in the future with gains in terms of productivity and economic and environmental sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding: State-of-the-Art 2021)
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