Residual Stress Analysis of Welded Structure

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 5832

Special Issue Editor

Department of Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Chosun Universitydisabled, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
Interests: welding mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the usage of large-scale, high-strength metallic structures increases significantly in various civil engineering constructions and other areas, higher standards and assessments are required to ensure their structural integrity and performance. This is critical when welding heavy-section or very thick steel plate and pipes because most welded structures contain significant levels of residual stresses, which can lead to the abrupt fracture and fatigue-elated failure. Furthermore, the through-thickness variations of residual stresses are important in large, thick welds due to the completely different distributions of residual stresses inside the welded structure from accumulated heat input. Although there are intrinsic limitations and difficulties in the determination of the residual stresses in heavy-section welded structures, a few promising methods have been applied destructively, nondestructively, or complementarily.

I invite you to send scientifically valuable articles for a Special Issue of Metals entitled "Residual Stress Analysis of Welded Structure". Its scope is very wide and covers all issues of welding including residual measurement, welding processes, the effect of welding residual stress on fracture safety, and numerical analyses. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present methodologies for improving the safety of various structures through a clear examination of the welding residual stress, and as such, submitted articles should concern the issues of the measurement method and the FE-analysis of the welding residual stress. In addition, research on welding residual stress, which is considered in the evaluation of fracture toughness and the safety of welded structures, is also welcome. Given the quality of Metals, we are confident that this journal is the ideal place to present your research to the world.

Dr. Gyubaek An
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Welding residual stress
  • Fracture toughness
  • Finite Element analysis
  • Steel structure
  • Residual strain
  • Dissimilar welding
  • X-Ray
  • Neutron Diffraction
  • Hole Drilling
  • Strain Gauge

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 8928 KiB  
Article
Reductions in the Laser Welding Deformation of STS304 Cylindrical Structure Using the Pre-Stress Method
by Se-Hwan Lee, Ho-Chan Jeon and Jeong-Ung Park
Metals 2023, 13(4), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040798 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 849
Abstract
Welding deformation occurs due to non-uniform thermal expansion, thermal contraction, restraint, and phase transformation in a metal by a local welding heat source. This causes problems such as low buckling strength and the reduced workability of the production process. Correcting welding deformations in [...] Read more.
Welding deformation occurs due to non-uniform thermal expansion, thermal contraction, restraint, and phase transformation in a metal by a local welding heat source. This causes problems such as low buckling strength and the reduced workability of the production process. Correcting welding deformations in stainless steel using heat—such as by linear heating—causes metal sensitization, which should be avoided. Herein, welding deformation was reduced by applying tension stress instead of correcting the deformation by heating. A deformation-prevention jig was used to reduce welding deformation during the manufacturing of a cylinder made of STS304 by laser welding. The tensile stress was induced by pushing the cylinder shell outward using the deformation-prevention jig. A thermo-elastoplastic analysis was performed to investigate the effects of the magnitude of the tensile stress on welding deformation. Furthermore, the parametric results—which indicated a reduction in welding deformation—were verified through experiments. The thermo-elastoplastic analysis suggested that deformation did not occur when the magnitude of tensile stress was approximately 50% of the yield stress of the base metal. Moreover, the deformation was experimentally reduced by 11–20% when a tensile stress of 30 MPa was applied to the cylinder, compared with that in the absence of tensile stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residual Stress Analysis of Welded Structure)
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15 pages, 13946 KiB  
Article
Study on the Root Causes and Prevention of Coating Cracks in the Cargo Hold of a Product Carrier
by Myung-Su Yi, Kwang-Cheol Seo and Joo-Shin Park
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1688; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101688 - 09 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1177
Abstract
Recently, shipyards have been booming in the product carrier (PC) market of the global shipbuilding industry. Due to the rising market conditions, orders for large container vessels and PCs are also steadily increasing. According to the industry, freight rates for LR tankers (70K) [...] Read more.
Recently, shipyards have been booming in the product carrier (PC) market of the global shipbuilding industry. Due to the rising market conditions, orders for large container vessels and PCs are also steadily increasing. According to the industry, freight rates for LR tankers (70K) and MR tankers (50K) in the shipbuilding industry have rose to the highest level during the previous year. In order to secure the competitiveness of PCs, various core items are required, and Korean shipbuilders have been leading the market for a long time based on their knowledge of the design and production of low-fuel ships. In recent years, there have been frequent cases of coating cracks in the cargo hold after sea trial. All relevant rules presented by the classification so far are structural design, safety evaluation, and inspection standards, and coating cracks are considered a problem for coating makers. In other words, they must establish a standard coating measure agreed upon by all parties (owner, shipbuilder, and coating maker); therefore, solutions have been proposed by each shipping company. In this study, the causes of coating cracks occurring in the cargo hold of PCs during tank tests in sea trials were analyzed and measures to prevent them were studied. The main point of this study is assumed that coating crack are caused by mechanical load induced by structural behavior, and the numerical analysis methodology is newly introduced. Based on the results of the numerical analysis, it was confirmed that there is a high probability of coating cracks in the critical area where high stress occurs in the cargo hold. Therefore, the results obtained in this study will be useful to prevent coating cracks in future PC designs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residual Stress Analysis of Welded Structure)
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18 pages, 9766 KiB  
Article
Study of Heat Source Model and Residual Stress Caused by Welding in GMAW of Al Alloy
by Myung-Su Yi and Joo-Shin Park
Metals 2022, 12(6), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060891 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
An important trend in recent ships and offshore structures is that they require high strength as well as light weight. Due to this trend, various materials are being used to replace existing carbon steel, with aluminum alloys being used frequently. In particular, this [...] Read more.
An important trend in recent ships and offshore structures is that they require high strength as well as light weight. Due to this trend, various materials are being used to replace existing carbon steel, with aluminum alloys being used frequently. In particular, this trend is conspicuous in outfitting rather than in traditional structural strength members. As a typical example, the use of aluminum alloys is increasing in helideck structures and handrails, which are tertiary components. In order to make the example structures above, welding is absolutely necessary. There are various welding methods used for aluminum alloy, with gas metal arc welding (GMAW) the most widely used. It is very important to be able to simulate welding and to predict various physical quantities of this welding technique in the production of aluminum alloy structures. In particular, welding-induced residual stresses are always generated in a structure that has been welded, and can greatly influence structural stability. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to simulate the welding phenomenon using a precise welding heat source for various aluminum alloys. Additionally, the validity of the proposed finite element (FE) analysis method is verified by measuring the residual stress of the representative aluminum alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residual Stress Analysis of Welded Structure)
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13 pages, 3636 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Welding Residual Stress Distribution in Dissimilar Weld Joints
by Gyubaek An, Jeongung Park, Woongtaek Lim, Hongkyu Park and Ilwook Han
Metals 2022, 12(3), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030405 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1450
Abstract
For the construction of ecofriendly ships, fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), ammonia, and hydrogen are being discussed as alternatives. LNG fuel has recently been applied to shipbuilding. The most important aspect of an LNG propulsion ship is the LNG storage tank, [...] Read more.
For the construction of ecofriendly ships, fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), ammonia, and hydrogen are being discussed as alternatives. LNG fuel has recently been applied to shipbuilding. The most important aspect of an LNG propulsion ship is the LNG storage tank, because LNG is stored at a high pressure and low temperature. Cryogenic steels are needed to evaluate safety in weld joints, especially the LNG storage tank which has a dissimilar weld joint with a STS pipe. The dissimilar weld joint has a complex welding residual stress distribution. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of temperature changes that occur during the loading–unloading process of LNG. In this study, the residual stress distribution characteristics of heterogeneous welding parts welded to STS pipes using 9% Ni steel, STS, and high-manganese austenitic steel in an LNG storage tank were investigated through experimental and analytical methods. The thermal stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between cryogenic steel and the STS pipe occurred with a small amount in loading–unloading of LNG. When high-manganese austenitic steels and the STS pipe were joined, tensile stress was generated at the dissimilar weld joint owing to the temperature difference generated during the LNG loading–unloading process. STS has a homogenous weld joint and identical thermal expansion coefficients; therefore, the shrinkage and expansion were not affected by the temperature change. The welding residual stress at the dissimilar weld joints was measured via an experimental cutting method, and the results indicated that the tensile residual stress had distribution similar to the yield stress of the material. The stress generated by the temperature change and the welding residual stress overlapped and occurred during the loading–unloading process of the LNG tank; however, the final tensile stress below the tensile stress was distributed in the storage tank. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residual Stress Analysis of Welded Structure)
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