Steel Heat Treatment

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 7362

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Turin Technical University (Politecnico di Torino), IT-10129 Turin (Torino), Italy
Interests: metallurgy; steels; aluminum alloys; microstructures; mechanical properties; heat treatments; failure analysis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heat treatment has been used to improve steel’s formability or performance since time immemorial, and the theoretical bases of this process were discovered and began to be understood in the XIX and XX centuries, thus allowing us to correlate the thermal process with the ensuing microstructure and the final mechanical properties.

Nevertheless, in the last few years, innovations in the base materials and characterization methods have opened up new research and development possibilities. For example, progress in additive manufacturing has motivated research efforts into new heat treatment methods for as-built alloys. Similarly, progress in crystal orientation mapping, by means of electron backscattered diffraction, has allowed a deeper understanding of microstructural evolution.

Moreover, research efforts have also been directed toward new or emerging heat treatment techniques, such as cryogenic heat treatment and rapid tempering, aiming to improve the mechanical performance of existing steel grades.

In this Special Issue, we will seek to provide a set of articles on various aspects of the heat treatment of steels, with a focus on microstructures and mechanical properties, including both research papers and review papers, informing readers on the latest ongoing research and development activities, on the current state of the art, and on prior history.

The Special Issue will seek to encompass (but will not be limited to) the following topics: the influence of alloy composition and prior processing; structural and microstructural evolution during the thermal process; ensuing formability or final mechanical performance, including static, cyclic and dynamic behavior in relevant subsequent processes or final applications; sensitivity to environmental degradation, including corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement; development of new heat treatment methods for new or emerging materials or prior processes, such as additively manufactured steels, or for special applications or improved performance; industrial applications, and history.

Prof. Paolo Matteis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • steels
  • heat treatment
  • microstructures
  • formability
  • strength and toughness

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5422 KiB  
Article
Effect of Multi-Step Austempering Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High Silicon Carbide-Free Bainitic Steel with Bimodal Bainite Distribution
by Mattia Franceschi, Alvise Miotti Bettanini, Luca Pezzato, Manuele Dabalà and Pascal J. Jacques
Metals 2021, 11(12), 2055; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11122055 - 19 Dec 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2313
Abstract
The effect of multi-step austempering treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel medium carbon high silicon carbide-free bainitic steel was studied. Five different isothermal treatment processes were selected, including single-step isothermal treatments above martensite start temperature (at 350 °C and [...] Read more.
The effect of multi-step austempering treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel medium carbon high silicon carbide-free bainitic steel was studied. Five different isothermal treatment processes were selected, including single-step isothermal treatments above martensite start temperature (at 350 °C and 370 °C, respectively), and three kinds of two-step routes (370 °C + 300 °C, 370 °C + 250 °C, and 350 °C + 250 °C). In comparison with single-step austempering treatment adopting a two-step process, a microstructure with a bimodal-size distribution of bainitic ferrite and without martensite was obtained. Bainitic transformation was studied using dilatometry both for single-step and two-step routes and the specimens were completely characterised by electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and standard tensile tests. The mechanical response of the samples subjected to two-step routes was superior to those treated at a single temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Steel Heat Treatment)
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13 pages, 45797 KiB  
Article
Mechanisms of the Reverse Martensite-to-Austenite Transformation in a Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel
by Dmitrii Panov, Egor Kudryavtsev, Ruslan Chernichenko, Aleksandr Smirnov, Nikita Stepanov, Yuri Simonov, Sergey Zherebtsov and Gennady Salishchev
Metals 2021, 11(4), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040599 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4448
Abstract
The martensite-to-austenite reversion mechanisms under continuous heating and annealing of metastable austenitic stainless steel subjected to cold swaging were studied. The reversion-temperature-time diagram was constructed using high-resolution dilatometry. The diagram revealed a sequence of martensitic and diffusional reversion and recrystallization. Martensitic and diffusional [...] Read more.
The martensite-to-austenite reversion mechanisms under continuous heating and annealing of metastable austenitic stainless steel subjected to cold swaging were studied. The reversion-temperature-time diagram was constructed using high-resolution dilatometry. The diagram revealed a sequence of martensitic and diffusional reversion and recrystallization. Martensitic and diffusional reversion might be separated by using the heating rate of >10 °C/s. The reversion started via the martensitic mechanism, and the diffusional mechanism developed during subsequent heating. However, both mechanisms enhance simultaneously during continuous heating at slow heating rates (<10 °C/s). At higher temperatures, recrystallization occurred. Post-mortem microstructure analysis has allowed classifying the reverse annealing modes into low- (500–650 °C), medium- (~700 °C), and high-temperature (~800 °C) regimes. During low-temperature annealing, the development of the phase reversion, recovery, recrystallization, and carbide precipitation was characterized by both a high amount of new austenite grains and restriction of their growth that resulted in the formation of an ultrafine grain structure with an average grain size of 100–200 nm. Medium-temperature annealing was associated with the formation of almost a fully recrystallized austenitic structure, but the lamellar regions were still detected. Austenitic grain growth and dissolution of carbide particles were enhanced during high-temperature annealing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Steel Heat Treatment)
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