Research

Jump to: Review

16 pages, 17150 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of ErF₃ Particles on the Structure and Physicomechanical Properties of A359 Alloy

by Nikolai Kakhidze, Vladimir Valikhov, Mikhail Selikhovkin, Anton Khrustalyov, Ilya Zhukov, Sergey Vasiliev and Alexander Vorozhtsov

Metals 2023, 13(8), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081463 - 14 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 812

Abstract

In this work, the impact of ErF₃ submicroparticles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the A359 alloy was studied. ErF₃ particles provided a homogeneous structure in castings produced via the casting method. The modifying effect of ErF₃ particles on [...] Read more.

In this work, the impact of ErF₃ submicroparticles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the A359 alloy was studied. ErF₃ particles provided a homogeneous structure in castings produced via the casting method. The modifying effect of ErF₃ particles on the structure of Al–Si alloys is realized through the mechanism of restraining the crystallization front and is achieved through the reduction in the formation of clusters of iron phases and eutectic lamellar silicon. It was found that the addition of 1 wt% ErF₃ to the A359 alloy leads to a decrease in the average grain size by 21% and an increase in the yield strength by 14%, in tensile strength by 16%, in the microhardness of Al₁₅(FeMn)₃Si₂ phase by 34% and in the Al₁₅(FeMnCr)₃Si₂ phase by 7%. The heat treatment of the A359 alloy with ErF₃ particles increased the yield strength by 36% and the tensile strength by 34%. The absence of an effect of ErF₃ particles on the hardness values of the A359 alloy, as well as on the fracture process of the A359 alloy, was observed. The negative influence of ErF₃ particle agglomerates and clusters on the strength characteristics of the investigated alloys was observed. Approaches for further exploring the potential of ErF₃ particles as a strengthening phase in cast aluminum alloys of the Al–Si system were proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Preparation Methods and Numerical Simulation of Composites: Formation and Properties)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 6206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Elastoplastic Deformation of Rotating Disk Made of Aluminum Dispersion-Hardened Alloys

by Oleg Matvienko, Olga Daneyko, Vladimir Valikhov, Vladimir Platov, Ilya Zhukov and Aleksandr Vorozhtsov

Metals 2023, 13(6), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061028 - 27 May 2023

Viewed by 1005

Abstract

This paper studies the plastic deformation of a rotating disk made of aluminum dispersion-hardened alloys using mechanical tensile tests and a structured study using optical microscopy methods. Alloys such as AA5056 and A356 with dispersed Al₃Er and TiB₂ particles are [...] Read more.

This paper studies the plastic deformation of a rotating disk made of aluminum dispersion-hardened alloys using mechanical tensile tests and a structured study using optical microscopy methods. Alloys such as AA5056 and A356 with dispersed Al₃Er and TiB₂ particles are used as the initial materials. Tensile strength testing of the obtained alloys shows that the addition of Al₃Er particles in the AA5056 alloy composition leads to an increase in its ultimate stress limit (USL) and plasticity from 170 to 204 MPa and from 14.7 to 21%, respectively, although the modifying effect is not observed during crystallization. The addition of TiB₂ particles to the A356 alloy composition also leads to a simultaneous increase in the yield strength, USL, and plasticity from 102 to 145 MPa, from 204 to 263 MPa, and from 2.3 to 2.8%, respectively. The study of the stress-strain state of the disk was carried out in the framework of deformed solid mechanics. The equilibrium equations were integrated analytically, taking into account the hardening conditions obtained from the experimental investigations. This made it possible to write the analytical relations for the radial and circumferential stresses and to determine the conditions of plastic deformation and loss of strength. The plastic resistance of a disk depends on the ratio between its outer and inner radii. The plastic resistance decreases with increasing disk width at a constant inner radius, which is associated with a stronger effect from the centrifugal force field. At a higher rotational rate of narrow disks, the tangential stresses are high and can exceed the USL value. A356 and A356–TiB₂ alloys are more brittle than the AA5056 and AA5056–Al₃Er alloys. In the case of wide rotating disks, AA5056 and AA5056–Al₃Er alloys are preferable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Preparation Methods and Numerical Simulation of Composites: Formation and Properties)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 8355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Microstructure and Properties of Ultra-thin Cu/Al Composite Sheets Using the Cold-Rolled Composite Method at the Microscale

by Dege Chen, Hongmei Zhang, Hongnan Li, Rui Zhu, Yuchuan Zhu and Zhengyi Jiang

Metals 2023, 13(4), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040780 - 16 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1009

Abstract

In this paper, an ultra-thin Cu/Al composite sheet with a thickness of 0.08 mm was obtained via the cold-rolling composite method using a four-high micro-rolling mill in the laboratory. The rolling reduction of a single pass was 65%. After the annealing of the [...] Read more.

In this paper, an ultra-thin Cu/Al composite sheet with a thickness of 0.08 mm was obtained via the cold-rolling composite method using a four-high micro-rolling mill in the laboratory. The rolling reduction of a single pass was 65%. After the annealing of the ultra-thin Cu/Al composite sheets at temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 500 °C, the interface bonding mode of the Cu/Al composite sheets changed from mechanical bonding to metallurgical bonding, and the bonding strength was significantly improved. The microhardness value at the bonding interface of the ultra-thin Cu/Al composite sheets increases with the increase in annealing temperature. When the annealing temperature is 500 °C, the maximum microhardness value at the bonding interface reached 2.0 GPa. With the increase in annealing temperature, the tensile strength and elongation of the ultra-thin Cu/Al composite sheets decreases significantly. The peel strength of the extremely thin Cu/Al composite sheets increases at first and then decreases with the increase in annealing temperature, and reached the maximum value at an annealing temperature of 400 °C. When the annealing temperature was 400 °C, the tensile and peel properties of the ultra-thin Cu/Al composite sheet reached the best state. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Preparation Methods and Numerical Simulation of Composites: Formation and Properties)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 6867 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Bismuth and Telluride on the Inclusions of Sulfur Free-Cutting Steel

by Xin Wang, Hongmei Zhang, Jianling Wang, Rui Zhu, Yuchuan Zhu, Fenglin Lu, Jinmeng Li and Zhengyi Jiang

Metals 2023, 13(3), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030486 - 27 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1321

Abstract

The development of free-cutting steel is inseparable from the development of environmentally friendly alloy elements and the control of inclusions shape. Alloying elements can affect the composition, morphology, size, and distribution of inclusion, which are the main factors affecting the machinability of free-cutting [...] Read more.

The development of free-cutting steel is inseparable from the development of environmentally friendly alloy elements and the control of inclusions shape. Alloying elements can affect the composition, morphology, size, and distribution of inclusion, which are the main factors affecting the machinability of free-cutting steel. This study selected sulfur free-cutting steel with different chemical compositions as the research object to examine the effects of bismuth and bismuth tellurium on sulfur-containing free-cutting steel through electrolytic corrosion experiments, metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum, and electron backscattering analyzer. The results showed that the microstructures of free-cutting-steel containing sulfur, free-cutting steel containing sulfur bismuth, and free-cutting steel containing sulfur bismuth tellurium are composed of ferrite, pearlite, and inclusions. The inclusions in sulfur-containing free-cutting steel are chain, cluster, and a few dotted MnS. The inclusions in sulfur-bismuth free-cutting steel are point and a few dotted MnS. After the addition of Te, the number of dotted inclusions is reduced, while the number of chain and cluster inclusions is increased. Most of the inclusions in bismuth-containing free-cutting steel are flake inclusions, and the class II MnS change into class III MnS, which is beneficial for improving the free-cutting property of steel and to reduce anisotropy. With the addition of Te, MnS of other shapes, such as heart, water drop, butterfly, etc. of a length–width ratio of less than 4 also appeared as MnS and MnTe complex inclusions, and the fusiform manganese sulfide accounted for most of the steel. Both Bi and Te had modification effects on MnS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Preparation Methods and Numerical Simulation of Composites: Formation and Properties)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 24335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of WC Content on Microstructure and Element Diffusion of Nano WC-Co-TiC/304 Stainless Steel Composites for Micro Drill

by Rui Zhu, Hongmei Zhang, Jianling Wang, Hongnan Li, Jinmeng Li, Zhisong Zhang, Yuchuan Zhu and Zhengyi Jiang

Metals 2023, 13(3), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030475 - 24 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1174

Abstract

In this study, WC-Co-TiC/304 stainless steel composites were successfully prepared by compression at room temperature and vacuum sintering in a special mold. Through analysis and comparison of the microstructure, density, and particle size of WC-Co-TiC/304 stainless steel composite, the effects of different WC [...] Read more.

In this study, WC-Co-TiC/304 stainless steel composites were successfully prepared by compression at room temperature and vacuum sintering in a special mold. Through analysis and comparison of the microstructure, density, and particle size of WC-Co-TiC/304 stainless steel composite, the effects of different WC contents on the structure and properties of WC-Co-TiC were studied. The results show that among different WC contents when the WC content is 60%, the distribution of each structure is relatively uniform and fine, and the agglomeration of each structure is not obvious. The bonding effect of WC-Co-TiC cemented carbide and 304 stainless steel composite interface is the best. With the increase of WC content, the side defects of WC-Co-TiC cemented carbide increase gradually. When WC content is 60%, the best ratio is 1:1 of Co/TiC, as the density is 94.45%, the particle size of 0.2–0.3 μm is 38.9%, and the highest hardness of WC-Co-TiC cemented carbide side is 1370 HV_0.1, but it is better when the ratio of Co/TiC is 3:2 at the composite interface, as the hardness value is 852 HV_0.1 and the diffusion of Cr element is more uniform, while other elements have little difference. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Preparation Methods and Numerical Simulation of Composites: Formation and Properties)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 11517 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Dependence of the Strength of a Carbon Fiber/Aluminum Matrix Composite on the Interface Shear Strength between the Matrix and Fiber

by Sergei Galyshev and Bulat Atanov

Metals 2022, 12(10), 1753; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101753 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1645

Abstract

Taking the example of a composite wire with an Al-25% Sn alloy matrix reinforced with carbon fiber, the dependence of composite bending strength on interface shear strength was determined. Samples of the composite wire with different interface shear strengths were obtained by heat [...] Read more.

Taking the example of a composite wire with an Al-25% Sn alloy matrix reinforced with carbon fiber, the dependence of composite bending strength on interface shear strength was determined. Samples of the composite wire with different interface shear strengths were obtained by heat treatment at temperatures from 300 to 600 °C. The highest bending strength of 2450 MPa was observed for composite wire samples with the lowest interface shear strength. With an increase in the shear strength of the interface, a decrease in the strength was observed. The study of the surface of carbon fiber extracted from the composite showed that heat treatment led to the formation of aluminum carbide crystals on the fiber surface, the size and number of which increased with increasing temperature. As a result, there was an increase in the shear strength of the interface. The evaluation of the work of fracture of a composite with different strengths of the interface between the matrix and the fiber demonstrated that as the strength of the interface increases, the work of fracture decreases, due to the premature fracture of the composite through crack propagation in one plane. Based on the experimental data, the refined mixture rule according to the Weibull distribution, and an assessment of the critical stress of crack propagation according to the Griffith–Orowan–Irwin concept, the dependence of composite strength on the shear strength of the interface was estimated. Due to this, the critical shear strength was calculated at which the greatest strength of the composite can be achieved, these values being 107 MPa and 2675 MPa, respectively. It is shown that the contribution of the work of overcoming the friction force to the total work of fracture at relatively small values of shear strength can be several times greater than the total contribution of all other types of energy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Preparation Methods and Numerical Simulation of Composites: Formation and Properties)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 10311 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of Wear Resistance on H13 Tool and Die Steels by Trace Nanoparticles

by Shu-Qing Kou, Jun-Nan Dai, Wen-Xin Wang, Chun-Kai Zhang, Si-Yu Wang, Tai-Yu Li and Fang Chang

Metals 2022, 12(2), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12020348 - 16 Feb 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2089

Abstract

In order to improve the impact toughness and wear resistance of the tool and die steels, this study innovatively prepared strengthened H13 steels with different contents of single-phase TiC and dual-phase TiC + TiB₂ through in situ nanoparticle/Al master alloys at room [...] Read more.

In order to improve the impact toughness and wear resistance of the tool and die steels, this study innovatively prepared strengthened H13 steels with different contents of single-phase TiC and dual-phase TiC + TiB₂ through in situ nanoparticle/Al master alloys at room temperature. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties as well as wear resistance were investigated. Results indicate that the H13 steel with 0.02 wt.% dual-phase TiC + TiB₂ nanoparticles has a more uniform and finer microstructure, and the mechanical properties and wear resistance are significantly improved. The yield strength, maximum tensile strength, breaking strain, uniform elongation, product of strength plasticity, and unnotched and U-notched impact toughness of H13 steel with 0.02 wt.% dual-phase TiC + TiB₂ are higher than that of H13 steel. In addition, the volume wear rate, maximum scratch depth and width reach 7.1 × 10⁻¹¹ m³/m, 6050 nm and 90 μm, respectively, which are reduced by 44.5%, 30.1% and 45.5% compared with that of H13 steel. Refining the microstructure and improving impact toughness and wear resistance of H13 tool steel through trace nanoparticles can provide important inspiration for industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Preparation Methods and Numerical Simulation of Composites: Formation and Properties)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 3037 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Factors Affecting the Mechanical Performance of High Manganese Austenitic Steel

by Lei Xia, Ling Yan, Hongmei Zhang, Yan Li, Zhengyi Jiang and Guanglong Li

Metals 2022, 12(9), 1405; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091405 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2337

Abstract

High manganese austenitic steel has attracted increasing attention for its application in liquefied natural gas storage tank materials due to its excellent ductility and low cost. This paper presents an overview of the research progress of high manganese austenitic steel in recent years. [...] Read more.

High manganese austenitic steel has attracted increasing attention for its application in liquefied natural gas storage tank materials due to its excellent ductility and low cost. This paper presents an overview of the research progress of high manganese austenitic steel in recent years. As a structural material used at a low temperature environment, high manganese steel should not only have certain strength, but also good toughness to prevent brittle fracture at a low temperature. In this work, factors affecting mechanical properties of high manganese steel are discussed, possible reasons for the deterioration of low-temperature properties are analyzed, and the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of materials are elaborated, which may be beneficial to improve properties of high manganese austenitic steel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Preparation Methods and Numerical Simulation of Composites: Formation and Properties)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Advances in Preparation Methods and Numerical Simulation of Composites: Formation and Properties

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (8 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI