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Metals
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Jarosites: Structure, Formation, Leaching, Environmental, Applications
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Jarosites: Structure, Formation, Leaching, Environmental, Applications

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 12446

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Antoni Roca

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Guest Editor
Retired Professor, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: extractive metallurgy; minerals; flue dusts; copper; silver; gold; arsenic
Prof. Dr. Montserrat Cruells

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: recycling; flue dusts; copper; silver; gold; arsenic; alunite

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Work on the group of jarositic materials has significantly developed in recent decades, especially in recent years. The term “jarosites” refers to both mineral species and materials synthesized in the laboratory or obtained from industrial plants. Jarosites are used to control the content of iron, sulfates, alkalis and other metals in hydrometallurgical circuits. However, jarosite-type compounds, resulting from the oxidation of mineral sulfides, are also related to the recovery of noble metals that contain or are associated with them. An important application of jarosite-, beudantite- or alunite-type materials has been in the prevention of the environmental impact of different elements, such as arsenic or lead, contained in soils, in water or in different hydrometallurgical processes. On the other hand, studies by different authors have shown that jarosites can play an important role in the inhibition of copper minerals during some leaching process with or without the presence of bacteria (bioleaching processes). Finally, due to their characteristics, jarositic materials can find applications in pigments, fillers, catalytic materials, etc.

The Special Issue aims to include articles on both fundamental issues related to jarosites: structure, formation, thermodynamics, kinetics, and on applied issues that include laboratory information but also the application of industrial plants. Information related to similar materials, such as alunites or beudantites, and also works including information about the possible presence of jarosites on Mars are also welcome. 

Prof. Dr. Antoni Roca
Prof. Dr. Montserrat Cruells
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermodynamics
  • geochemistry
  • zinc hydrometallurgy
  • gold
  • silver
  • arsenic
  • lead
  • environmental impact
  • alunite
  • Mars

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 200 KiB  
Editorial
Jarosites: Structure, Formation, Leaching, Environmental, and Applications
by Montserrat Cruells and Antoni Roca
Metals 2023, 13(7), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071292 - 19 Jul 2023
Viewed by 685
Abstract
Jarosite, beudantite, and alunite are members of the alunite supergroup [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Jarosites: Structure, Formation, Leaching, Environmental, Applications)

Research

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21 pages, 4074 KiB  
Article
Uptake of Silver by Jarosite and Natrojarosite Family Compounds at 22 °C, 97 °C and 140 °C
by Peter F. Cogram, Mark D. Welch and Karen A. Hudson-Edwards
Metals 2023, 13(3), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030627 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1178
Abstract
The jarosite family of minerals are part of the alunite supergroup with the general formula AB3(TO4)2(OH)6. Jarosite family minerals are known to incorporate silver (Ag), but the extent to which this occurs, and at what [...] Read more.
The jarosite family of minerals are part of the alunite supergroup with the general formula AB3(TO4)2(OH)6. Jarosite family minerals are known to incorporate silver (Ag), but the extent to which this occurs, and at what temperature range, is not well constrained. To address this knowledge gap, jarosite compounds with the A site filled with K, Na, Ag and H3O were synthesised at 22 °C, 97 °C and 140 °C to simulate low-, moderate- and high-temperature environments, respectively. The compounds were characterised by XRD, SEM, chemical analysis and Raman spectroscopy. All of the synthesised compounds took up Ag. In general, higher temperatures of synthesis increased alkali and Ag occupancy of the A site of the products. Silver contents increased with the increasing concentration of Ag in the starting solutions at all temperatures. The order of preference for occupancy of the A site in the synthesised solids is K > Na > H3O > Ag at all temperatures, which is consistent with the reported order of ΔGf of −3309 kJ/mol, −3270 kJ/mol, −3247 kJ/mol and −2948 kJ/mol for jarosite, natrojarosite, hydroniumjarosite and argentojarosite, respectively. The results of this study show that Ag can be incorporated in jarosite and natrojarosite at low-to-high temperatures, and therefore, jarosite family minerals can be important stores of Ag in in natural and engineered environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Jarosites: Structure, Formation, Leaching, Environmental, Applications)
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13 pages, 4773 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Behavior of As and Pb during the Pretreatments Applied to a Jarosite Residue for the Recovery of Gold and Silver
by Nallely G. Picazo-Rodríguez, Ma. de Jesus Soria-Aguilar, Josue Chaidez, Manuel Flores, Isaias Almaguer-Guzmán and Francisco Raul Carrillo-Pedroza
Metals 2023, 13(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010138 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1294
Abstract
The recovery of valuable metals from jarosites is a topic of great relevance regarding the implementation of the circular economy; however, these materials also contain metals such as arsenic and lead, which are harmful to health and the environment. Considering these factors, it [...] Read more.
The recovery of valuable metals from jarosites is a topic of great relevance regarding the implementation of the circular economy; however, these materials also contain metals such as arsenic and lead, which are harmful to health and the environment. Considering these factors, it is important to monitor these metals at each stage of treatment used to recover the valuable metals. In the present work, the behavior of As and Pb was assessed during the pretreatment conducted on a jarositic residue using direct zinc leaching (DLR), as well as leaching in cyanide and cyanide media with glycine. It was found that when no DLR pretreatment was performed, As and Pb naturally dissolved in the cyanide-leaching medium at concentrations of 34.08 mg/L and 99.12 mg/L, respectively. When an alkaline treatment was conducted on the residue (DLR-AH), it was found that there was no presence of As and Pb in the cyanidation solution, while in the case of the cyanide solution with glycine, we observed 83.35 mg/L of As and 213.63 mg/L of Pb. During the oxidizing alkaline hydrothermal treatment (DLR-AHO), 27.5 mg/L of As and 106.78 mg/L of Pb were detected in the cyanide solution. In the cyanide solution with glycine, there was less dissolution of As and Pb (11.68 and 66.75 mg/L), respectively. Finally, when desulfurization of the DLR was conducted prior to the DLR-AHO treatment, the dissolution of As and Pb increased due to the elemental sulfur covering the arsenopyrite and galena particles, so that, when removed, these were more susceptible to pretreatment and cyanidation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Jarosites: Structure, Formation, Leaching, Environmental, Applications)
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13 pages, 5065 KiB  
Article
Doped Potassium Jarosite: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation as Biomaterial for Its Application in Bone Tissue Engineering
by Juan R. Serralde-Lealba, Eduardo Cerecedo-Sáenz, Juan Hernández-Ávila, Alberto Arenas-Flores, María A. Veloz-Rodríguez, María del P. Gutiérrez-Amador, Arely M. González-González, Raúl Rosales-Ibáñez and Eleazar Salinas-Rodríguez
Metals 2022, 12(6), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12061052 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1814
Abstract
For decades, jarosites have been precipitated by controlling Fe in hydrometallurgical circuits. In addition, their synthesis, characterization, precious metals incorporation, decomposition and leaching have led to important results in this field. Nowadays, new topics related to the synthesis of these compounds have directed [...] Read more.
For decades, jarosites have been precipitated by controlling Fe in hydrometallurgical circuits. In addition, their synthesis, characterization, precious metals incorporation, decomposition and leaching have led to important results in this field. Nowadays, new topics related to the synthesis of these compounds have directed studies for applications such as lithium-ion batteries (as cathodes or/and anodes). Additionally, in this work, the evaluation of these kinds of compounds as biomaterials to be used in bone tissue engineering is shown, which is a novel application of these jarosite type-compounds. The method used for the synthesis of these compounds has been improved, decreasing the temperature (from 95 to 70 °C) and synthesis time (from 24 to only 3 h), which allows the doping of the potassium jarosite with calcium, strontium and magnesium (JKCa, JKCa2 and JKAll). The powders obtained this way were characterized confirming the incorporation of these elements into the structure, and the biological assays allowing the cell proliferation at 10 days conclude that these compounds are viable as a biomaterial, due to their non-toxic property. On the other hand, these jarosites show osteoinduction when added to the swine dental pulp stem cells and can be used for orthodontic purpouses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Jarosites: Structure, Formation, Leaching, Environmental, Applications)
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16 pages, 4358 KiB  
Article
Alkaline Decomposition of Solid Solution of Ammonium-Sodium Jarosite with Arsenic
by Víctor H. Flores, Francisco Patiño, Antoni Roca, Mizraim U. Flores, Iván A. Reyes, Martin Reyes and Hernán Islas
Metals 2022, 12(4), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12040584 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1570
Abstract
In this study, a solid solution of arsenical ammonium-sodium jarosite, with the approximate formula [(NH4)0.72 Na0.06(H3O)0.21]Fe3(2.52)(SO4)1.85 (AsO4)0.15 [(OH)4.41 (H2O)1.59], was synthesized. [...] Read more.
In this study, a solid solution of arsenical ammonium-sodium jarosite, with the approximate formula [(NH4)0.72 Na0.06(H3O)0.21]Fe3(2.52)(SO4)1.85 (AsO4)0.15 [(OH)4.41 (H2O)1.59], was synthesized. The precipitate particle main size was 38 µm, with spherical morphology. A decomposition reaction in alkaline media was carried out; this decomposition comprised three stages: an induction period, a progressive conversion and a stabilization period. The process was controlled by the chemical reaction, and the progressive conversion period was consistent with the shrinking core model. The dissolution reactions of the compound in NaOH media were characterized by an ash layer formed by solid residues made of Fe(OH)3 with adsorbed arsenate surrounding an unreacted core through which Na+, NH4+ and SO42− ions diffused into the solution. At the same time, OH− ions diffused from the solution into the reaction front until the core disappeared, indicating the end of the reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Jarosites: Structure, Formation, Leaching, Environmental, Applications)
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Review

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26 pages, 3985 KiB  
Review
Jarosites: Formation, Structure, Reactivity and Environmental
by Montserrat Cruells and Antoni Roca
Metals 2022, 12(5), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050802 - 06 May 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4510
Abstract
Jarosite, beudantite and alunite are members of the alunite supergroup. Minerals like those have been detected in different environments on Earth. These jarosite-type compounds are common in acid rock drainage environments and acid sulfate soils, resulting from the weathering of sulfide ores; they [...] Read more.
Jarosite, beudantite and alunite are members of the alunite supergroup. Minerals like those have been detected in different environments on Earth. These jarosite-type compounds are common in acid rock drainage environments and acid sulfate soils, resulting from the weathering of sulfide ores; they are also present in bioleaching systems because they are found in cultures of iron-oxidizing microorganisms. Jarosite is also generated in hydrometallurgical circuits, mainly in zinc hydrometallurgy. These minerals can be used to immobilize different elements such as arsenic and lead, among others. Jarosite and alunite have also been detected on the surface of Mars; the presence of jarosite and alunite and other sulfates provides evidence for the existence of water on Mars. In this work, an exhaustive review of the natural formation, synthesis, structure, thermodynamics, and reactivity of jarosite, beudantite and alunite are included. The capacity of jarosites for the immobilization of the elements, such as lead and arsenic, and information about studies related to jarosite formation on Mars are also included. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Jarosites: Structure, Formation, Leaching, Environmental, Applications)
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