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Special Issue "Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Disease"

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Associate Professor, School of Medico Legal Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
Interests: metabolic abnormalities in cancer, cachexia and cardiovascular diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic disease is a cluster of diseases which occur due to alterations in various metabolic processes of our body due to abnormal biochemical reactions. There could be alterations in carbohydrate, protein, and/or lipid metabolism hampering overall functions of the body. Certain metabolic diseases include (but are not limited to) type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etc. During advanced stages of cancer, cachexia starts developing which also involves altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Such diseases make patients prone to other diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. This Special Issue will familiarize readers with molecular mechanisms of various metabolic diseases and approaches for pharmacological treatment of metabolic diseases. We therefore invite research/review papers focusing on any metabolic disease. We also aim to bring into the limelight any strategies to curb diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD.

Dr. Bhoomika Patel
Guest Editor

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Keywords

type 2 diabetes mellitus
obesity
metabolic syndrome
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
syndrome X
cancer cachexia
cardiovascular diseases
insulin resistance

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Open AccessArticle

Plasma Amino Acids in NAFLD Patients with Obesity Are Associated with Steatosis and Fibrosis: Results from the MAST4HEALTH Study

Metabolites 2023, 13(8), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13080959 - 18 Aug 2023

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Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been linked to changes in amino acid (AA) levels. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between MRI parameters that reflect inflammation and fibrosis and plasma AA concentrations in NAFLD patients. Plasma AA levels of 97 NAFLD patients from the MAST4HEALTH study were quantified with liquid chromatography. Medical, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics were collected and biochemical parameters, as well as inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, were measured. In total, subjects with a higher MRI-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) exhibited higher plasma AA levels compared to subjects with lower PDFF. The concentrations of BCAAs (p-Value: 0.03), AAAs (p-Value: 0.039), L-valine (p-Value: 0.029), L-tyrosine (p-Value: 0.039) and L-isoleucine (p-Value: 0.032) were found to be significantly higher in the higher PDFF group compared to lower group. Plasma AA levels varied according to MRI-PDFF. Significant associations were also demonstrated between AAs and MRI-PDFF and MRI-cT1, showing the potential utility of circulating AAs as diagnostic markers of NAFLD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Disease)

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Genistein Suppresses IL-6 and MMP-13 to Attenuate Osteoarthritis in Obese Diabetic Mice

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Metabolites 2023, 13(9), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13091014 - 14 Sep 2023

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis (OA) often present as comorbidities. We examined the role of plasma IL-6, chondrocyte MMP-13, and col10a expression in the development of OA in obese diabetic mice. We further investigated dietary genistein and exercise training as potential mitigators of OA. One hundred adult mice (50 females, 50 males) aged 6 weeks were randomized into 5 groups, including lean controls, obese diabetic controls, and obese diabetic mice treated with genistein, exercise training, and genistein plus exercise training. The obese diabetic state was induced by feeding the mice a high-fat, high-sugar diet. Genistein was incorporated into the diet at a concentration of 600 mg genistein/kg. Exercise training was performed on a treadmill and consisted of daily 30 min sessions at 12 m/min, 5 days/week for a 12-week period. After treatment, plasma was collected, and proximal tibias were removed for analysis. Plasma IL-6 and MMP-13 were elevated while col10a was reduced in obese diabetic mice in comparison to lean controls. Dietary genistein treatment reduced IL-6 and MMP-13 expression and increased col10a expression. Histological examination of articular cartilage showed reduced thickness of the uncalcified zones and proteoglycan content in the cartilage of diabetic mice in comparison to mice fed genistein. Exercise training had no significant effect. In conclusion, genistein (and not exercise training) attenuates OA by reducing IL-6 and MMP-13 expression in diabetic mice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Disease)

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Special Issue "Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Disease"

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