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Feature Papers in Inorganic Membranes and Hybrid Materials
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Feature Papers in Inorganic Membranes and Hybrid Materials

A topical collection in Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This collection belongs to the section "Inorganic Membranes".

Viewed by 13668

Editor

Dr. Rahul Singh

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
Interests: organic and inorganic membranes; membrane nanostructure; bipolar membranes; biopolymer membranes; ion-conducting membranes; energy storage devices; fuel cell; reverse electrodialysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Inorganic membrane technology is snowballing and offers enormous potential for overcoming the challenges encountered by conventional polymeric membranes. The main challenges experienced, such as robustness, physicochemical stability, thermal stability, and long-run, are crucial factors that govern the membrane’s performance. Inorganic membranes can withstand stress conditions and maintain their stability at elevated temperatures, shifting pHs, and high levels of relative humidity and pressure. These unique properties provide high permeation and selective transportation, making them promising candidates that are of commercial interest. Varieties of inorganic membrane materials with attractive and vibrant properties have created opportunities for engineering advancement. Comprehensive materials classes, from carbon-based graphene oxide to ceramic or metal-based hybrid materials to metal organic frameworks or inorganic polymers, have been widely used to develop high-performance inorganic membranes. Producing high-quality inorganic membrane material while maintaining the low cost of the membrane is still a major challenge that restricts their full-scale commercial use at in the production line. To solve the issue of the cost of inorganic membrane and hybrid materials in the production line, researchers around the globe have diverted their attention to optimizing the practical application of these membranes and exploring novel materials.

This Special Issue will provide a platform for researchers to publish their findings on inorganic membranes and hybrid material-related topics. Readers of this Special Issue will gain an overview of the fast development and innovation in the field of inorganic membranes. Therefore, authors developing advanced hybrid materials for designing nano or microporous inorganic membranes for separation technology can contribute their findings to this issue. This Special Issue aims to act as a valuable source of information. It will cover a range of material types that can be used for developing inorganic membranes, including micro to nanoporous materials, amorphous to crystalline materials, functional materials, etc. The application of inorganic membranes and hybrid materials is also a prime focus of this issue. However, papers focused on analytical calculations, methods, fundamental principles, and concepts concerning inorganic membranes will also be covered. 

Dr. Rahul Singh
Collection Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the collection website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • porous membrane
  • hybrid membrane
  • mixed matrix membrane
  • inorganic membrane
  • hollow fiber membrane
  • metal organic framework
  • hybrid materials
  • separation and purification
  • reactor
  • gas sensing
  • energy system

Published Papers (7 papers)

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2023

Jump to: 2022

11 pages, 2097 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Hybrid Membrane of ZnO Particles Supported in Cellulose Acetate for the Removal of Lead
by Irma Pérez-Silva, Ma. Elena Páez-Hernández, Israel S. Ibarra and Rosa Luz Camacho-Mendoza
Membranes 2023, 13(2), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020123 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1577
Abstract
Water polluted by discarded heavy metals such as lead is creating a global pollution problem. In this work, adsorption of Pb(II) was realized in batch studies by a hybrid membrane of cellulose acetate with ZnO particles. First, ZnO particles were prepared by precipitation [...] Read more.
Water polluted by discarded heavy metals such as lead is creating a global pollution problem. In this work, adsorption of Pb(II) was realized in batch studies by a hybrid membrane of cellulose acetate with ZnO particles. First, ZnO particles were prepared by precipitation and immobilized on the membrane. The hybrid membrane was elaborated by interfacial polymerization. The structure and surface were characterized based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Batch experiments were carried out under different conditions where the number of particles of ZnO present in the membrane and the pH of the aqueous solution were varied. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were evaluated in the best adsorption conditions. Data fitted well with a Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 15.55 mg·g−1, which was similar for this type of materials. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy showed that the process was spontaneous and favorable. The hybrid membrane was evaluated in simulated wastewater of the battery industry with a superior efficiency of up to 97%; without the medium, it did not generate interference. These results suggest that Pb(II) removal by hybrid membrane is possible. Full article
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2022

Jump to: 2023

14 pages, 8832 KiB  
Article
A Flexible 7-in-1 Microsensor Embedded in a Hydrogen/Vanadium Redox Battery for Real-Time Microscopic Measurements
by Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Yu-Chun Chen and Xin-Fu Jiang
Membranes 2023, 13(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010049 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1342
Abstract
The latest document indicates that the hydrogen/vanadium redox flow battery has better energy density and efficiency than the vanadium redox flow battery, as well as being low-cost and light-weight. In addition, the hydrogen, electrical conductivity, voltage, current, temperature, electrolyte flow, and runner pressure [...] Read more.
The latest document indicates that the hydrogen/vanadium redox flow battery has better energy density and efficiency than the vanadium redox flow battery, as well as being low-cost and light-weight. In addition, the hydrogen, electrical conductivity, voltage, current, temperature, electrolyte flow, and runner pressure inside the hydrogen/vanadium redox flow battery can influence its performance and life. Therefore, this plan will try to step into the hydrogen/vanadium redox flow battery stack and improve the vanadium redox flow battery of this R&D team, whereof the electrolyte is likely to leak during assembling, and the strong acid corrosion environment is likely to age or fail the vanadium redox flow battery and microsensors. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are used, which are integrated with the flexible 7-in-1 microsensor, which is embedded in the hydrogen/vanadium redox flow battery for internal real-time microscopic sensing and diagnosis. Full article
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19 pages, 5091 KiB  
Article
Nonstoichiometry, Defect Chemistry and Oxygen Transport in Fe-Doped Layered Double Perovskite Cobaltite PrBaCo2−xFexO6−δ (x = 0–0.6) Membrane Materials
by Ivan L. Ivanov, Petr O. Zakiryanov, Vladimir V. Sereda, Maxim O. Mazurin, Dmitry A. Malyshkin, Andrey Yu. Zuev and Dmitry S. Tsvetkov
Membranes 2022, 12(12), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121200 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1250
Abstract
Mixed conducting cobaltites PrBaCo2−xFexO6−δ (x = 0–0.6) with a double perovskite structure are promising materials for ceramic semi-permeable membranes for oxygen separation and purification due to their fast oxygen exchange and diffusion capability. Here, we report [...] Read more.
Mixed conducting cobaltites PrBaCo2−xFexO6−δ (x = 0–0.6) with a double perovskite structure are promising materials for ceramic semi-permeable membranes for oxygen separation and purification due to their fast oxygen exchange and diffusion capability. Here, we report the results of the detailed study of an interplay between the defect chemistry, oxygen nonstoichiometry and oxygen transport in these materials as a function of iron doping. We show that doping leads to a systematic variation of both the thermodynamics of defect formation reactions and oxygen transport properties. Thus, iron doping can be used to optimize the performance of mixed conducting oxygen-permeable double perovskite membrane materials. Full article
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28 pages, 4062 KiB  
Review
Classification of Nanomaterials and the Effect of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Recently Developed Nanoparticles on the Ultrafiltration Membrane and Their Applications: A Review
by Raghad M. Al-Maliki, Qusay F. Alsalhy, Sama Al-Jubouri, Issam K. Salih, Adnan A. AbdulRazak, Mohammed Ahmed Shehab, Zoltán Németh and Klara Hernadi
Membranes 2022, 12(11), 1043; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111043 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2957
Abstract
The emergence of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) or nanocomposite membranes embedded with inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has opened up a possibility for developing different polymeric membranes with improved physicochemical properties, mechanical properties and performance for resolving environmental and energy-effective water purification. This paper presents [...] Read more.
The emergence of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) or nanocomposite membranes embedded with inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has opened up a possibility for developing different polymeric membranes with improved physicochemical properties, mechanical properties and performance for resolving environmental and energy-effective water purification. This paper presents an overview of the effects of different hydrophilic nanomaterials, including mineral nanomaterials (e.g., silicon dioxide (SiO2) and zeolite), metals oxide (e.g., copper oxide (CuO), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) and tungsten oxide (WOX)), two-dimensional transition (e.g., MXene), metal–organic framework (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and carbon-based nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide (GO)). The influence of these nanoparticles on the surface and structural changes in the membrane is thoroughly discussed, in addition to the performance efficiency and antifouling resistance of the developed membranes. Recently, GO has shown a considerable capacity in wastewater treatment. This is due to its nanometer-sized holes, ultrathin layer and light and sturdy nature. Therefore, we discuss the effect of the addition of hydrophilic GO in neat form or hyper with other nanoparticles on the properties of different polymeric membranes. A hybrid composite of various NPs has a distinctive style and high-quality products can be designed to allow membrane technology to grow and develop. Hybrid composite NPs could be used on a large scale in the future due to their superior mechanical qualities. A summary and future prospects are offered based on the current discoveries in the field of mixed matrix membranes. This review presents the current progress of mixed matrix membranes, the challenges that affect membrane performance and recent applications for wastewater treatment systems. Full article
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24 pages, 3233 KiB  
Article
Model-Based Performance Analysis of Membrane Reactor with Ethanol Steam Reforming over a Monolith
by Ludmilla Bobrova, Nadezhda Vernikovskaya, Nikita Eremeev and Vladislav Sadykov
Membranes 2022, 12(8), 741; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080741 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1569
Abstract
Membrane reactors (MR) with an appropriate catalyst are considered to be an innovative and intensified technology for converting a fuel into the hydrogen-rich gas with the simultaneous recovery of high-quality hydrogen. Characteristics of an asymmetric membrane disk module consisting of a gas-tight nanocomposite [...] Read more.
Membrane reactors (MR) with an appropriate catalyst are considered to be an innovative and intensified technology for converting a fuel into the hydrogen-rich gas with the simultaneous recovery of high-quality hydrogen. Characteristics of an asymmetric membrane disk module consisting of a gas-tight nanocomposite functional coating (Ni + Cu/Nd5.5WO11.25-δ mixed proton-electron conducting nanocomposite) deposited on a gas-permeable functionally graded substrate has previously been extensively studied at lab-scale using MRs, containing the catalyst in a packed bed and in the form of a monolith. The catalytic monolith consisted of a FeCrAl substrate with a washcoat and an Ni + Ru/Pr0.35Ce0.35Zr0.35O2 active component. It has been shown that the driving potential for hydrogen permeation across the same membrane in a monolithic catalyst –assisted MR is greater compared to the packed bed catalyst. This paper presents results of the study where a one-dimensional isothermal model was used to interrelate catalytic and permeation phenomena in a MR with ethanol steam reforming over the monolith, operating at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range of 700–900 °C. The developed mathematical reaction–transport model for the constituent layers of the catalyst-asymmetric membrane assembly together with a Sieverts’ equation for the functional dense layer, taking also into account the effect of boundary layers, was implemented in a COMSOL Multiphysics environment. Good agreement with the experimental data of the lab-scale MR with reasonable parameters values is provided. In numerical experiments, concentration profiles along the reactor axis were obtained, showing the effect of the emerging concentration gradient in the boundary layer adjacent to the membrane. Studies have shown that a MR with a catalytic monolith along with appropriate organization of a stagnant feed flow between the monolith and the membrane surface may enhance production and flux of hydrogen, as well as the efficiency characteristics of the reactor compared to a reactor with packed beds. Full article
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16 pages, 5230 KiB  
Article
Tribological Performance of Diamond Films with Different Roughnesses of Silicon Nitride Substrates and Carbon Source Concentrations
by Feng Lu, Tianwei Liu, Xu Bai, Yuhou Wu, He Wang and Guangyu Yan
Membranes 2022, 12(3), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030336 - 18 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1761
Abstract
Diamond films were deposited on silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrates with three different roughnesses using the method of hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The tribological properties of the film were studied by changing the deposition time, deposition distance, and methane [...] Read more.
Diamond films were deposited on silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrates with three different roughnesses using the method of hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The tribological properties of the film were studied by changing the deposition time, deposition distance, and methane (CH4) concentration. The friction coefficient, delamination threshold load, and wear rate of the diamond films were tested and calculated using the reciprocating friction and wear test under dry friction conditions. The results show that, when the deposition time is 12 h, the bonding force of the film is the lowest and the friction coefficient is the largest (0.175, 0.438, and 0.342); the deposition distance has little effect on the friction performance. The friction coefficients (0.064, 0.107, and 0.093) of nano-diamond films (NCD) prepared at a 40 sccm CH4 concentration are smaller than those of micro-diamond films (MCD) prepared at a 16 sccm CH4 concentration. The load thresholds before delamination of Ra 0.4 μm substrate diamond film are as high as 40 N and 80 N, whereas the diamond films deposited on Ra 0.03 μm substrates have lower wear rates (4.68 × 10−4 mm3/mN, 5.34 × 10−4 mm3/mN) and low friction coefficients (0.119, 0.074, 0.175, and 0.064). Within a certain load range, the deposition of a diamond film on a Ra 0.03 μm Si3N4 substrate significantly reduces the friction coefficient and improves wear resistance. Diamond film can improve the friction performance of a workpiece and prolong its service life. Full article
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19 pages, 5008 KiB  
Article
On the Potential of Gallium- and Indium-Based Liquid Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation
by Leon R. S. Rosseau, José A. Medrano, Rajat Bhardwaj, Earl L. V. Goetheer, Ivo A. W. Filot, Fausto Gallucci and Martin van Sint Annaland
Membranes 2022, 12(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12010075 - 07 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2264
Abstract
The concept of liquid metal membranes for hydrogen separation, based on gallium or indium, was recently introduced as an alternative to conventional palladium-based membranes. The potential of this class of gas separation materials was mainly attributed to the promise of higher hydrogen diffusivity. [...] Read more.
The concept of liquid metal membranes for hydrogen separation, based on gallium or indium, was recently introduced as an alternative to conventional palladium-based membranes. The potential of this class of gas separation materials was mainly attributed to the promise of higher hydrogen diffusivity. The postulated improvements are only beneficial to the flux if diffusion through the membrane is the rate-determining step in the permeation sequence. Whilst this is a valid assumption for hydrogen transport through palladium-based membranes, the relatively low adsorption energy of hydrogen on both liquid metals suggests that other phenomena may be relevant. In the current study, a microkinetic modeling approach is used to enable simulations based on a five-step permeation mechanism. The calculation results show that for the liquid metal membranes, the flux is limited by the dissociative adsorption over a large temperature range, and that the membrane flux is expected to be orders of magnitude lower compared to the membrane flux through pure palladium membranes. Even when accounting for the lower cost of the liquid metals compared to palladium, the latter still outperforms both gallium and indium in all realistic scenarios, in part due to the practical difficulties associated with making liquid metal thin films. Full article
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